TonsillectomyPhase 4EXPCTNCT03420638
EXPAREL Post-tonsillectomy Clinical Trial
A Phase 4 study testing Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%) in people with Tonsillectomy, run by Paul Hoff at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the United States. The primary indications for tonsillectomy in the adult population include recurrent pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis, and obstructive pathology. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Tonsillectomy
- What is being tested?
- Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 38 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 15 Feb 2018to 31 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Scheduled to undergo bilateral palatine tonsillectomy as the only procedure
- Adults age 18 years and older.
Who cannot join
- Severe systemic disease that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
- Coagulation disorder that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
- Current or previous history of analgesic dependence
- Allergy to any of the drugs used in the study (bupivacaine)
- Women known to be pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or lactating
- Hearing impairment that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
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- Cardiovascular disease that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
- Impaired liver function that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
- Impaired renal function that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
- Unable to provide consent.
- Additional surgical procedures planned concurrently with palatine tonsillectomy.
- Planned use of topical or injected anesthetics other than those administered by the study within the two week follow up.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Recruiting
St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48106
Paul T Hoff, MD, 734-712-7509, Paul.Hoff@stjoeshealth.org
- Recruiting
Michigan Otolaryngology Surgery Associates
Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197
Paul T. Hoff, MD, 734-712-7509, Paul.Hoff@stjoeshealth.org
About this study
Official title: Randomized Clinical Trial Examining Use of Adjunct EXPAREL for Post-tonsillectomy Pain Management in Adults
Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the United States. The primary indications for tonsillectomy in the adult population include recurrent pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis, and obstructive pathology. Tonsillectomy is often associated with severe postoperative pain, which can result in prolonged poor oral intake, dehydration, and the need for high dose narcotics. In severely dehydrated patients, epithelial shedding and necrosis of soft tissues at the surgical site can lead to postoperative complications such as bleeding, delayed healing, and severe pain. The goal for this study is to explore the use of a long acting local anesthetic bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (Exparel) to manage pain experienced by adult patients after tonsillectomy
Read the detailed description
The proposed investigation will examine whether Exparel (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension 1.3%-13.3 mg/mL) when used as a post-excision adjunct to the standard of care bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/mL) with Epinephrine (5mcg/mL), will decrease the patient's post-tonsillectomy experience of pain intensity, especially for the first three days after surgery, and correspondingly reduce the requirement for pain medications and improve outcomes.
- Conditions
- Tonsillectomy
- Being tested
- Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%), Standard Care
- Keywords
- Adults, Pain
- Medical subject headings
- Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%)Drug
Also called Bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%
After removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side. Following the standard medication, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3% [13.3 mg/mL] i.m.) into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension 1.3% (13.3 mg/mL) on each side.
Standard CareOther
Also called Bupivacaine HCl with epinephrine
After removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/ mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Adjunct Exparel | Experimental | After removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side. Following the standard medication, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3% [13.3 mg/mL], i.m.) into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension on each side. Receives: Drug: Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%); Other: Standard Care |
| Standard Care | Other | After removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/ mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side. Receives: Other: Standard Care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in pain rating between post anesthesia care unit (PACU) baseline and designated post-operative days
Patient reported average and maximum pain rating over a 24-hour period using the St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor (SJMAA) standard visual analog 11 point pain rating scale. The minimum value of 0 indicates no pain and the maximum value of 10 indicates the worst possible pain. A higher value represent greater pain and a worse outcome. The baseline pain rating is the maximum rating from PACU on the day of surgery. Day-1 begins at 12:00 AM (after midnight) day of surgery and extends through 11:59 PM. Each following designated day will begin at 12:00 AM and extend through 11:59 PM.
Measured: Post-tonsillectomy Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change in total amount of prescribed narcotic pain medication taken between Day-1 and designated post-operative days
Patient reported amount of prescribed narcotic pain medication in mg. taken during a 24-hour period. Higher values represent greater amounts of narcotic pain medication consumed and a worse outcome. Day-1 begins at 12:00 AM (midnight after the day of surgery and extends through 11:59 PM. Day-2 and each following designated day will begin at 12:00 AM and will extend through 11:59 PM.
Measured: Post-tonsillectomy Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10
Change in the total amount of over the counter pain medication taken between Day-1 and designated post-operative days
Patient reported amount of over the counter pain medication taken in mg during a 24-hour period. Higher values represent greater amounts of over the counter pain medication consumed and a worse outcome. Day-1 begins at 12:00 AM (after midnight) day of surgery and will extend through 11:59 PM. Day-2 and each following designated day will begin at 12:00 AM and will extend through 11:59 PM.
Measured: Post-tonsillectomy Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Feb 2018
- Study start15 Feb 2018
- Primary completion31 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2021 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for TonsillectomyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized clinical trial
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Paul Hoff
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Paul Hoff, Trinity Health Michigan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03420638
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HSR-17-1714
- Acronym
- EXPCT
- Status last verified
- May 2021
- First submitted
- 17 Oct 2017
- Last updated
- 19 May 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
2. Marcaine™ [package insert]. Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; October 2011. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/022046s004lbl.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2017.
Bulbake U, Doppalapudi S, Kommineni N, Khan W. Liposomal Formulations in Clinical Use: An Updated Review. Pharmaceutics. 2017 Mar 27;9(2):12. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9020012.
PubMed 283463751. Exparel® [package insert]. Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA; 2015. https://www.exparel.com/sites/default/files/EXPAREL_Prescribing_Information.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2017.
Cullen KA, Hall MJ, Golosinskiy A. Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 2006. Natl Health Stat Report. 2009 Jan 28;(11):1-25.
PubMed 19294964Grainger J, Saravanappa N. Local anaesthetic for post-tonsillectomy pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2008 Oct;33(5):411-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01815.x.
PubMed 18983373Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ. Revisits and postoperative hemorrhage after adult tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope. 2014 Jul;124(7):1554-6. doi: 10.1002/lary.24541. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
PubMed 24281921Stelter K, Hiller J, Hempel JM, Berghaus A, Hagedorn H, Andratschke M, Canis M. Comparison of two different local anaesthetic infiltrations for postoperative pain relief in tonsillectomy: a prospective, randomised, double blind, clinical trial. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Jul;267(7):1129-34. doi: 10.1007/s00405-009-1200-8. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
PubMed 20069307Arikan OK, Ozcan S, Kazkayasi M, Akpinar S, Koc C. Preincisional infiltration of tonsils with ropivacaine in post-tonsillectomy pain relief: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intraindividual study. J Otolaryngol. 2006 Jun;35(3):167-72.
PubMed 16929992Diakos EA, Gallos ID, El-Shunnar S, Clarke M, Kazi R, Mehanna H. Dexamethasone reduces pain, vomiting and overall complications following tonsillectomy in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Otolaryngol. 2011 Dec;36(6):531-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2011.02373.x.
PubMed 2181294010. Tamm-Daniels, Inge. Liposomal Bupivacaine: What Is All The Fuss? University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, 5 Nov 2014-video Department of Anesthesiology grand Rounds https://videos.med.wisc.edu/videos/56752. Accessed July 10, 2017.
Tong YC, Kaye AD, Urman RD. Liposomal bupivacaine and clinical outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2014 Mar;28(1):15-27. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2014.02.001. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
PubMed 24815964
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 May 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Randomized Clinical Trial Examining Use of Adjunct EXPAREL for Post-tonsillectomy Pain Management in Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03420638
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EXPCT / HSR-17-1714
- Conditions
- Tonsillectomy
- Keywords
- Adults, Pain
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Paul HoffUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor
- Study start
- 15 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the United States. The primary indications for tonsillectomy in the adult population include recurrent pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis, and obstructive pathology. Tonsillectomy is often associated with severe postoperative pain, which can result in prolonged poor oral intake, dehydration, and the need for high dose narcotics. In severely dehydrated patients, epithelial shedding and necrosis of soft tissues at the surgical site can lead to postoperative complications such as bleeding, delayed healing, and severe pain. The goal for this study is to explore the use of a long acting local anesthetic bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (Exparel) to manage pain experienced by adult patients after tonsillectomy
Detailed description
The proposed investigation will examine whether Exparel (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension 1.3%-13.3 mg/mL) when used as a post-excision adjunct to the standard of care bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/mL) with Epinephrine (5mcg/mL), will decrease the patient's post-tonsillectomy experience of pain intensity, especially for the first three days after surgery, and correspondingly reduce the requirement for pain medications and improve outcomes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized clinical trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Adjunct Exparel | Experimental | Drug: Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%), Other: Standard CareAfter removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side. Following the standard medication, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3% [13.3 mg/mL], i.m.) into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension on each side. |
| Standard Care | Other | Other: Standard CareAfter removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/ mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Scheduled to undergo bilateral palatine tonsillectomy as the only procedure
- Adults age 18 years and older.
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Severe systemic disease that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
- Coagulation disorder that is clinically significant in the judgement of the investigator.
- Current or previous history of analgesic dependence
- Allergy to any of the drugs used in the study (bupivacaine)
- Women known to be pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or lactating
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%)Also: Bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%After removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side. Following the standard medication, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3% [13.3 mg/mL] i.m.) into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension 1.3% (13.3 mg/mL) on each side. | Drug | Adjunct Exparel |
| Standard CareAlso: Bupivacaine HCl with epinephrineAfter removal of the tonsils and before extubation, the principal investigator will infiltrate 0.5 mL of the standard of care medication-bupivacaine HCl 0.25% (2.5 mg/ mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) i.m.-into the upper and lower poles of the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars on the right and left side of the oropharynx for a volume of 2 mL of bupivacaine HCl on each side. | Other | Adjunct Exparel, Standard Care |
Primary outcome
Change in pain rating between post anesthesia care unit (PACU) baseline and designated post-operative days
Time frame: Post-tonsillectomy Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10
Patient reported average and maximum pain rating over a 24-hour period using the St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor (SJMAA) standard visual analog 11 point pain rating scale. The minimum value of 0 indicates no pain and the maximum value of 10 indicates the worst possible pain. A higher value represent greater pain and a worse outcome. The baseline pain rating is the maximum rating from PACU on the day of surgery. Day-1 begins at 12:00 AM (after midnight) day of surgery and extends through 11:59 PM. Each following designated day will begin at 12:00 AM and extend through 11:59 PM.
2 secondary outcomes
Change in total amount of prescribed narcotic pain medication taken between Day-1 and designated post-operative days
Time frame: Post-tonsillectomy Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10
Change in the total amount of over the counter pain medication taken between Day-1 and designated post-operative days
Time frame: Post-tonsillectomy Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 May 2021.
- Background2. Marcaine™ [package insert]. Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; October 2011. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/022046s004lbl.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2017.
- Background: PubMed 28346375Bulbake U, Doppalapudi S, Kommineni N, Khan W. Liposomal Formulations in Clinical Use: An Updated Review. Pharmaceutics. 2017 Mar 27;9(2):12. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9020012.
- Results publication1. Exparel® [package insert]. Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA; 2015. https://www.exparel.com/sites/default/files/EXPAREL_Prescribing_Information.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2017.
- Results publication: PubMed 19294964Cullen KA, Hall MJ, Golosinskiy A. Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 2006. Natl Health Stat Report. 2009 Jan 28;(11):1-25.
- Results publication: PubMed 18983373Grainger J, Saravanappa N. Local anaesthetic for post-tonsillectomy pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2008 Oct;33(5):411-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01815.x.
- Results publication: PubMed 24281921Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ. Revisits and postoperative hemorrhage after adult tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope. 2014 Jul;124(7):1554-6. doi: 10.1002/lary.24541. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
- Results publication: PubMed 20069307Stelter K, Hiller J, Hempel JM, Berghaus A, Hagedorn H, Andratschke M, Canis M. Comparison of two different local anaesthetic infiltrations for postoperative pain relief in tonsillectomy: a prospective, randomised, double blind, clinical trial. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Jul;267(7):1129-34. doi: 10.1007/s00405-009-1200-8. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 16929992Arikan OK, Ozcan S, Kazkayasi M, Akpinar S, Koc C. Preincisional infiltration of tonsils with ropivacaine in post-tonsillectomy pain relief: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intraindividual study. J Otolaryngol. 2006 Jun;35(3):167-72.
- Results publication: PubMed 21812940Diakos EA, Gallos ID, El-Shunnar S, Clarke M, Kazi R, Mehanna H. Dexamethasone reduces pain, vomiting and overall complications following tonsillectomy in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Otolaryngol. 2011 Dec;36(6):531-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2011.02373.x.
- Results publication10. Tamm-Daniels, Inge. Liposomal Bupivacaine: What Is All The Fuss? University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, 5 Nov 2014-video Department of Anesthesiology grand Rounds https://videos.med.wisc.edu/videos/56752. Accessed July 10, 2017.
- Results publication: PubMed 24815964Tong YC, Kaye AD, Urman RD. Liposomal bupivacaine and clinical outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2014 Mar;28(1):15-27. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2014.02.001. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Adjunct Exparel (bupivacaine liposome suspension 1.3%) in people with Tonsillectomy, run by Paul Hoff at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 May 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Paul T Hoff, MD (734-712-7509, Paul.Hoff@stjoeshealth.org), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in pain rating between post anesthesia care unit (PACU) baseline and designated post-operative days (time frame: Post-tonsillectomy Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03420638, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 May 2021.