Only Healthy Participants Are Included in the StudyAESSWNCT03298789
Acute Effects of Static Stretching in Warm-up
A study testing Activation exercise and 7 series of static stretching in people with Only Healthy Participants Are Included in the Study, run by University of Primorska at 1 site in Slovenia.
Trial summary
In this study the investigators want to address acute effects of warm-up and static stretching on short-term muscular performance of football players. Static stretching exercises are often used in the first part of a training session or before a football match in order to increase sports performance and to decrease… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 15 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Only Healthy Participants Are Included in the Study
- What is being tested?
- Activation exercise and 7 series of static stretching
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 19 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSlovenia
- Study dates
- 22 Jul 2017to 30 Jul 2017
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 15 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- football players, man
Who cannot join
- injuries, last 12 months
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Slovenia1 site
Faculty of Health Studies, University of Primorska
Izola, Polje 42, 6310
About this study
Official title: Acute Effects of Static Stretching in Warm-up on Muscular Performance of Football Players
In this study the investigators want to address acute effects of warm-up and static stretching on short-term muscular performance of football players. Static stretching exercises are often used in the first part of a training session or before a football match in order to increase sports performance and to decrease risk of injuries. Since there is a lot of scientific evidence that demonstrates static stretching can improve short-term muscle performance, the aim of researchers is to discover the size and the duration of negative effects and, additionally, whether these effects can be eliminated with activation exercises. Nineteen 14 years old football players will be included in a cross-over study design.
In the control condition the participants will perform 5 minutes of aerobic warm-up (stepping on the stair) and then 7 series of 20-seconds static stretching of quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, hip adductors and triceps surae.
Read more
Maximal power and jump height of the countermovement jump will be tested in between every series. Thus, parameters of countermovement jump will be monitored at the beginning, after warm-up, after each series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after 7th static stretching series and 15 minutes after 7th static stretching series.
Parameters of dynamometry (relative maximal torque [Nm/kgBM] and rate of torque developement [Nm/s/kgBM] will be monitored at the beginning, after warm up, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
Maximal range of motion will be monitored at the beginning, after warm up, during every series of static stretching, after last series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
In the second condition (experimental) all the tasks are the same, the only difference is that the subjects must perform post-activation potentiation exercises after last series of static stretching.
We hypothesize that muscular performance will be impaired to a statistically significant level after 7th series of static stretching. Second hypothesis is that negative effects will not last longer than 15 minutes and the last hypothesis is that static stretching induced negative effects can be nullified with activation exercises.
Read the detailed description
Stretching exercises are often used in warm-up to increase footballer's performance and to decrease risk of injury. The main aim of these exercises is to increase maximal active range of motion. Different types of stretching exercises are being used: ballistic, dynamic, static, eccentric flexibility training and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. All of them are usually used in football training sessions in order to increase short-term range of motion and to decrease associated risk of injuries. Simic, Sarabon and Markovic (2013) in their meta-analysis reported that static stretching can have negative acute effects, which is not in line with general thinking, that static stretching in warm-up can have positive effects on sports performance.
Post-activation potentiation is a phenomenon, which is induced by loading the muscle to increase the recruitment of motor units. Since static stretching can have negative effects on muscle performance (maximal strength, power) the researchers hypothesize, that the effects can be eliminated with this type of activation exercises.
In this study the researchers want to measure acute effects of warm-up and static stretching on maximal range of motion, maximal torque and maximal rate of torque of adductors (dynamometer) and maximal power and height of countermovement jump (force plate) of football players. Since there is many scientific evidence that shows that static stretching can improve short-term muscle performance, our aim is to discover the size and the duration of negative effects and if they can be eliminated with post-activation potentiation exercises. In the cross-over study design 19 football players of age 14 will be included.
In the first condition (control) the participants will perform 5 minutes of aerobic warm-up (stepping on the stair) and then 7 series of 20-seconds bilateral static stretching of hamstrings, adductors and triceps surae (with knee extended). Quadriceps femoris will be stretched unilaterally, each muscle 20 seconds. Summary of all stretches in one series is 80 seconds. Maximal range of motion of hip abduction and hip flexion (seat and reach test) and dorsal flexion will be measured at the beginning, after warm up, during each series of static stretching, after last series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
Maximal power [W/kg] and height [m] of the countermovement jump will be monitored with force plate at the beginning, after warm up, after each series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
On dynamometer will be conducted 2 maximal explosive voluntary contractions of adductors muscles. Relative maximal torque [Nm/kgBM] and rate of torque developement [Nm/s/kgBM] will be measured at the beginning, after warm up, after last series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
In the second condition (experimental) all the tasks are the same, the only difference is that the subjects must conduct activation exercises after last series of static stretching.
Activation exercises are consisted of 2 series of 4 exercises. The first series (slow series) starts with 8 lifts onto toes (dorsal flexion) with knees extended, than continues with 8 deep squats and 8 hip thrust and then terminates with four 4-seconds lasting maximal voluntary contraction of adductors with knees extended and with soft ball between the ankles. The second series (explosive) commences with 8 maximal vertical jumps conducted just with ankles, and then continues with 8 maximal countermovement jumps and 8 explosive hip thrusts. It finishes with 8 maximal explosive and 2 seconds lasting voluntary contractions of hip adductors with knees extended and with soft ball between the ankles.
The researchers hypothesize that muscular performance (maximal power and height of the countermovement jump, maximal torque and rate of torque developement of adductors muscles) will be impaired after 7 series of static stretching. Second hypothesis is that negative effects will not last longer than 15 minutes and the last hypothesis is that static stretching induced negative effects can be eliminated with sets of activation exercises.
Statistical analysis will be performed in SPSS (SPSS Statistics 22, IBM, New York). T-test, 1-way and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA will be used to confirm the differences between average values.
- Being tested
- Activation exercise, 7 series of static stretching
- Keywords
- static stretching, muscle power, countermovement jump, dynamometry, warm up, force plate
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Activation exerciseOther
Two series of 4 activation exercise will be included in the intervention.
7 series of static stretchingOther
7 series of 4 20 seconds static stretches will be conducted.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental condition | Experimental | 7 series of static stretching will be conducted in the experimental condition. Activation exercises will be performed after 7th series of static stretching. Receives: Other: Activation exercise; Other: 7 series of static stretching |
| Control | Other | 7 series of static stretching will be conducted in the control condition. Receives: Other: 7 series of static stretching |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Muscle Performance
Maximal and explosive strength of adductors, maximal power during countermovement jump
Measured: 1 week
Secondary outcomes (5)
Maximal power during countermovement jump
Relative maximal power during countermovement jump on force plate (W/kg)
Measured: 1 week
Jump Height
Maximal height of countermovement jump on force plate (m)
Measured: 1 week
Relative maximal torque of adductors on dynamometer (Nm/kgBM)
Maximal voluntary contraction of adductors will be performed on dynamometer.
Measured: 1 week
Rate of torque developement (Nm/s/kgBM)
Rate of torque developement were monitored during Explosive maximal voluntary contraction of adductors performed on dynamometer.
Measured: 1 week
Maximal range of motion (cm)
Maximal range of passive motion (bilaterally performed: seat\&reach, hip abduction, dorsal foot flexion - for all, knees extended)
Measured: 1 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Oct 2017
- Study start22 Jul 2017
- Primary completion23 Jul 2017
- Study completion30 Jul 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Only Healthy Participants Are Included in the StudyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- 19 subjects will be devided into two groups. The first group will conduct the control condition on Saturday and the second group will conduct the experimental condition on Sunday. One week later, the subjects will undergo the second visit, each group of subjects performing the opposite condition.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Primorska
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Motus Melior, Ltd.
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nejc Sarabon, University of Primorska
- Investigators
- Nejc Sarabon, PhD, Study director, University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Studies, Izola, Slovenia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03298789
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UP-FVZ-StretchingEffects
- Acronym
- AESSW
- Status last verified
- Sep 2017
- First submitted
- 3 Aug 2017
- Last updated
- 2 Oct 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Oct 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Acute Effects of Static Stretching in Warm-up on Muscular Performance of Football Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03298789
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AESSW / UP-FVZ-StretchingEffects
- Keywords
- static stretching, muscle power, countermovement jump, dynamometry, warm up, force plate
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PrimorskaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Motus Melior, Ltd.
- Study start
- 22 Jul 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Jul 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Oct 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this study the investigators want to address acute effects of warm-up and static stretching on short-term muscular performance of football players. Static stretching exercises are often used in the first part of a training session or before a football match in order to increase sports performance and to decrease risk of injuries. Since there is a lot of scientific evidence that demonstrates static stretching can improve short-term muscle performance, the aim of researchers is to discover the size and the duration of negative effects and, additionally, whether these effects can be eliminated with activation exercises. Nineteen 14 years old football players will be included in a cross-over study design.
In the control condition the participants will perform 5 minutes of aerobic warm-up (stepping on the stair) and then 7 series of 20-seconds static stretching of quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, hip adductors and triceps surae.
Maximal power and jump height of the countermovement jump will be tested in between every series. Thus, parameters of countermovement jump will be monitored at the beginning, after warm-up, after each series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after 7th static stretching series and 15 minutes after 7th static stretching series.
Parameters of dynamometry (relative maximal torque [Nm/kgBM] and rate of torque developement [Nm/s/kgBM] will be monitored at the beginning, after warm up, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
Maximal range of motion will be monitored at the beginning, after warm up, during every series of static stretching, after last series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
In the second condition (experimental) all the tasks are the same, the only difference is that the subjects must perform post-activation potentiation exercises after last series of static stretching.
We hypothesize that muscular performance will be impaired to a statistically significant level after 7th series of static stretching. Second hypothesis is that negative effects will not last longer than 15 minutes and the last hypothesis is that static stretching induced negative effects can be nullified with activation exercises.
Detailed description
Stretching exercises are often used in warm-up to increase footballer's performance and to decrease risk of injury. The main aim of these exercises is to increase maximal active range of motion. Different types of stretching exercises are being used: ballistic, dynamic, static, eccentric flexibility training and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. All of them are usually used in football training sessions in order to increase short-term range of motion and to decrease associated risk of injuries. Simic, Sarabon and Markovic (2013) in their meta-analysis reported that static stretching can have negative acute effects, which is not in line with general thinking, that static stretching in warm-up can have positive effects on sports performance.
Post-activation potentiation is a phenomenon, which is induced by loading the muscle to increase the recruitment of motor units. Since static stretching can have negative effects on muscle performance (maximal strength, power) the researchers hypothesize, that the effects can be eliminated with this type of activation exercises.
In this study the researchers want to measure acute effects of warm-up and static stretching on maximal range of motion, maximal torque and maximal rate of torque of adductors (dynamometer) and maximal power and height of countermovement jump (force plate) of football players. Since there is many scientific evidence that shows that static stretching can improve short-term muscle performance, our aim is to discover the size and the duration of negative effects and if they can be eliminated with post-activation potentiation exercises. In the cross-over study design 19 football players of age 14 will be included.
In the first condition (control) the participants will perform 5 minutes of aerobic warm-up (stepping on the stair) and then 7 series of 20-seconds bilateral static stretching of hamstrings, adductors and triceps surae (with knee extended). Quadriceps femoris will be stretched unilaterally, each muscle 20 seconds. Summary of all stretches in one series is 80 seconds. Maximal range of motion of hip abduction and hip flexion (seat and reach test) and dorsal flexion will be measured at the beginning, after warm up, during each series of static stretching, after last series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
Maximal power [W/kg] and height [m] of the countermovement jump will be monitored with force plate at the beginning, after warm up, after each series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
On dynamometer will be conducted 2 maximal explosive voluntary contractions of adductors muscles. Relative maximal torque [Nm/kgBM] and rate of torque developement [Nm/s/kgBM] will be measured at the beginning, after warm up, after last series of static stretching, 7.5 minutes after last series of static stretching and 15 minutes after last series of static stretching.
In the second condition (experimental) all the tasks are the same, the only difference is that the subjects must conduct activation exercises after last series of static stretching.
Activation exercises are consisted of 2 series of 4 exercises. The first series (slow series) starts with 8 lifts onto toes (dorsal flexion) with knees extended, than continues with 8 deep squats and 8 hip thrust and then terminates with four 4-seconds lasting maximal voluntary contraction of adductors with knees extended and with soft ball between the ankles. The second series (explosive) commences with 8 maximal vertical jumps conducted just with ankles, and then continues with 8 maximal countermovement jumps and 8 explosive hip thrusts. It finishes with 8 maximal explosive and 2 seconds lasting voluntary contractions of hip adductors with knees extended and with soft ball between the ankles.
The researchers hypothesize that muscular performance (maximal power and height of the countermovement jump, maximal torque and rate of torque developement of adductors muscles) will be impaired after 7 series of static stretching. Second hypothesis is that negative effects will not last longer than 15 minutes and the last hypothesis is that static stretching induced negative effects can be eliminated with sets of activation exercises.
Statistical analysis will be performed in SPSS (SPSS Statistics 22, IBM, New York). T-test, 1-way and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA will be used to confirm the differences between average values.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- 19 subjects will be devided into two groups. The first group will conduct the control condition on Saturday and the second group will conduct the experimental condition on Sunday. One week later, the subjects will undergo the second visit, each group of subjects performing the opposite condition.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental condition | Experimental | Other: Activation exercise, Other: 7 series of static stretching7 series of static stretching will be conducted in the experimental condition. Activation exercises will be performed after 7th series of static stretching. |
| Control | Other | Other: 7 series of static stretching7 series of static stretching will be conducted in the control condition. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 15 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- football players, man
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- injuries, last 12 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Activation exerciseTwo series of 4 activation exercise will be included in the intervention. | Other | Experimental condition |
| 7 series of static stretching7 series of 4 20 seconds static stretches will be conducted. | Other | Control, Experimental condition |
Primary outcome
Muscle Performance
Time frame: 1 week
Maximal and explosive strength of adductors, maximal power during countermovement jump
5 secondary outcomes
Maximal power during countermovement jump
Time frame: 1 week
Jump Height
Time frame: 1 week
Relative maximal torque of adductors on dynamometer (Nm/kgBM)
Time frame: 1 week
Rate of torque developement (Nm/s/kgBM)
Time frame: 1 week
Maximal range of motion (cm)
Time frame: 1 week
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Oct 2017.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nejc Sarabon, PhD study director
University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Studies, Izola, Slovenia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Activation exercise and 7 series of static stretching in people with Only Healthy Participants Are Included in the Study, run by University of Primorska at 1 site in Slovenia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Oct 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Slovenia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Muscle Performance (time frame: 1 week). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Oct 2017.