The Effect of Menstrual Cycle On IL-6, TNF-α And Periodontal Status

Study Population

Sixty women were initially included in this longitudinal, prospective study in Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology.

The procedure was accepted and informed consent was signed by all participants. The material and method used in the trial were accepted by the Yuzuncu Yil University Ethics Committee and were found to conform to the guidelines issued in the Declaration of Helsinki. To standardize the effect of plaque accumulation on the tested parameters, subjects were given oral hygiene instructions before the study.

Clinical Procedures, and Measurements

All subjects were scheduled for periodontal measurements and GCF sampling on the specific days determined as follows: 1) menstruation day (MD); on days 2-3 of menstruation 2) ovulation day (OD); detected by saliva fertility microscope 12-14 days of menstrual cycle and 3) premenstruation day (PmD); 22-24 days of menstruation cycle.

The subjects evaluated the study criteria in terms of the duration of a regular menstrual cycle (28 ± 3 d) and were followed up for three menstrual cycles. Five participants were excluded from the study if their menstrual cycles were longer or shorter than 28 ± 3 d for the last 12 months.

Donna ® Saliva Fertility Tester was used to detect the ovulation day. Patients also made their own fever measurement and confirmed the ovulation day. A small amount of saliva was placed onto microscope and after 5 minutes results were evaluated according to manufacturer's instructions. The outside of microscope lens cleaned with alcohol and a cotton swab after each use.

Periodontal measurements were performed for all patients at each of the three time points from index teeth. Periodontal measurements were: 1) plaque index (PI) (according to Silness and Löe index) 9: measured at six sites around each tooth; the highest score per tooth was recorded; 2) gingival index (GI) (according to Löe and Silness index) 10: measured at six sites around each tooth; the highest score per tooth was recorded; 3) probing depth (PD): measured at six sites around each tooth.

The GCF samples were obtained for 30 seconds from the mesiobuccal gingival sulcus of teeth using periodontal paper strips . The samples were taken 3 hours after the patients brush their teeth in the morning.

To avoid irritation of the periodontal pocket epithelium, the clinical measurements were obtained after the GCF samples collecting. The area was isolated with cotton rolls. All paper strips were stored in phosphate buffered solution. Paper points contaminated with blood and saliva were not used for study. GCF samples were stored at -80 °C for laboratory analyses. GCF samples were analyzed for IL-6 and TNF-α using commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results were reported as concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in GCF.