Cesarean Section ComplicationsPhase 3NCT03414762
PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Obese Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery.
A Phase 3 study testing PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Standard Dressing in people with Cesarean Section Complications and Cesarean Wound; Dehiscence, run by Northwell Health at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
A randomized controlled, parallel group, superiority, open-label, single-institution, Phase 3 interventional clinical trial to evaluate clinical outcomes in obese gravidas undergoing elective cesarean delivery whose wounds were dressed with the PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) versus the standard dressing. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cesarean Section Complications, Cesarean Wound; Dehiscence, Cesarean Wound Disruption
- What is being tested?
- PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Standard Dressing
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 153 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2019to 30 Sep 2022
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Provision of signed and dated informed consent form
- Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study; willing and able to return for all scheduled and required study visits
- Female, aged 18 - 55 years
- BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 in the 42 days prior to surgery
- In good general health as evidenced by medical history with a 24 - 41 weeks gestational age pregnancy scheduled for cesarean delivery for any routine indication (repeat procedure, breech presentation, abnormal placentation, uterine anomaly, maternal medical condition, or elective)
- Surgical skin site preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate solution (ChloraPrep©)
Show all 12Show fewer
- Received preoperative surgical prophylaxis antibiotics as per protocol
- Surgical incision that can be covered completely by the NPWT skin system
- Pre-operatively assessed to undergo a procedure with a CDC Wound Classification of:
- Class I (Clean): An uninfected operative wound in which no inflammation is encountered and the respiratory, alimentary, genital, or uninfected urinary tract is not entered
- OR - b. Class II (Clean Contaminated): An operative wound in which the respiratory, alimentary, genital, or uninfected urinary tract are entered under controlled conditions and without unusual contamination
- Wound hemostasis has been achieved
Who cannot join
- Cesarean delivery before fetal viability (24 0/7 weeks gestational age)
- Unplanned Cesarean delivery
- Intrauterine fetal demise
- Known allergic reactions to components of the PICO NPWT system
- Systemic bacterial or fungal infection at the time of surgery
- Diagnosis of systemic or remote-site skin infections at time of delivery
Show all 16Show fewer
- Treatment with another investigational drug or other intervention within 7 days prior to cesarean delivery or 42 +/- 10 days after cesarean delivery
- Delivery for suspected intrauterine infection (defined as maternal fever plus one clinical criteria)
- Critical illness or immune-compromising disease (eg acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
- Chronic steroid use
- Pre-operatively assessed to have a CDC Wound Classification of:
- Class III (Contaminated): Open, fresh, accidental wounds, and/or major breaks in sterile technique or gross spillage from the gastrointestinal tract
- OR - Class IV (Dirty-Infected): Old traumatic wounds with retained devitalized tissue and those that involve existing clinical infection or perforated viscera
- High-risk for anesthesia (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] class P4 - P6)
- Intra-operative hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, disseminated-intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) or any other medical or surgical condition during the Cesarean section deemed by the investigator to pose a prohibitively high risk for surgical re-exploration
- Unable to speak or understand English, with no interpreter available.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Long Island Jewish Medical Center
New Hyde Park, New York, 11040
About this study
A randomized controlled, parallel group, superiority, open-label, single-institution, Phase 3 interventional clinical trial to evaluate clinical outcomes in obese gravidas undergoing elective cesarean delivery whose wounds were dressed with the PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) versus the standard dressing. We hypothesize that the PICO NPWT will reduce the incidence of surgical site occurrences and interventions and postoperative readmissions in obese women. The study will compare surgical site occurrences and surgical incision intervention incidence within 42 +/- 10 days post cesarean delivery in obese women who have the current standard-of-care dressing versus the PICO NPWT.
- Being tested
- PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy, Standard Dressing
- Keywords
- cesarean section, negative-pressure wound therapy, surgical wound dehiscence, hospital readmission, surgical site infection
- Medical subject headings
- Surgical Wound Dehiscence, Surgical Wound Infection
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PICO Negative Pressure Wound TherapyDevice
Also called PICO Dressing
The PICO unit is a single patient use, battery-powered, disposable unit that can provide continuous 80 - 125 mmHg negative pressure over a 5 to 7-day therapy period.The dressing is applied to the wound and extra strips are placed over the outside edge to help hold the dressing in place. When the pump is turned on, air is pulled out of the dressing and excess fluid from the wound will start to enter the dressing.
Standard DressingDevice
The standard-of-care is consistent with the national standard for dressing Cesarean section incisions and includes, but not limited to, coverage of the sutured incision with sterile gauze and non-penetrable barrier (e.g., Tegaderm™). The non-penetrable barrier may be left in place for a minimum of 1 day and no longer than 2 days (± 4 hours) to promote epithelialization of the surgical incision edges. After the dressing is removed, the surgical site is left exposed to air to promote further healing
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| PICO Dressing | Experimental | PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Smith and Nephew Healthcare, Hull, United Kingdom) is a non-significant-risk, FDA Class II, medical device commercially available in the USA. The PICO unit is a single patient use, battery-powered, disposable unit that can provide continuous 80 - 125 mmHg negative pressure over a 5 to 7-day therapy period. Receives: Device: PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy |
| Standard Dressing | Active comparator | The standard-of-care is consistent with the national standard for dressing Cesarean section incisions and includes, but not limited to, coverage of the sutured incision with sterile gauze and non-penetrable barrier (e.g., Tegaderm™). The non-penetrable barrier may be left in place for a minimum of 1 day and no longer than 2 days (± 4 hours) to promote epithelialization of the surgical incision edges. After the dressing is removed, the surgical site is left exposed to air to promote further healing. Receives: Device: Standard Dressing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Surgical Site Occurrence
The incidence of postoperative Surgical Site Occurrences (SSOs) up to Day 42 (+/- 10 Days) post Cesarean Section.The incidence of postoperative surgical site occurrences (SSOs) post Cesarean delivery. SSOs include:
- Unanticipated local inflammatory response
- Prolonged drainage
- Fluid collection
- Dehiscence
- Surgical site infection (SSI)
Measured: 42 days
Secondary outcomes (1)
Surgical Incision Intervention
Incidence rate of surgical incision intervention (SII) post Cesarean delivery.
Interventions include:
- - Antimicrobials for surgical site infection
- - Surgical drainage of the incision
- - Surgical incision packing
- - Adjunctive negative pressure therapy
- - Debridement
- - Re-operation
Measured: 42 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jan 2018
- Study start1 Apr 2019
- Primary completion30 Sep 2022
- Study completion30 Sep 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cesarean Section ComplicationsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Northwell HealthThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 153 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Northwell Health
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Gary Goldberg, MD, Study chair, Long Island Jewish Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03414762
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 17-0843
- Status last verified
- Feb 2024
- First submitted
- 23 Jan 2018
- Last updated
- 29 Feb 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Acosta S, Bjorck M, Wanhainen A. Negative-pressure wound therapy for prevention and treatment of surgical-site infections after vascular surgery. Br J Surg. 2017 Jan;104(2):e75-e84. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10403. Epub 2016 Nov 30.
PubMed 27901277ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 120: Use of prophylactic antibiotics in labor and delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;117(6):1472-1483. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182238c31. No abstract available.
PubMed 21606770Bilgi A, Zumrut Biber Muftuler F, Akman L, Ilker Medine E, Tonbaklar Bilgi P, Kozgus Guldu O, Goksun Gokulu S, Tekin V, Cosan Terek M. In Vitro Determination of Wound Healing Potential of Axonge. Wounds. 2017 Jul;29(7):209-214.
PubMed 28759428Echebiri NC, McDoom MM, Aalto MM, Fauntleroy J, Nagappan N, Barnabei VM. Prophylactic use of negative pressure wound therapy after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Feb;125(2):299-307. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000634.
PubMed 25569006Gillespie BM. Prophylactic Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy After Cesarean Delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jul;126(1):214. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000937. No abstract available.
PubMed 26241279Grauhan O, Navasardyan A, Hofmann M, Muller P, Stein J, Hetzer R. Prevention of poststernotomy wound infections in obese patients by negative pressure wound therapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013 May;145(5):1387-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.040. Epub 2012 Oct 27.
PubMed 23111014Leth RA, Uldbjerg N, Norgaard M, Moller JK, Thomsen RW. Obesity, diabetes, and the risk of infections diagnosed in hospital and post-discharge infections after cesarean section: a prospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011 May;90(5):501-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01090.x. Epub 2011 Mar 14.
PubMed 21306347Olsen MA, Butler AM, Willers DM, Devkota P, Gross GA, Fraser VJ. Risk factors for surgical site infection after low transverse cesarean section. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Jun;29(6):477-84; discussion 485-6. doi: 10.1086/587810.
PubMed 18510455O'Leary DP, Peirce C, Anglim B, Burton M, Concannon E, Carter M, Hickey K, Coffey JC. Prophylactic Negative Pressure Dressing Use in Closed Laparotomy Wounds Following Abdominal Operations: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Trial: The P.I.C.O. Trial. Ann Surg. 2017 Jun;265(6):1082-1086. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002098.
PubMed 27926575Searle RJ, Myers D. A survey of caesarean section surgical site infections with PICO Single Use Negative Pressure Wound Therapy System in high-risk patients in England and Ireland. J Hosp Infect. 2017 Oct;97(2):122-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.02.023. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
PubMed 28807639Smid MC, Dotters-Katz SK, Grace M, Wright ST, Villers MS, Hardy-Fairbanks A, Stamilio DM. Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Obese Women After Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Nov;130(5):969-978. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002259.
PubMed 29016508Strugala V, Martin R. Meta-Analysis of Comparative Trials Evaluating a Prophylactic Single-Use Negative Pressure Wound Therapy System for the Prevention of Surgical Site Complications. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017 Oct;18(7):810-819. doi: 10.1089/sur.2017.156. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
PubMed 28885895Yu L, Kronen RJ, Simon LE, Stoll CRT, Colditz GA, Tuuli MG. Prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy after cesarean is associated with reduced risk of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Feb;218(2):200-210.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.09.017. Epub 2017 Sep 23.
PubMed 28951263
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Feb 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Obese Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03414762
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 17-0843
- Keywords
- cesarean section, negative-pressure wound therapy, surgical wound dehiscence, hospital readmission, surgical site infection
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 153 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Northwell HealthUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A randomized controlled, parallel group, superiority, open-label, single-institution, Phase 3 interventional clinical trial to evaluate clinical outcomes in obese gravidas undergoing elective cesarean delivery whose wounds were dressed with the PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) versus the standard dressing. We hypothesize that the PICO NPWT will reduce the incidence of surgical site occurrences and interventions and postoperative readmissions in obese women. The study will compare surgical site occurrences and surgical incision intervention incidence within 42 +/- 10 days post cesarean delivery in obese women who have the current standard-of-care dressing versus the PICO NPWT.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| PICO Dressing | Experimental | Device: PICO Negative Pressure Wound TherapyPICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Smith and Nephew Healthcare, Hull, United Kingdom) is a non-significant-risk, FDA Class II, medical device commercially available in the USA. The PICO unit is a single patient use, battery-powered, disposable unit that can provide continuous 80 - 125 mmHg negative pressure over a 5 to 7-day therapy period. |
| Standard Dressing | Active comparator | Device: Standard DressingThe standard-of-care is consistent with the national standard for dressing Cesarean section incisions and includes, but not limited to, coverage of the sutured incision with sterile gauze and non-penetrable barrier (e.g., Tegaderm™). The non-penetrable barrier may be left in place for a minimum of 1 day and no longer than 2 days (± 4 hours) to promote epithelialization of the surgical incision edges. After the dressing is removed, the surgical site is left exposed to air to promote further healing. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Provision of signed and dated informed consent form
- Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study; willing and able to return for all scheduled and required study visits
- Female, aged 18 - 55 years
- BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 in the 42 days prior to surgery
- In good general health as evidenced by medical history with a 24 - 41 weeks gestational age pregnancy scheduled for cesarean delivery for any routine indication (repeat procedure, breech presentation, abnormal placentation, uterine anomaly, maternal medical condition, or elective)
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Cesarean delivery before fetal viability (24 0/7 weeks gestational age)
- Unplanned Cesarean delivery
- Intrauterine fetal demise
- Known allergic reactions to components of the PICO NPWT system
- Systemic bacterial or fungal infection at the time of surgery
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PICO Negative Pressure Wound TherapyAlso: PICO DressingThe PICO unit is a single patient use, battery-powered, disposable unit that can provide continuous 80 - 125 mmHg negative pressure over a 5 to 7-day therapy period.The dressing is applied to the wound and extra strips are placed over the outside edge to help hold the dressing in place. When the pump is turned on, air is pulled out of the dressing and excess fluid from the wound will start to enter the dressing. | Device | PICO Dressing |
| Standard DressingThe standard-of-care is consistent with the national standard for dressing Cesarean section incisions and includes, but not limited to, coverage of the sutured incision with sterile gauze and non-penetrable barrier (e.g., Tegaderm™). The non-penetrable barrier may be left in place for a minimum of 1 day and no longer than 2 days (± 4 hours) to promote epithelialization of the surgical incision edges. After the dressing is removed, the surgical site is left exposed to air to promote further healing | Device | Standard Dressing |
Primary outcome
Surgical Site Occurrence
Time frame: 42 days
The incidence of postoperative Surgical Site Occurrences (SSOs) up to Day 42 (+/- 10 Days) post Cesarean Section.The incidence of postoperative surgical site occurrences (SSOs) post Cesarean delivery. SSOs include: * Unanticipated local inflammatory response * Prolonged drainage * Fluid collection * Dehiscence * Surgical site infection (SSI)
1 secondary outcome
Surgical Incision Intervention
Time frame: 42 days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Feb 2024.
- Background: PubMed 27901277Acosta S, Bjorck M, Wanhainen A. Negative-pressure wound therapy for prevention and treatment of surgical-site infections after vascular surgery. Br J Surg. 2017 Jan;104(2):e75-e84. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10403. Epub 2016 Nov 30.
- Background: PubMed 21606770ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 120: Use of prophylactic antibiotics in labor and delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;117(6):1472-1483. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182238c31. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 28759428Bilgi A, Zumrut Biber Muftuler F, Akman L, Ilker Medine E, Tonbaklar Bilgi P, Kozgus Guldu O, Goksun Gokulu S, Tekin V, Cosan Terek M. In Vitro Determination of Wound Healing Potential of Axonge. Wounds. 2017 Jul;29(7):209-214.
- Background: PubMed 25569006Echebiri NC, McDoom MM, Aalto MM, Fauntleroy J, Nagappan N, Barnabei VM. Prophylactic use of negative pressure wound therapy after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Feb;125(2):299-307. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000634.
- Background: PubMed 26241279Gillespie BM. Prophylactic Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy After Cesarean Delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jul;126(1):214. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000937. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 23111014Grauhan O, Navasardyan A, Hofmann M, Muller P, Stein J, Hetzer R. Prevention of poststernotomy wound infections in obese patients by negative pressure wound therapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013 May;145(5):1387-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.040. Epub 2012 Oct 27.
- Background: PubMed 21306347Leth RA, Uldbjerg N, Norgaard M, Moller JK, Thomsen RW. Obesity, diabetes, and the risk of infections diagnosed in hospital and post-discharge infections after cesarean section: a prospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011 May;90(5):501-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01090.x. Epub 2011 Mar 14.
- Background: PubMed 18510455Olsen MA, Butler AM, Willers DM, Devkota P, Gross GA, Fraser VJ. Risk factors for surgical site infection after low transverse cesarean section. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Jun;29(6):477-84; discussion 485-6. doi: 10.1086/587810.
- Background: PubMed 27926575O'Leary DP, Peirce C, Anglim B, Burton M, Concannon E, Carter M, Hickey K, Coffey JC. Prophylactic Negative Pressure Dressing Use in Closed Laparotomy Wounds Following Abdominal Operations: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Trial: The P.I.C.O. Trial. Ann Surg. 2017 Jun;265(6):1082-1086. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002098.
- Background: PubMed 28807639Searle RJ, Myers D. A survey of caesarean section surgical site infections with PICO Single Use Negative Pressure Wound Therapy System in high-risk patients in England and Ireland. J Hosp Infect. 2017 Oct;97(2):122-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.02.023. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
- Background: PubMed 29016508Smid MC, Dotters-Katz SK, Grace M, Wright ST, Villers MS, Hardy-Fairbanks A, Stamilio DM. Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Obese Women After Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Nov;130(5):969-978. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002259.
- Background: PubMed 28885895Strugala V, Martin R. Meta-Analysis of Comparative Trials Evaluating a Prophylactic Single-Use Negative Pressure Wound Therapy System for the Prevention of Surgical Site Complications. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017 Oct;18(7):810-819. doi: 10.1089/sur.2017.156. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Surgical Site Infection
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gary Goldberg, MD study chair
Long Island Jewish Medical Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing PICO Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Standard Dressing in people with Cesarean Section Complications and Cesarean Wound; Dehiscence, run by Northwell Health at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Feb 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Surgical Site Occurrence (time frame: 42 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03414762, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Feb 2024.