Research Study Comparing a New Medicine "Fast-acting Insulin Aspart" to Another Already Available Medicine "NovoRapid"/"NovoLog" in People With Type 2 Diabetes

Change from baseline (week 0) in 1-hour postprandial glucose (PPG) increment was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Change from baseline (week 0) in 1,5-anhydroglucitol was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting plasma glucose was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Number of participants reaching HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/L) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Number of participants reaching HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/L) without severe hypoglycaemia episodes was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Change from baseline (week 0) in 30-minute, 1-hour, 2-hour, 3-hour and 4-hour postprandial glucose (PPG [meal test]) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact. Meal test: The subjects were given a carbohydrate-rich standardised liquid meal immediately after bolus (faster aspart or NovoRapid) infusion in the morning of the meal test. The subjects were to consume the meal as quickly as possible (within 12 minutes) and blood samples were drawn after 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours from the start of the meal.

Change from baseline (week 0) in 30-minute, 1-hour, 2-hour, 3-hour and 4-hour PPG increment (meal test) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact. Meal test: The subjects were given a carbohydrate-rich standardised liquid meal immediately after bolus (faster aspart or NovoRapid) infusion in the morning of the meal test. The subjects were to consume the meal as quickly as possible (within 12 minutes) and blood samples were drawn after 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours from the start of the meal. PPG incremental value for each time point was derived as PPG value at that time point minus the preprandial glucose value.

Change from baseline (week 0) in mean of the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. 7-9-7 point SMPG was measured at the following mentioned time points: 1) Before breakfast, 2) 60 mins after the start of Breakfast, 3) Before lunch, 4) 60 mins after the start of lunch, 5) Before main evening meal, 6) 60 mins after the start of main evening meal, 7) At bedtime, 8) At 4 AM, 9) Before breakfast.

Change from baseline (week 0) in PPG (breakfast, lunch, main evening meal and mean over all meals) of the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Change from baseline (week 0) in PPG increment (breakfast, lunch, main evening meal and mean over all meals) of the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. PPG increment based on the 7-9-7-point profiles were derived separately for PG measurements made at 1 hour after main meals (breakfast, lunch and main evening meal). PPG incremental value for each time point was derived as PPG value at that time point minus the preprandial glucose value. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Fluctuation in 7-point SMPG profile was the average absolute difference from the mean of the SMPG profile. Reported results are fluctuation in the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile from baseline (week 0) after 16 weeks of randomisation (i.e., week 16). The results are presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Change from baseline (week 0) in nocturnal SMPG measurements was assessed by considering the differences between PG values available at bedtime, at 4 AM and the before breakfast value the following day: (4 AM PG value minus at bedtime PG value), (before breakfast PG value minus at bedtime PG value) and (before breakfast PG value minus 4 AM PG value). Change from baseline in nocturnal increments in SMPG measurements of the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation and presented during three different time intervals as follows: 1) 04:00 to breakfast, 2) bedtime to 04:00, and 3) bedtime to breakfast. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Participants reaching overall PPG (1 hour) ≤7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL] was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. Participants without a postprandial glucose measurement at week 16 were considered not to have achieved HbA1c target at week 16. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Participants reaching overall PPG (1 hour) ≤7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL] without severe hypoglycaemia episodes was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. Participants without a postprandial glucose measurement at week 16 were considered not to have achieved HbA1c target at week 16. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Total bolus insulin dose (Units/day) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Total bolus insulin dose (Units/kg/day) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Total basal insulin dose (Units/day) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Total basal insulin dose (Units/kg/day) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Individual meal time bolus insulin dose (Units) for breakast, lunch and main evening meal was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Individual meal time bolus insulin dose (Units/kg) for breakast, lunch and main evening meal was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Reported results are lipids-lipoproteins (total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins) values are given as ratio to baseline (week 0) after 16 weeks. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. In trial observation period was from date of randomisation and until last trial-related participant-site contact.

Number of treatment emergent adverse events were recorded from week 0 to week 16. The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Number of treatment emergent injection site reactions were recorded from week 0 to week 16. The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

ADA classification of hypos:

1. Severe: Requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. PG levels may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following return of PG to normal is considered sufficient evidence that event was induced by a low PG level.
2. Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms.
3. Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms.
4. Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms.
5. Pseudo: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms.
6. Unclassifiable.

NN classification of hypos:

1. BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms.
2. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms.
3. Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms.
4. Unclassifiable. Not able to self treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent day time hypoglycaemic episodes according to the ADA and NN definitions were evaluated between 06:00 and 00:00 (both included). The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Number of treatment emergent nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes according to the ADA and NN definitions were evaluated between 00:01 and 05:59 (both included). The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes according to the ADA and NN definitions were evaluated during the first 1 hour after start of the meal. The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes according to the ADA and NN definitions were evaluated during the first 2 hours after start of the meal. The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes according to the ADA and NN definitions were evaluated during the first 4 hours after start of the meal. The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes according to the ADA and NN definitions were evaluated between 2 to 4 hours after start of the meal. The results are based on the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Participants with physical examination findings, normal, abnormal NCS (non- clinically significant) and abnormal CS (clinically significant) at baseline (week 0) and week 16 presented. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. Results are presented for the following examinations: 1) Cardiovascular system 2) Central \& Peripheral nervous system 3) Gastrointestinal system incl. mouth 4) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat and neck 5) Musculoskeletal system 6) Respiratory system 7) Skin

Change in vital signs - systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline (week 0) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Change in vital signs - pulse from baseline (week 0) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in fundoscopy/fundus photography from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in haematology - haematocrit from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in haematology - haemoglobin from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in haematology - leukocytes from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in haematology - thrombocytes from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in haematology - erythrocytes from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - alanine aminotransferase from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - alkaline phosphatase from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - aspratate aminotransferase from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - albumin from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - creatinine from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - potassium from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - sodium from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - total bilirubin from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in biochemistry - total protein from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Changes in body weight from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.

Change in the body mass index (BMI) from baseline (week 0) were evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period. On-treatment period started from date of first dose of randomised NovoRapid/faster aspart and to 7 days after day of last dose or day before initiation of ancillary treatment.