Coronary Artery DiseaseSYNTAXESNCT03417050

Synergy Between PCI With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery: SYNTAX Extended Survival

An observational study of Coronary Artery Disease, run by Erasmus Medical Center.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Trial summary

An investigator-driven, retrospective study to compare long-term survival-data (10-year follow-up) of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), previously enrolled in the SYNTAX trial, who were randomized to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a paclitaxel (TAXUS) drug-eluting-stent (DES) or coronary… Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 21 to 100 years
Conditions the study is for: Coronary Artery Disease
How many people: 2,636 participants
Where: No sites listed yet
Study dates: Dec 2016to 8 Aug 2019
Phase: Observational
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 21 to 100 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Study population: Patients enrolled in the SYNTAX trial and registries had to be diagnosed with three-vessel (3VD) or left main (LM) coronary artery disease. The vessels (diameter ≥1.5 mm and significant stenosis > 50%) deemed important to revascularize were determined by the Heart Team prior to randomization. The group of 3VD consists of patients with significant stenosis in vessels supplying all three major epicardial territories in absence of LM disease, as determined by the site investigators. The group of patients with LM disease consists of patients with a significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery, irrespective of additional vessel disease.

Patients which have previously been enrolled in the SYNTAX trial (randomized and registry patients)

About this study

Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease
Being tested: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.
Keywords: coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, drug eluting stent, survival status, long-term follow-up, complex coronary artery disease
Medical subject headings: Coronary Artery Disease

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.Other
No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.

Study groups in NCT03417050
Study group	Role	What they receive
Randomized CABG patients		Patients which were randomized to undergo CABG. Receives: Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.
Randomized PCI patients		Patients which were randomized to undergo PCI. Receives: Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.
Registry CABG		Patients for whom only one treatment option was suitable were included into a parallel, nested registry: the CABG registry for PCI-ineligible patients. Receives: Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.
Registry PCI		Patients for whom only one treatment option was suitable were included into a parallel, nested registry: the PCI registry for CABG-ineligible patients. Receives: Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Long-term survival status
All-cause death
Measured: 10-year

Secondary outcomes (1)

Cause of death
Cause-specific death, separated in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death with specific causes for cardiovascular deaths.
Measured: 10-year

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

Dec 20168 Aug 2019

First posted31 Jan 2018
Study startDec 2016
Primary completion8 Aug 2019
Study completion8 Aug 2019

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (57)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Coronary Artery DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by Erasmus Medical CenterThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Observational
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Retrospective
Enrolment: 2,636 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03417050
Sponsor's protocol ID: MEC-2016-716
Acronym: SYNTAXES
Status last verified: Jan 2020
First submitted: 25 Jan 2018
Last updated: 29 Jan 2020
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No

Publications

Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, Morice MC, Colombo A, Dawkins K, van den Brand M, Van Dyck N, Russell ME, Mohr FW, Serruys PW. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention. 2005 Aug;1(2):219-27. No abstract available.
PubMed 19758907
Kappetein AP, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Morice MC, Mack MJ, Russell ME, Pomar J, Serruys PW. Current percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting practices for three-vessel and left main coronary artery disease. Insights from the SYNTAX run-in phase. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Apr;29(4):486-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.01.047. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
PubMed 16497510
Ong AT, Serruys PW, Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Holmes DR Jr, Mack MJ, van den Brand M, Morel MA, van Es GA, Kleijne J, Koglin J, Russell ME. The SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) study: design, rationale, and run-in phase. Am Heart J. 2006 Jun;151(6):1194-204. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.07.017.
PubMed 16781219
Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, Stahle E, Feldman TE, van den Brand M, Bass EJ, Van Dyck N, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW; SYNTAX Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 5;360(10):961-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804626. Epub 2009 Feb 18.
PubMed 19228612
Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Garg S, Sarno G, van den Brand M, Kappetein AP, Van Dyck N, Mack M, Holmes D, Feldman T, Morice MC, Colombo A, Bass E, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, van Es GA, Morel MA, Mohr FW. Assessment of the SYNTAX score in the Syntax study. EuroIntervention. 2009 May;5(1):50-6. doi: 10.4244/eijv5i1a9.
PubMed 19577983
Banning AP, Westaby S, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Mohr FW, Berti S, Glauber M, Kellett MA, Kramer RS, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Serruys PW. Diabetic and nondiabetic patients with left main and/or 3-vessel coronary artery disease: comparison of outcomes with cardiac surgery and paclitaxel-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Mar 16;55(11):1067-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.057. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
PubMed 20079596
Girasis C, Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Colombo A, Holmes DR Jr, Feldman TE, Bass EJ, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Morice MC. 3-Dimensional bifurcation angle analysis in patients with left main disease: a substudy of the SYNTAX trial (SYNergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXus and Cardiac Surgery). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Jan;3(1):41-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.10.019.
PubMed 20129567
Garg S, Girasis C, Sarno G, Goedhart D, Morel MA, Garcia-Garcia HM, Bressers M, van Es GA, Serruys PW; SYNTAX trial investigators. The SYNTAX score revisited: a reassessment of the SYNTAX score reproducibility. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 May 1;75(6):946-52. doi: 10.1002/ccd.22372.
PubMed 20146321
Morice MC, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Stahle E, Colombo A, Mack MJ, Holmes DR, Torracca L, van Es GA, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr F. Outcomes in patients with de novo left main disease treated with either percutaneous coronary intervention using paclitaxel-eluting stents or coronary artery bypass graft treatment in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial. Circulation. 2010 Jun 22;121(24):2645-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.899211. Epub 2010 Jun 7.
PubMed 20530001
Mohr FW, Rastan AJ, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP, Holmes DR, Pomar JL, Westaby S, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mack MJ. Complex coronary anatomy in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: impact of complex coronary anatomy in modern bypass surgery? Lessons learned from the SYNTAX trial after two years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011 Jan;141(1):130-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.07.094.
PubMed 21168023
Cohen DJ, Lavelle TA, Van Hout B, Li H, Lei Y, Robertus K, Pinto D, Magnuson EA, Mcgarry TF, Lucas SK, Horwitz PA, Henry CA, Serruys PW, Mohr FW, Kappetein AP. Economic outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents versus bypass surgery for patients with left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease: one-year results from the SYNTAX trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012 Feb 1;79(2):198-209. doi: 10.1002/ccd.23147. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
PubMed 21542113
Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Mack MJ, Morice MC, Holmes DR, Stahle E, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Serruys PW, Colombo A. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of left main and/or three-vessel disease: 3-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial. Eur Heart J. 2011 Sep;32(17):2125-34. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr213. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
PubMed 21697170
Morice MC, Feldman TE, Mack MJ, Stahle E, Holmes DR, Colombo A, Morel MA, van den Brand M, Serruys PW, Mohr F, Carrie D, Fournial G, James S, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Kappetein AP. Angiographic outcomes following stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery of the left main coronary artery: fifteen-month outcomes from the synergy between PCI with TAXUS express and cardiac surgery left main angiographic substudy (SYNTAX-LE MANS). EuroIntervention. 2011 Oct 30;7(6):670-9. doi: 10.4244/EIJV7I6A109.
PubMed 21959312
Mack MJ, Banning AP, Serruys PW, Morice MC, Taeymans Y, Van Nooten G, Possati G, Crea F, Hood KL, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Kappetein AP. Bypass versus drug-eluting stents at three years in SYNTAX patients with diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011 Dec;92(6):2140-6. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.06.028. Epub 2011 Oct 2.
PubMed 21967819
Head SJ, Mack MJ, Holmes DR Jr, Mohr FW, Morice MC, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP. Incidence, predictors and outcomes of incomplete revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting: a subgroup analysis of 3-year SYNTAX data. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012 Mar;41(3):535-41. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezr105. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
PubMed 22219412

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

Official record

Not yet recruiting
Effect of Stress Ball Use During Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal After Coronary Angiography
Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal, Stress Ball
Active, not recruiting
Shockwave™ vs Surgical Endarterectomy for Calcified Severe Common Femoral Artery Stenosis: Comparison of Efficacy, Safety and Long-Term Outcomes
Common Femoral Artery Stenosis, Calcification; Heart
Not yet recruitingPhase 4
Roxadustat and Myocardial Injury After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
RecruitingObservational study
Preoperative Gastric Ultrasound and Left Ventricular Function in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Coronary Artery Disease, Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Active, not recruiting
The OCTOBER Trial - European Trial on Optical Coherence Tomography Optimized Bifurcation Event Reduction (OCTOBER)
Ischaemic Heart Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease

All Coronary Artery Disease trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jan 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Synergy Between PCI With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery: SYNTAX Extended Survival
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03417050
Acronym / sponsor ID: SYNTAXES / MEC-2016-716
Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease
Keywords: coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, drug eluting stent, survival status, long-term follow-up, complex coronary artery disease
Study type: Observational
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 2,636 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Erasmus Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: Dec 2016 (actual)
Primary completion: 8 Aug 2019 (actual)
Study completion: 8 Aug 2019 (actual)
First posted: 31 Jan 2018 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Study design

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Retrospective
Number of arms: 4

Arm	Type	Receives
Randomized CABG patients	–	Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.Patients which were randomized to undergo CABG.
Randomized PCI patients	–	Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.Patients which were randomized to undergo PCI.
Registry CABG	–	Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.Patients for whom only one treatment option was suitable were included into a parallel, nested registry: the CABG registry for PCI-ineligible patients.
Registry PCI	–	Other: No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.Patients for whom only one treatment option was suitable were included into a parallel, nested registry: the PCI registry for CABG-ineligible patients.

Who may qualify

Ages: 21 to 100 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients enrolled in the SYNTAX trial and registries had to be diagnosed with three-vessel (3VD) or left main (LM) coronary artery disease. The vessels (diameter ≥1.5 mm and significant stenosis > 50%) deemed important to revascularize were determined by the Heart Team prior to randomization. The group of 3VD consists of patients with significant stenosis in vessels supplying all three major epicardial territories in absence of LM disease, as determined by the site investigators. The group of patients with LM disease consists of patients with a significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery, irrespective of additional vessel disease.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.No intervention will take place for this retrospective and observational study.	Other	Randomized CABG patients, Randomized PCI patients, Registry CABG, Registry PCI

Primary outcome

Long-term survival status
Time frame: 10-year
All-cause death

1 secondary outcome

Cause of death
Time frame: 10-year

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jan 2020.
Background: PubMed 19758907Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, Morice MC, Colombo A, Dawkins K, van den Brand M, Van Dyck N, Russell ME, Mohr FW, Serruys PW. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention. 2005 Aug;1(2):219-27. No abstract available.
Background: PubMed 16497510Kappetein AP, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Morice MC, Mack MJ, Russell ME, Pomar J, Serruys PW. Current percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting practices for three-vessel and left main coronary artery disease. Insights from the SYNTAX run-in phase. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Apr;29(4):486-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.01.047. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
Background: PubMed 16781219Ong AT, Serruys PW, Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Holmes DR Jr, Mack MJ, van den Brand M, Morel MA, van Es GA, Kleijne J, Koglin J, Russell ME. The SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) study: design, rationale, and run-in phase. Am Heart J. 2006 Jun;151(6):1194-204. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.07.017.
Background: PubMed 19228612Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, Stahle E, Feldman TE, van den Brand M, Bass EJ, Van Dyck N, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW; SYNTAX Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 5;360(10):961-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804626. Epub 2009 Feb 18.
Background: PubMed 19577983Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Garg S, Sarno G, van den Brand M, Kappetein AP, Van Dyck N, Mack M, Holmes D, Feldman T, Morice MC, Colombo A, Bass E, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, van Es GA, Morel MA, Mohr FW. Assessment of the SYNTAX score in the Syntax study. EuroIntervention. 2009 May;5(1):50-6. doi: 10.4244/eijv5i1a9.
Background: PubMed 20079596Banning AP, Westaby S, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Mohr FW, Berti S, Glauber M, Kellett MA, Kramer RS, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Serruys PW. Diabetic and nondiabetic patients with left main and/or 3-vessel coronary artery disease: comparison of outcomes with cardiac surgery and paclitaxel-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Mar 16;55(11):1067-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.057. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
Background: PubMed 20129567Girasis C, Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Colombo A, Holmes DR Jr, Feldman TE, Bass EJ, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Morice MC. 3-Dimensional bifurcation angle analysis in patients with left main disease: a substudy of the SYNTAX trial (SYNergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXus and Cardiac Surgery). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Jan;3(1):41-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.10.019.
Background: PubMed 20146321Garg S, Girasis C, Sarno G, Goedhart D, Morel MA, Garcia-Garcia HM, Bressers M, van Es GA, Serruys PW; SYNTAX trial investigators. The SYNTAX score revisited: a reassessment of the SYNTAX score reproducibility. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 May 1;75(6):946-52. doi: 10.1002/ccd.22372.
Background: PubMed 20530001Morice MC, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Stahle E, Colombo A, Mack MJ, Holmes DR, Torracca L, van Es GA, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr F. Outcomes in patients with de novo left main disease treated with either percutaneous coronary intervention using paclitaxel-eluting stents or coronary artery bypass graft treatment in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial. Circulation. 2010 Jun 22;121(24):2645-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.899211. Epub 2010 Jun 7.
Background: PubMed 21168023Mohr FW, Rastan AJ, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP, Holmes DR, Pomar JL, Westaby S, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mack MJ. Complex coronary anatomy in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: impact of complex coronary anatomy in modern bypass surgery? Lessons learned from the SYNTAX trial after two years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011 Jan;141(1):130-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.07.094.
Background: PubMed 21542113Cohen DJ, Lavelle TA, Van Hout B, Li H, Lei Y, Robertus K, Pinto D, Magnuson EA, Mcgarry TF, Lucas SK, Horwitz PA, Henry CA, Serruys PW, Mohr FW, Kappetein AP. Economic outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents versus bypass surgery for patients with left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease: one-year results from the SYNTAX trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012 Feb 1;79(2):198-209. doi: 10.1002/ccd.23147. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
Background: PubMed 21697170Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Mack MJ, Morice MC, Holmes DR, Stahle E, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Serruys PW, Colombo A. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of left main and/or three-vessel disease: 3-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial. Eur Heart J. 2011 Sep;32(17):2125-34. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr213. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

Related trials for Coronary Artery Disease

Not yet recruiting
Effect of Stress Ball Use During Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal After Coronary Angiography
Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal, Stress Ball
Active, not recruiting
Shockwave™ vs Surgical Endarterectomy for Calcified Severe Common Femoral Artery Stenosis: Comparison of Efficacy, Safety and Long-Term Outcomes
Common Femoral Artery Stenosis, Calcification; Heart
Not yet recruitingPhase 4
Roxadustat and Myocardial Injury After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
RecruitingObservational study
Preoperative Gastric Ultrasound and Left Ventricular Function in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Coronary Artery Disease, Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Active, not recruiting
The OCTOBER Trial - European Trial on Optical Coherence Tomography Optimized Bifurcation Event Reduction (OCTOBER)
Ischaemic Heart Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease

Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

A. Pieter Kappetein, MD, PhD principal investigator

Erasmus Medical Center

Friedrick W. Mohr, MD, PhD principal investigator

German Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany

Patrick W.J.C. Serruys, MD, PhD principal investigator

Imperial College London

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Coronary Artery Disease, run by Erasmus Medical Center.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jan 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Long-term survival status (time frame: 10-year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03417050, which also lists 57 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jan 2020.