Post Thoracotomy PainNCT03415191
The Pre-Emptive Administration Of Ketamine for Controlling Post-thoracotomy Pain
A study testing Ketamine and Normal Saline in people with Post Thoracotomy Pain, run by University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether the pre-emptive administration of Ketamine would potentiate the effect of intravenous morphine analgesia in management of post thoracotomy pain. This was a single center, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, prospective study. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Post Thoracotomy Pain
- What is being tested?
- Ketamine and Normal Saline
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 5 Jan 2012to 1 Feb 2015
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- aged more than 18 years old,
- planned for an elective partial pneumonectomy (partial or total lobectomy involving one or more lobes, except total pneumonectomy)
- standard lateral thoracotomy for management of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Who cannot join
- allergy to Ketamine
- ASA score more than 3
- previous thoracic surgical procedures or lung resection
- mental disease
- participation to other studies
- lack of written informed consent.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Is The Pre-Emptive Administration Of Ketamine A Significant Adjunction To Intravenous Morphine Analgesia For Controlling Post-Operative Pain? A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether the pre-emptive administration of Ketamine would potentiate the effect of intravenous morphine analgesia in management of post thoracotomy pain. This was a single center, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg/kg ketamine (Ketamine Group) or an equivalent dose of normal saline (Placebo Group) before thoracotomy in 1:1 ratio. All patients received postoperatively intravenous morphine administration as additional analgesic regimen Primary end-point was pain relief measured with Visual Analogue Scale at rest. The secondary end-points were the reduction of inflammatory response expressed by plasma c-reactive protein levels, the morphine consumption, and the rate of side effects. The measurements were carried out 6; 12; 24; 36; and 48 post operative hours.
Read the detailed description
Thoracotomy is one of the most painful surgical incision. Inadequate control of pain can have several detrimental effects, including increased postoperative morbidity and delayed recovery as well as occurrence of post thoracotomy syndrome. Therefore, choosing an effectiveness analgesic regimen for thoracic surgery is critical. Many strategies including intercostal nerve block, intra pleural analgesia, lumbar or thoracic epidural, paravertebral block, intra venous narcotics, intrathecal or epidural narcotics or trans-cutaneous nerve stimulation have been used with varied success. However, the ideal strategy remains an open issue. Different factors including trauma of chest wall, thoracic viscera, diaphragm, and intercostal nerves concur to thoracotomy pain development. Thus, due to multifactorial genesis of pain following thoracotomy a multimodal analgesic approach rather than a single method seems to be more effective because it blocks noxious input at different targets and levels of pain pathways.
Ketamine is an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor that not only abolishes peripheral afferent noxious stimulation, but it may also prevent central sensitization of nociceptors as shown in animal studies. In thoracic surgery, there are contradictory results on the efficacy of ketamine for controlling pain due to different dose, type of surgery/patient, and postoperative analgesic regimen used in the various studies. Mathew et al. in a recent review concluded that adding low-dose ketamine to intravenous morphine analgesia following thoracotomy was safe and could provide a significant better pain relief and reduction of morphine consumption compared to placebo. D'Alonzo et al. found that the administration of a single dose of ketamine prior to chest incision failed to significantly reduce the pain scores and inflammation in the first 24 post-operative hours. Similarly, Yazigi et al. reported that pre-emptive intravenous low-dose ketamine followed by continuous administration during surgery did not decrease acute pain scores and supplemental morphine consumption. Other studies reported that the epidural infusion of Ketamine before thoracotomy or during thoracic surgery provides better postoperative analgesia compared to placebo group or epidural ropivacaine group In the present study, the investigators supposed that the pre-emptive administration of Ketamine would potentiate the effect of intravenous opioid analgesia with reduction of pain scores, inflammatory response and morphine consumption without increasing morbidity in patients undergoing thoracotomy.
This was a single center, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg/kg ketamine (Ketamine Group) or an equivalent dose of normal saline (Placebo Group) before thoracotomy in 1:1 ratio. All patients received postoperatively intravenous morphine administration as additional analgesic regimen Primary end-point was pain relief measured with Visual Analogue Scale at rest. The secondary end-points were the reduction of inflammatory response expressed by plasma c-reactive protein levels, the morphine consumption, and the rate of side effects. The measurements were carried out 6; 12; 24; 36; and 48 post operative hours.
- Conditions
- Post Thoracotomy Pain
- Being tested
- Ketamine, Normal Saline
- Keywords
- ketamine, post-thoracotomy pain, analgesia
- Medical subject headings
- Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
KetamineDrug
A bolus dose of ketamine 1 mg/kg intravenously five minutes before surgical incision
Normal SalineDrug
A bolus dose of normal saline 1 mg/kg intravenously five minutes before surgical incision
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Ketamine Group | Experimental | Five minutes before thoracotomy incision, Ketamine Group received a bolus dose of ketamine 1 mg/kg intravenously Receives: Drug: Ketamine |
| Placebo Group | Placebo comparator | Five minutes before thoracotomy incision, Placebo Group received a bolus dose of normal saline 1 mg/kg intravenously Receives: Drug: Normal Saline |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change From Baseline in Pain Scores on the Visual Analog Scale at 48 hours
The primary end-point was to evaluate whether ketamine was able to reduce the postoperative pain at the first 48 post-operative hours, compared to placebo. The pain levels were scored using a Visual Analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0=absence of pain to 10= maximal level of pain.
Measured: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours after suregry
Secondary outcomes (3)
Change From Baseline in c-Reactive Protein (CRP) serum levels at 48 hours
The inflammatory response was represented by the measurements of c-Reactive Protein (CRP) serum levels in both arms
Measured: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours following surgery.
Change From Baseline in morphine consumption at 48 hours
Cumulative dose of morphine consumption (in mg) was registered in post-operative course
Measured: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours of postoperative course.
Indicence of clinical adverse effect in the entire post operative course
blurred vision, hallucination, nightmares, vertigo, or nausea and vomiting
Measured: entire post-operative course
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jan 2018
- Study start5 Jan 2012
- Primary completion21 Dec 2014
- Study completion1 Feb 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Post Thoracotomy PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This was a single center, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to Ketamine or Placebo group in 1:1 ratio and no changes to methods after trial commencement as type of randomization or eligibility criteria were attended.
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Alfonso Fiorelli, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
- Investigators
- Alfonso Fiorelli, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03415191
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 513/12
- Status last verified
- Jan 2018
- First submitted
- 15 Jan 2018
- Last updated
- 30 Jan 2018
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Romero A, Garcia JE, Joshi GP. The state of the art in preventing postthoracotomy pain. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013 Summer;25(2):116-24. doi: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2013.04.002.
PubMed 24216528Fiorelli A, Vicidomini G, Laperuta P, Busiello L, Perrone A, Napolitano F, Messina G, Santini M. Pre-emptive local analgesia in video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010 Mar;37(3):588-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.07.040. Epub 2009 Sep 12.
PubMed 19748277Burton AW, Lee DH, Saab C, Chung JM. Preemptive intrathecal ketamine injection produces a long-lasting decrease in neuropathic pain behaviors in a rat model. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999 May-Jun;24(3):208-13. doi: 10.1016/s1098-7339(99)90129-3.
PubMed 10338169Lee IO, Lee IH. Systemic, but not intrathecal, ketamine produces preemptive analgesia in the rat formalin model. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin. 2001 Sep;39(3):123-7.
PubMed 11688102Mathews TJ, Churchhouse AM, Housden T, Dunning J. Does adding ketamine to morphine patient-controlled analgesia safely improve post-thoracotomy pain? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012 Feb;14(2):194-9. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivr081. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
PubMed 22159259Joseph C, Gaillat F, Duponq R, Lieven R, Baumstarck K, Thomas P, Penot-Ragon C, Kerbaul F. Is there any benefit to adding intravenous ketamine to patient-controlled epidural analgesia after thoracic surgery? A randomized double-blind study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012 Oct;42(4):e58-65. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs398. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
PubMed 22790008Tena B, Gomar C, Rios J. Perioperative epidural or intravenous ketamine does not improve the effectiveness of thoracic epidural analgesia for acute and chronic pain after thoracotomy. Clin J Pain. 2014 Jun;30(6):490-500. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000005.
PubMed 24281290D'Alonzo RC, Bennett-Guerrero E, Podgoreanu M, D'Amico TA, Harpole DH, Shaw AD. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of the preoperative use of ketamine for reducing inflammation and pain after thoracic surgery. J Anesth. 2011 Oct;25(5):672-8. doi: 10.1007/s00540-011-1206-4. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
PubMed 21809148Yazigi A, Abou-Zeid H, Srouji T, Madi-Jebara S, Haddad F, Jabbour K. The effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine on continuous intercostal analgesia following thoracotomy. Ann Card Anaesth. 2012 Jan-Mar;15(1):32-8. doi: 10.4103/0971-9784.91479.
PubMed 22234019Suzuki M, Haraguti S, Sugimoto K, Kikutani T, Shimada Y, Sakamoto A. Low-dose intravenous ketamine potentiates epidural analgesia after thoracotomy. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jul;105(1):111-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200607000-00020.
PubMed 16810002Feltracco P, Barbieri S, Rizzi S, Ori C, Groppa F, De Rosa G, Frigo AC, Padrini R. Brief report: perioperative analgesic efficacy and plasma concentrations of S+ -ketamine in continuous epidural infusion during thoracic surgery. Anesth Analg. 2013 Jun;116(6):1371-5. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828cbaf0. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
PubMed 23558843
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Jan 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Is The Pre-Emptive Administration Of Ketamine A Significant Adjunction To Intravenous Morphine Analgesia For Controlling Post-Operative Pain? A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03415191
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 513/12
- Conditions
- Post Thoracotomy Pain
- Keywords
- ketamine, post-thoracotomy pain, analgesia
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Jan 2012 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Dec 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether the pre-emptive administration of Ketamine would potentiate the effect of intravenous morphine analgesia in management of post thoracotomy pain. This was a single center, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg/kg ketamine (Ketamine Group) or an equivalent dose of normal saline (Placebo Group) before thoracotomy in 1:1 ratio. All patients received postoperatively intravenous morphine administration as additional analgesic regimen Primary end-point was pain relief measured with Visual Analogue Scale at rest. The secondary end-points were the reduction of inflammatory response expressed by plasma c-reactive protein levels, the morphine consumption, and the rate of side effects. The measurements were carried out 6; 12; 24; 36; and 48 post operative hours.
Detailed description
Thoracotomy is one of the most painful surgical incision. Inadequate control of pain can have several detrimental effects, including increased postoperative morbidity and delayed recovery as well as occurrence of post thoracotomy syndrome. Therefore, choosing an effectiveness analgesic regimen for thoracic surgery is critical. Many strategies including intercostal nerve block, intra pleural analgesia, lumbar or thoracic epidural, paravertebral block, intra venous narcotics, intrathecal or epidural narcotics or trans-cutaneous nerve stimulation have been used with varied success. However, the ideal strategy remains an open issue. Different factors including trauma of chest wall, thoracic viscera, diaphragm, and intercostal nerves concur to thoracotomy pain development. Thus, due to multifactorial genesis of pain following thoracotomy a multimodal analgesic approach rather than a single method seems to be more effective because it blocks noxious input at different targets and levels of pain pathways.
Ketamine is an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor that not only abolishes peripheral afferent noxious stimulation, but it may also prevent central sensitization of nociceptors as shown in animal studies. In thoracic surgery, there are contradictory results on the efficacy of ketamine for controlling pain due to different dose, type of surgery/patient, and postoperative analgesic regimen used in the various studies. Mathew et al. in a recent review concluded that adding low-dose ketamine to intravenous morphine analgesia following thoracotomy was safe and could provide a significant better pain relief and reduction of morphine consumption compared to placebo. D'Alonzo et al. found that the administration of a single dose of ketamine prior to chest incision failed to significantly reduce the pain scores and inflammation in the first 24 post-operative hours. Similarly, Yazigi et al. reported that pre-emptive intravenous low-dose ketamine followed by continuous administration during surgery did not decrease acute pain scores and supplemental morphine consumption. Other studies reported that the epidural infusion of Ketamine before thoracotomy or during thoracic surgery provides better postoperative analgesia compared to placebo group or epidural ropivacaine group In the present study, the investigators supposed that the pre-emptive administration of Ketamine would potentiate the effect of intravenous opioid analgesia with reduction of pain scores, inflammatory response and morphine consumption without increasing morbidity in patients undergoing thoracotomy.
This was a single center, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg/kg ketamine (Ketamine Group) or an equivalent dose of normal saline (Placebo Group) before thoracotomy in 1:1 ratio. All patients received postoperatively intravenous morphine administration as additional analgesic regimen Primary end-point was pain relief measured with Visual Analogue Scale at rest. The secondary end-points were the reduction of inflammatory response expressed by plasma c-reactive protein levels, the morphine consumption, and the rate of side effects. The measurements were carried out 6; 12; 24; 36; and 48 post operative hours.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This was a single center, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to Ketamine or Placebo group in 1:1 ratio and no changes to methods after trial commencement as type of randomization or eligibility criteria were attended.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Ketamine Group | Experimental | Drug: KetamineFive minutes before thoracotomy incision, Ketamine Group received a bolus dose of ketamine 1 mg/kg intravenously |
| Placebo Group | Placebo comparator | Drug: Normal SalineFive minutes before thoracotomy incision, Placebo Group received a bolus dose of normal saline 1 mg/kg intravenously |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- aged more than 18 years old,
- planned for an elective partial pneumonectomy (partial or total lobectomy involving one or more lobes, except total pneumonectomy)
- standard lateral thoracotomy for management of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- allergy to Ketamine
- ASA score more than 3
- previous thoracic surgical procedures or lung resection
- mental disease
- participation to other studies
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| KetamineA bolus dose of ketamine 1 mg/kg intravenously five minutes before surgical incision | Drug | Ketamine Group |
| Normal SalineA bolus dose of normal saline 1 mg/kg intravenously five minutes before surgical incision | Drug | Placebo Group |
Primary outcome
Change From Baseline in Pain Scores on the Visual Analog Scale at 48 hours
Time frame: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours after suregry
The primary end-point was to evaluate whether ketamine was able to reduce the postoperative pain at the first 48 post-operative hours, compared to placebo. The pain levels were scored using a Visual Analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0=absence of pain to 10= maximal level of pain.
3 secondary outcomes
Change From Baseline in c-Reactive Protein (CRP) serum levels at 48 hours
Time frame: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours following surgery.
Change From Baseline in morphine consumption at 48 hours
Time frame: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours of postoperative course.
Indicence of clinical adverse effect in the entire post operative course
Time frame: entire post-operative course
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Jan 2018.
- Background: PubMed 24216528Romero A, Garcia JE, Joshi GP. The state of the art in preventing postthoracotomy pain. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013 Summer;25(2):116-24. doi: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2013.04.002.
- Background: PubMed 19748277Fiorelli A, Vicidomini G, Laperuta P, Busiello L, Perrone A, Napolitano F, Messina G, Santini M. Pre-emptive local analgesia in video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010 Mar;37(3):588-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.07.040. Epub 2009 Sep 12.
- Background: PubMed 10338169Burton AW, Lee DH, Saab C, Chung JM. Preemptive intrathecal ketamine injection produces a long-lasting decrease in neuropathic pain behaviors in a rat model. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999 May-Jun;24(3):208-13. doi: 10.1016/s1098-7339(99)90129-3.
- Background: PubMed 11688102Lee IO, Lee IH. Systemic, but not intrathecal, ketamine produces preemptive analgesia in the rat formalin model. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin. 2001 Sep;39(3):123-7.
- Background: PubMed 22159259Mathews TJ, Churchhouse AM, Housden T, Dunning J. Does adding ketamine to morphine patient-controlled analgesia safely improve post-thoracotomy pain? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012 Feb;14(2):194-9. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivr081. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
- Background: PubMed 22790008Joseph C, Gaillat F, Duponq R, Lieven R, Baumstarck K, Thomas P, Penot-Ragon C, Kerbaul F. Is there any benefit to adding intravenous ketamine to patient-controlled epidural analgesia after thoracic surgery? A randomized double-blind study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012 Oct;42(4):e58-65. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs398. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
- Background: PubMed 24281290Tena B, Gomar C, Rios J. Perioperative epidural or intravenous ketamine does not improve the effectiveness of thoracic epidural analgesia for acute and chronic pain after thoracotomy. Clin J Pain. 2014 Jun;30(6):490-500. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000005.
- Background: PubMed 21809148D'Alonzo RC, Bennett-Guerrero E, Podgoreanu M, D'Amico TA, Harpole DH, Shaw AD. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of the preoperative use of ketamine for reducing inflammation and pain after thoracic surgery. J Anesth. 2011 Oct;25(5):672-8. doi: 10.1007/s00540-011-1206-4. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
- Background: PubMed 22234019Yazigi A, Abou-Zeid H, Srouji T, Madi-Jebara S, Haddad F, Jabbour K. The effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine on continuous intercostal analgesia following thoracotomy. Ann Card Anaesth. 2012 Jan-Mar;15(1):32-8. doi: 10.4103/0971-9784.91479.
- Background: PubMed 16810002Suzuki M, Haraguti S, Sugimoto K, Kikutani T, Shimada Y, Sakamoto A. Low-dose intravenous ketamine potentiates epidural analgesia after thoracotomy. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jul;105(1):111-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200607000-00020.
- Background: PubMed 23558843Feltracco P, Barbieri S, Rizzi S, Ori C, Groppa F, De Rosa G, Frigo AC, Padrini R. Brief report: perioperative analgesic efficacy and plasma concentrations of S+ -ketamine in continuous epidural infusion during thoracic surgery. Anesth Analg. 2013 Jun;116(6):1371-5. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828cbaf0. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alfonso Fiorelli, MD, PhD principal investigator
University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Ketamine and Normal Saline in people with Post Thoracotomy Pain, run by University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Jan 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change From Baseline in Pain Scores on the Visual Analog Scale at 48 hours (time frame: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours after suregry). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03415191, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Jan 2018.