Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosistDCS_MNDNCT03293394
Rehabilitative Trial With tDCS in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A study testing Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS in people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, run by Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- What is being tested?
- Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 2 Oct 2017to 1 Jul 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients with a diagnosis of probable, laboratory-supported probable, or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis according to the El Escorial revised criteria
- Disease duration ≤ 24 months
- Disease progression in the past 3 months
- Score ≥ 2 at the item "swallowing" of the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised
- Score ≥ 2 at the item "walking" of the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised
- Treatment with steady regimen of riluzole for a minimum of 1 month before study entry, and desiring its continuation
- Able to give informed consent
- Written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Motor neuron diseases other than ALS
- Severe head trauma in the past
- History of seizures
- History of ischemic stroke or hemorrhage
- Pacemaker
- Metal implants in the head/neck region
Show all 9Show fewer
- Severe comorbidity
- Intake of illegal drugs
- Pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Rehabilitative Trial With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body due to the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Current drugs approved for ALS treatment only modestly slow disease progression.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which has been demonstrated to modulate cerebral excitability in several neurodegenerative disorders and modulate intracortical connectivity measures.
In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, the investigators will evaluate whether a two-weeks' treatment with bilateral motor cortex anodal tDCS and spinal cathodal tDCS can improve symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and modulate intracortical connectivity, at short and long term.
Read the detailed description
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body due to the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Current drugs approved for ALS treatment only modestly slow disease progression.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which has been demonstrated to modulate cerebral excitability in several neurodegenerative disorders and modulate intracortical connectivity measures.
In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, the investigators will evaluate whether a two-weeks' treatment with bilateral motor cortex anodal tDCS and spinal cathodal tDCS can improve symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and modulate intracortical connectivity, at short and long term.
Subjects will be randomized in two groups, one receiving a 10 day (5 days/week for 2 weeks) treatment with anodal bilateral motor cortex tDCS and cathodal spinal tDCS and the other receiving sham stimulation with identical parameters. After the intervention, patients will be reassessed with a clinical and neurophysiological evaluation at 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after treatment. Furthermore, blood neurofilaments will be measured at each time point.
Clinical evaluation will include the ALSFRS-R, ALSAQ-40, CBI, EQ-5D-5L, muscle strength evaluated with the MRC scale.
Neurophysiological evaluation will include measures of intracortical connectivity, evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI-ICF), long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), short interval intracortical facilitation (SICF).
- Conditions
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Being tested
- Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS, Sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS
- Keywords
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Motor Neuron Disease, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
- Medical subject headings
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Motor Neuron Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCSDevice
10 sessions of anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal transcranial direct current stimulation (5 days/week for 2 weeks)
Sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCSDevice
10 sessions of sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal transcranial direct current stimulation (5 days/week for 2 weeks)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Real tDCS | Experimental | 10 days anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS Receives: Device: Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS |
| Sham tDCS | Placebo comparator | 10 days sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS Receives: Device: Sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Muscle Strength From Baseline
A megascore is obtained by summing scores of single muscles (shoulder abductors, elbow flexors and extensors, wrist flexors, thumb opponent, hip flexors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors and extensors on both sides) manually evaluated according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, which ranges from 0 (no movement) to 5 (normal contraction).
The score for each muscle is summed, with scores ranging from 100 (no impairment) to 0 (most severe impairment).
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Secondary outcomes (7)
Change in Short-interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) From Baseline
By using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the investigators will evaluate the effects of tDCS on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) from baseline
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change in the ALSFRS-R Score From Baseline
Change in the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score from baseline. The ALSFRS provides a physician-generated estimate of the patient's degree of functional impairment, which can be evaluated serially to objectively assess any response to treatment or progression of disease. The ALSFRS includes ten questions that rate the patients level of functional impairment in performing one of ten common tasks. Each task is rated on a five-point scale from 0 (can't do) to 4 (normal ability). Individual item scores are summed to produce a reported score of between 40 (no impairment) and 0 (severe impairment).
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: ALSAQ-40 Scale
Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the ALSAQ-40 scale. The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ) is a patient self-report health status scale. The ALSAQ is specifically used to measure the subjective well-being of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There are 40 items/questions with 5 discrete scales: physical mobility (10 items), activities of daily living and independence (10 items), eating and drinking (3 items), communication (7 items), emotional reactions (10 items). Patients are asked to think about the difficulties they may have experienced during the last two weeks (e.g. I have found it difficult to feed myself). Patients are asked to indicate the frequency of each event by selecting one of 5 options (Likert scale):
never/rarely/sometimes/often/always or cannot do at all. The total ranges from 0 (no impairment) to 160 (severe impairment).
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-5D-5L Scale
Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the EQ-5D-5L scale. The descriptive system comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. The scale ranges from 5 (no impairment) to 25 (severe impairment).
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-VAS Scale
Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the EQ-VAS scale. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. The scale ranges from 0 (severe impairment) to 100 (no impairment).
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change in Caregiver Burden (CBI)
Change of quality of life from baseline evaluated with the CBI scale. The CBI scale is 24- item scale designed to assess the experience of caregivers of older people. The multidimensional instrument assesses five domains of burden (time-dependence, developmental, physical, social, and emotional). Items are scored on a 4-point scale, ranging from "not at all descriptive" to "very descriptive". The scale ranges from 0 (no impairment) to 96 (severe impairment).
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) From Baseline
By using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the investigators will evaluate the effects of tDCS on intracortical facilitation (ICF) from baseline
Measured: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 month - 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Sep 2017
- Study start2 Oct 2017
- Primary completion20 Jun 2018
- Study completion1 Jul 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Barbara Borroni, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia
- Investigators
- Barbara Borroni, MD, Principal investigator, Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili, BresciaAlberto Benussi, MD, Principal investigator, Università degli Studi di Brescia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03293394
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NP2743
- Acronym
- tDCS_MND
- Status last verified
- Mar 2020
- First submitted
- 21 Sep 2017
- Last updated
- 3 Mar 2020
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Quartarone A, Lang N, Rizzo V, Bagnato S, Morgante F, Sant'angelo A, Crupi D, Battaglia F, Messina C, Girlanda P. Motor cortex abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with transcranial direct-current stimulation. Muscle Nerve. 2007 May;35(5):620-4. doi: 10.1002/mus.20737.
PubMed 17221883Lefaucheur JP, Antal A, Ayache SS, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Cogiamanian F, Cotelli M, De Ridder D, Ferrucci R, Langguth B, Marangolo P, Mylius V, Nitsche MA, Padberg F, Palm U, Poulet E, Priori A, Rossi S, Schecklmann M, Vanneste S, Ziemann U, Garcia-Larrea L, Paulus W. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2017 Jan;128(1):56-92. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.087. Epub 2016 Oct 29.
PubMed 27866120Menon P, Geevasinga N, Yiannikas C, Howells J, Kiernan MC, Vucic S. Sensitivity and specificity of threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2015 May;14(5):478-84. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00014-9. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
PubMed 25843898Burrell JR, Kiernan MC, Vucic S, Hodges JR. Motor neuron dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2011 Sep;134(Pt 9):2582-94. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr195. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
PubMed 21840887
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Mar 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Rehabilitative Trial With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03293394
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- tDCS_MND / NP2743
- Conditions
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Keywords
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Motor Neuron Disease, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di BresciaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Oct 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Jun 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jul 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Sep 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 22 Nov 2019
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body due to the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Current drugs approved for ALS treatment only modestly slow disease progression.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which has been demonstrated to modulate cerebral excitability in several neurodegenerative disorders and modulate intracortical connectivity measures.
In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, the investigators will evaluate whether a two-weeks' treatment with bilateral motor cortex anodal tDCS and spinal cathodal tDCS can improve symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and modulate intracortical connectivity, at short and long term.
Detailed description
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body due to the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Current drugs approved for ALS treatment only modestly slow disease progression.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which has been demonstrated to modulate cerebral excitability in several neurodegenerative disorders and modulate intracortical connectivity measures.
In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, the investigators will evaluate whether a two-weeks' treatment with bilateral motor cortex anodal tDCS and spinal cathodal tDCS can improve symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and modulate intracortical connectivity, at short and long term.
Subjects will be randomized in two groups, one receiving a 10 day (5 days/week for 2 weeks) treatment with anodal bilateral motor cortex tDCS and cathodal spinal tDCS and the other receiving sham stimulation with identical parameters. After the intervention, patients will be reassessed with a clinical and neurophysiological evaluation at 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after treatment. Furthermore, blood neurofilaments will be measured at each time point.
Clinical evaluation will include the ALSFRS-R, ALSAQ-40, CBI, EQ-5D-5L, muscle strength evaluated with the MRC scale.
Neurophysiological evaluation will include measures of intracortical connectivity, evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI-ICF), long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), short interval intracortical facilitation (SICF).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Real tDCS | Experimental | Device: Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS10 days anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS |
| Sham tDCS | Placebo comparator | Device: Sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS10 days sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Patients with a diagnosis of probable, laboratory-supported probable, or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis according to the El Escorial revised criteria
- Disease duration ≤ 24 months
- Disease progression in the past 3 months
- Score ≥ 2 at the item "swallowing" of the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised
- Score ≥ 2 at the item "walking" of the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Motor neuron diseases other than ALS
- Severe head trauma in the past
- History of seizures
- History of ischemic stroke or hemorrhage
- Pacemaker
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS10 sessions of anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal transcranial direct current stimulation (5 days/week for 2 weeks) | Device | Real tDCS |
| Sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal tDCS10 sessions of sham bilateral motor cortex and sham spinal transcranial direct current stimulation (5 days/week for 2 weeks) | Device | Sham tDCS |
Primary outcome
Change in Muscle Strength From Baseline
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
A megascore is obtained by summing scores of single muscles (shoulder abductors, elbow flexors and extensors, wrist flexors, thumb opponent, hip flexors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors and extensors on both sides) manually evaluated according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, which ranges from 0 (no movement) to 5 (normal contraction). The score for each muscle is summed, with scores ranging from 100 (no impairment) to 0 (most severe impairment).
7 secondary outcomes
Change in Short-interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) From Baseline
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change in the ALSFRS-R Score From Baseline
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: ALSAQ-40 Scale
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-5D-5L Scale
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change of Quality of Life From Baseline: EQ-VAS Scale
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change in Caregiver Burden (CBI)
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months
Change Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) From Baseline
Time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 month - 6 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Mar 2020.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 17221883Quartarone A, Lang N, Rizzo V, Bagnato S, Morgante F, Sant'angelo A, Crupi D, Battaglia F, Messina C, Girlanda P. Motor cortex abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with transcranial direct-current stimulation. Muscle Nerve. 2007 May;35(5):620-4. doi: 10.1002/mus.20737.
- Background: PubMed 27866120Lefaucheur JP, Antal A, Ayache SS, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Cogiamanian F, Cotelli M, De Ridder D, Ferrucci R, Langguth B, Marangolo P, Mylius V, Nitsche MA, Padberg F, Palm U, Poulet E, Priori A, Rossi S, Schecklmann M, Vanneste S, Ziemann U, Garcia-Larrea L, Paulus W. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2017 Jan;128(1):56-92. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.087. Epub 2016 Oct 29.
- Background: PubMed 25843898Menon P, Geevasinga N, Yiannikas C, Howells J, Kiernan MC, Vucic S. Sensitivity and specificity of threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2015 May;14(5):478-84. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00014-9. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
- Background: PubMed 21840887Burrell JR, Kiernan MC, Vucic S, Hodges JR. Motor neuron dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2011 Sep;134(Pt 9):2582-94. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr195. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Barbara Borroni, MD principal investigator
Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili, Brescia
Alberto Benussi, MD principal investigator
Università degli Studi di Brescia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Anodal bilateral motor cortex and cathodal spinal tDCS in people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, run by Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Mar 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 22 Nov 2019). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Muscle Strength From Baseline (time frame: Baseline - 2 weeks - 2 months - 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03293394, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Mar 2020; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.