RhinitisPhase 2/3NCT03394508
The Safety and Efficacy of Intralymphatic Immunotherapy in Pollen Allergic Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma
A Phase 2/3 study testing ALK Alutard birch or 5-grasses and ALK diluent 0,3% human albumin in people with Rhinitis and Asthma, run by Karolinska Institutet.
Trial summary
The study evaluates the safety and efficacy of intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy given to adolescents and young adults who are allergic to grass or birch pollen and have mild or moderate asthma. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 50 years
- What is being tested?
- ALK Alutard birch or 5-grasses and ALK diluent 0,3% human albumin
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Jan 2013to Dec 2017
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Allergic rhinitis due to grass or birch pollen
- Mild to moderate asthma with a positive methacholine challenge
- Accepted and signed informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Previously subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with total symptom relief.
- Previously SCIT but no symptom improvement at all.
- Sensitizations to house dust mite or furry animals, with ongoing exposure and symptoms.
- Severe atopic dermatitis.
- Patients with significant diseases other than allergic rhinitis. A significant disease is defined as a disease which in the opinion of the investigator may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the study or a disease which may influence the results of the study or the patient's ability to participate in the study.
- Patients with a respiratory tract infection in the past 4 weeks prior to Visit 2.
Show all 24Show fewer
- Pregnant or nursing women or women of childbearing potential not using a medically approved means of contraception (i.e., oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, diaphragm, or subdermal implants).
- Known autoimmune or collagen disease
- Cardiovascular disease
- Hepatic disease
- Known renal insufficiency
- Cancer
- Hematologic disease
- Chronic infectious disease
- Any medication with a possible side-effect of interfering with the immune response
- Previous immuno- or chemotherapy
- Disease or conditions rendering the treatment of anaphylactic reactions difficult (symptomatic coronary heart diseases, severe arterial hypertension and treatment with β-blockers)
- Major metabolic disease
- Known or suspected allergy to the study product
- Obesity with BMI > 30 since subcutaneous fat makes ultrasound imaging of lymph nodes harder which may risk the correct placement of injection.
- Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, abuse alcohol or drugs within 2 years prior to Visit 1.
- Patients who have taken an investigational drug within 1 month or six half lives, whichever is greater, prior to Visit 1.
- Mental incapability of coping with the study
- Withdrawal of informed consent
About this study
Official title: The Safety and Efficacy of Intralymphatic Immunotherapy in Pollen Allergic Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
The study evaluates the safety and efficacy of intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy given to adolescents and young adults who are allergic to grass or birch pollen and have mild or moderate asthma. Patients will be treated with three intralymphatic injections; 1000 SQ-U x3 with 4-5 weeks interval, or placebo with 4-5 weeks interval. The patients receiving treatment will be given a fourth injection one year after the initial injections. The study is conducted in collaboration between Professor Lars Olof Cardell (ENT), prof Gunilla Hedlin (Pediatrics) and prof Marianne van Hage (Immunology)".
Read the detailed description
30 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to birch or grass pollen are included. Study subjects are randomized to intralymphatic injections with placebo or ALK Alutard 5-grasses / birch or placebo. The patients receiving treatment will be given a fourth injection one year after the initial injections.
- Being tested
- ALK Alutard birch or 5-grasses, ALK diluent 0,3% human albumin
- Medical subject headings
- Rhinitis, Asthma, Hypersensitivity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ALK Alutard birch or 5-grassesDrug
Also called ALK Alutard birch pollen or ALK Alutard grass pollen
Intralymphatic injection with 1000 units. 3 injections with 4-5 weeks interval (0,1 ml) and one additional booster injection with 1000 units before the second pollen season.
ALK diluent 0,3% human albuminDrug
Also called Human albumin
Intralymphatic injection with 0.1 ml. 3 injections with 4-5 weeks interval
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | ALK diluent 0,3% human albumin' Receives: Drug: ALK diluent 0,3% human albumin |
| Active treatment | Experimental | Intervention: Drug ALK Alutard birch or 5-grasses. Grass pollen suspension or birch pollen suspension Receives: Drug: ALK Alutard birch or 5-grasses |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Symptoms Score After Nasal Allergen Challenge
0,1 ml of ALK Aquagen birch or timothy 10 000 SQU/ml is deposited in each nostril and allergy symptoms are recorded. Symptoms during NPTs were scored according to the Lebel scoring scale. Symtom scores at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after nasal administration of the allergenextract were summed to represent the symptom-score at each nasal challenge (at inclusion, 12 months after inclusion and for the active patients 24 months after inclusion). The scoring system identifies nasal, eye, and ear symptoms: rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, nasal congestion, ocular pruritus, watery eyes, and itchy ears, each graded on a scale from 0 to 3 points, and a total score was summarized after subtracting the starting score (min score is 0 and maximum score is 54 + the number of sneezes). Higher scores mean worse outcome.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Secondary outcomes (9)
Change on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS
Treatment effect was evaluated by asking the patients to compare their allergic symptoms during the last pollen season with the pollen season before treatment on a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 (unchanged symptoms, no improvement) to 10 (total symptom relief, complete recovery).
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Quality of Life
Difference before and after treatment in Quality of Life. Quality of life was assessed using the Juniper Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, giving a score ranging from 1 to 7, and a change in score of 0.5 points is considered clinically relevant. Lower value is considered worse outcome.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Allergen-specific Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Levels Compared to Before Treatment
Allergen-specific IgE levels were measured by ImmunoCAP (Thermo Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden) for birch (t3) and timothy grass (g6) pollen according to the manufacturer's instructions. A cutoff level ≥ 0.35 kUA/L was considered positive.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Asthma Symptom Scores
Asthma control 4 weeks before follow-up was estimated with the asthma control test. The score is based on a questionnaire with 5 questions concerning the patients asthma. Each question can be given a score from 1 to 5 points. The answers for each question is added together, where a minimum score of 5 and a maximum score of 25 can be obtained. Higher scores indicate improved outcome and a score of 19 or less suggests poorly controlled asthma.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Pulmonary Function Measurement (Spirometry)
FEV1 were measured according to international guidelines and results presented in % of predicted values according to the patients height, gender, age and weight.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Changes in Airway Inflammation Assessed by Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide in exhaled air, p.p.b. were measured according to international guidelines, and higher values indicate worse outcome.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Symptom and Medication-score
Modified Symptom scores and Medication score were calculated taking into account the frequency: daily (4 points); every second day (3 points); 1 to 3 days per week (2 points); occasionally (1 point); never (0 points), for the following symptoms: blocked nose, rhinorrhea, fatigue, sneezing, and asthma symptoms, and for the following medications used: local and systemic antihistamines, nasal steroids, asthma medication, and eye drops. A minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 20 points for symptoms and 16 points for medication could be obtained. Higher values indicate worse outcome.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Changes in Response to a Bronchial Challenge With Methacholine
Methacholine challenge to test the bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the airways of the included subjects. The subject will inhale increasing doses of methacholine. Spirometry is performed before and between each inhalation. The cumulative dose of methacholine needed to elicit at 20% decrease in FEV1 (PD20) is reported. Lower values indicate worse outcome.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Allergen-specific Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and Ig4 Levels Compared to Before Treatment
Allergen-specific IgG and IgG4 level was measured by ImmunoCAP (Thermo Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden) for birch (t3) and timothy grass (g6) pollen according to the manufacturer's instructions. A cutoff 2 mg/L for IgG and 0.05 mg/L for IgG4 was considered positive.
Measured: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Jan 2018
- Study startJan 2013
- Primary completionDec 2017
- Study completionDec 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for RhinitisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Karolinska InstitutetThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska Institutet
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gunilla Hedlin, Karolinska Institutet
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03394508
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DNR 2012/701 EPN Lund
- Status last verified
- Sep 2020
- First submitted
- 6 Dec 2017
- Last updated
- 28 Sep 2020
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Patterson AM, Bonny AE, Shiels WE 2nd, Erwin EA. Three-injection intralymphatic immunotherapy in adolescents and young adults with grass pollen rhinoconjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016 Feb;116(2):168-70. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.11.010. Epub 2015 Dec 17. No abstract available.
PubMed 26706294Witten M, Malling HJ, Blom L, Poulsen BC, Poulsen LK. Is intralymphatic immunotherapy ready for clinical use in patients with grass pollen allergy? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Nov;132(5):1248-1252.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.033. Epub 2013 Sep 13. No abstract available.
PubMed 24035151Hylander T, Latif L, Petersson-Westin U, Cardell LO. Intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy: an effective and safe alternative treatment route for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Feb;131(2):412-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.056.
PubMed 23374268Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, Johansen P, Martinez-Gomez JM, Graf N, Steiner M, Hothorn LA, Gronlund H, Tivig C, Zaleska A, Soyer O, van Hage M, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Rose H, Kundig TM. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 May;129(5):1290-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.026. Epub 2012 Mar 30.
PubMed 22464647Hylander T, Larsson O, Petersson-Westin U, Eriksson M, Kumlien Georen S, Winqvist O, Cardell LO. Intralymphatic immunotherapy of pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Res. 2016 Jan 27;17:10. doi: 10.1186/s12931-016-0324-9.
PubMed 26817454
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Sep 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Safety and Efficacy of Intralymphatic Immunotherapy in Pollen Allergic Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03394508
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DNR 2012/701 EPN Lund
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska InstitutetUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jan 2013 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 28 Sep 2020
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study evaluates the safety and efficacy of intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy given to adolescents and young adults who are allergic to grass or birch pollen and have mild or moderate asthma. Patients will be treated with three intralymphatic injections; 1000 SQ-U x3 with 4-5 weeks interval, or placebo with 4-5 weeks interval. The patients receiving treatment will be given a fourth injection one year after the initial injections. The study is conducted in collaboration between Professor Lars Olof Cardell (ENT), prof Gunilla Hedlin (Pediatrics) and prof Marianne van Hage (Immunology)".
Detailed description
30 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to birch or grass pollen are included. Study subjects are randomized to intralymphatic injections with placebo or ALK Alutard 5-grasses / birch or placebo. The patients receiving treatment will be given a fourth injection one year after the initial injections.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: ALK diluent 0,3% human albuminALK diluent 0,3% human albumin' |
| Active treatment | Experimental | Drug: ALK Alutard birch or 5-grassesIntervention: Drug ALK Alutard birch or 5-grasses. Grass pollen suspension or birch pollen suspension |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Allergic rhinitis due to grass or birch pollen
- Mild to moderate asthma with a positive methacholine challenge
- Accepted and signed informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (24 listed)
- Previously subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with total symptom relief.
- Previously SCIT but no symptom improvement at all.
- Sensitizations to house dust mite or furry animals, with ongoing exposure and symptoms.
- Severe atopic dermatitis.
- Patients with significant diseases other than allergic rhinitis. A significant disease is defined as a disease which in the opinion of the investigator may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the study or a disease which may influence the results of the study or the patient's ability to participate in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ALK Alutard birch or 5-grassesAlso: ALK Alutard birch pollen or ALK Alutard grass pollenIntralymphatic injection with 1000 units. 3 injections with 4-5 weeks interval (0,1 ml) and one additional booster injection with 1000 units before the second pollen season. | Drug | Active treatment |
| ALK diluent 0,3% human albuminAlso: Human albuminIntralymphatic injection with 0.1 ml. 3 injections with 4-5 weeks interval | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Change in Symptoms Score After Nasal Allergen Challenge
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
0,1 ml of ALK Aquagen birch or timothy 10 000 SQU/ml is deposited in each nostril and allergy symptoms are recorded. Symptoms during NPTs were scored according to the Lebel scoring scale. Symtom scores at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after nasal administration of the allergenextract were summed to represent the symptom-score at each nasal challenge (at inclusion, 12 months after inclusion and for the active patients 24 months after inclusion). The scoring system identifies nasal, eye, and ear symptoms: rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, nasal congestion, ocular pruritus, watery eyes, and itchy ears, each graded on a scale from 0 to 3 points, and a total score was summarized after subtracting the starting score (min score is 0 and maximum score is 54 + the number of sneezes). Higher scores mean worse outcome.
9 secondary outcomes
Change on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Quality of Life
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Allergen-specific Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Levels Compared to Before Treatment
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Asthma Symptom Scores
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Pulmonary Function Measurement (Spirometry)
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Changes in Airway Inflammation Assessed by Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Symptom and Medication-score
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Changes in Response to a Bronchial Challenge With Methacholine
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Change in Allergen-specific Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and Ig4 Levels Compared to Before Treatment
Time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Sep 2020.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 26706294Patterson AM, Bonny AE, Shiels WE 2nd, Erwin EA. Three-injection intralymphatic immunotherapy in adolescents and young adults with grass pollen rhinoconjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016 Feb;116(2):168-70. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.11.010. Epub 2015 Dec 17. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 24035151Witten M, Malling HJ, Blom L, Poulsen BC, Poulsen LK. Is intralymphatic immunotherapy ready for clinical use in patients with grass pollen allergy? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Nov;132(5):1248-1252.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.033. Epub 2013 Sep 13. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 23374268Hylander T, Latif L, Petersson-Westin U, Cardell LO. Intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy: an effective and safe alternative treatment route for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Feb;131(2):412-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.056.
- Background: PubMed 22464647Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, Johansen P, Martinez-Gomez JM, Graf N, Steiner M, Hothorn LA, Gronlund H, Tivig C, Zaleska A, Soyer O, van Hage M, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Rose H, Kundig TM. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 May;129(5):1290-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.026. Epub 2012 Mar 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 26817454Hylander T, Larsson O, Petersson-Westin U, Eriksson M, Kumlien Georen S, Winqvist O, Cardell LO. Intralymphatic immunotherapy of pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Res. 2016 Jan 27;17:10. doi: 10.1186/s12931-016-0324-9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2/3 study testing ALK Alutard birch or 5-grasses and ALK diluent 0,3% human albumin in people with Rhinitis and Asthma, run by Karolinska Institutet.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 24 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Sep 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 28 Sep 2020). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Symptoms Score After Nasal Allergen Challenge (time frame: At inclusion (pre-treatment), 12 months after inclusion (after first pollen season) and for the active treated patients 24 months after inclusion (after the second pollen season).). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03394508, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Sep 2020.