Medication AdherencemDOTNCT03427008
A Pilot Study of mDOT for Immunosuppressant Adherence in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients
A study testing mHealth Intervention in people with Medication Adherence and Transplant; Kidney, run by Johns Hopkins University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The investigators are interested in whether or not the use of a mobile health (mHealth) application increases the rate of immunosuppression medication adherence among adult kidney transplant recipients. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 22 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Medication Adherence, Transplant; Kidney
- What is being tested?
- mHealth Intervention
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 30 Sep 2018to 12 Nov 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 22 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults (≥22 years)
- Receive a kidney transplant at the Johns Hopkins Hospital
Who cannot join
- Non-English speaking participants
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: mDOT: A Pilot Study of Video Directly Observed Therapy for Immunosuppressant Adherence in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients
The investigators are interested in whether or not the use of a mobile health (mHealth) application increases the rate of immunosuppression medication adherence among adult kidney transplant recipients. The investigators aim to test this by randomly assigning transplant recipients to the intervention (use of an mHealth app to manage and track their immunosuppression regimen) or control arm (standard of care) upon discharge from their initial transplant hospitalization, and tracking medication adherence over time. The study population will be approximately 50 adult kidney transplant recipients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Read the detailed description
In adult kidney transplant recipients, the leading predictor of rejection, kidney loss, and death is immunosuppressive medication nonadherence. An estimated one-third of kidney transplant recipients reportedly experience medication nonadherence, and even minor deviations from the required protocol have been shown to have negative effects. However, due to the lack of systematic measurements of adherence, the direct relationship between the level of immunosuppressive medication adherence and poor outcomes is not well understood. Therefore, the investigators believe that mHealth technologies could be a feasible way to allow clinicians and researchers to better understand baseline adherence measurements, and increase immunosuppression adherence among kidney transplant recipients.
We will use a mobile health platform that enables users to track dose-by-dose medication adherence through asynchronous, video directly observed therapy (DOT). This helps patients take their medication as prescribed and gives providers the assurance that their patients are supported and successful in treatment. DOT is the practice of watching a patient take every dose of medicine in-person, and has typically only been done in extreme cases because it can be both costly and burdensome: DOT is the standard of care for Tuberculosis treatment and has proven high-adherence rates. Through mHealth technology, DOT can be used more broadly and without added burden; emocha's technology allows this through enabling patients to use their mobile application to view their regimen, record themselves taking every dose of their medication, report side effects or symptoms, visualize their treatment progress, access educational content, and track appointments. This information is encrypted and transmitted to a HIPAA-secure web portal for providers to review. The aim of this study is to conduct a randomized control trial to compare medication adherence between patients who use the mHealth system against controls who do not.
- Conditions
- Medication Adherence, Transplant; Kidney
- Being tested
- mHealth Intervention
- Keywords
- mHealth, kidney transplantation, medication adherence, video directly observed therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Medication Adherence
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
mHealth InterventionOther
The mHealth app will allow transplant recipients to see their medication regimen, record themselves taking every dose, report side effects or symptoms, visualize their treatment progress, access educational content, and track appointments. This information is encrypted and transmitted to a HIPAA-secure web portal for providers to review.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Standard of Care | No intervention | Participants in the control arm will be instructed to take their immunosuppressive medications as prescribed and attend required follow-up as is standard of care, and will not receive the mHealth app. |
| mHealth Intervention | Experimental | Participants in the intervention arm will receive the mHealth app either while they are an inpatient post-transplant, or at their first post-transplant clinic visit. Study personnel will assist participants assigned to the mHealth intervention arm with downloading the mHealth app and explain its functioning. Participants will then use the application to aid in immunosuppressive medication adherence post-transplant. Receives: Other: mHealth Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
12-week immunosuppression medication adherence
After 12 weeks in the study, patients will complete the 4-item immunosuppressant therapy adherence instrument (ITAS) to determine self-reported medication adherence (scores range from 0-12 with 0 indicating very poor adherence and 12 indicating perfect adherence). Additionally, immunosuppression level trends will be tracked via electronic medical record review to determine medication adherence.
Measured: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Feasibility of using the mHealth Application as Assessed by a Semi-Structured Interview and a 17-Item Survey
After 12 weeks in the study, participants will be asked to participate in a semi-structured phone interview in which they will answer questions regarding their medication adherence habits and their thoughts on how our mHealth technology was or was not helpful. They will also complete a 17-question post-satisfaction survey assessing their satisfaction levels with the mhealth technology. Responses in the 17-item survey are on a 7-item Likert scale, the range being Strongly Agree, Agree, Slightly Agree, Neither Agree nor Disagree, Slightly Disagree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree.
Measured: 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Feb 2018
- Study start30 Sep 2018
- Primary completion12 Nov 2020
- Study completion12 Nov 2020
Why it stopped: Merged IRB Created
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Medication AdherenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Johns Hopkins UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This is a single center, prospective, randomized control trial with two arms. Participants in the intervention arm will use the mHealth app to manage and track their immunosuppression medical regimen post-transplant, and participants in the control arm will receive the current standard of follow-up care post-transplant.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Macey Henderson, JD,PhD, Principal investigator, Johns Hopkins UniversityDaniel Brennan, MD, Principal investigator, Johns Hopkins University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03427008
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB00164573
- Acronym
- mDOT
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 2 Feb 2018
- Last updated
- 23 Sep 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
De Geest S, Borgermans L, Gemoets H, Abraham I, Vlaminck H, Evers G, Vanrenterghem Y. Incidence, determinants, and consequences of subclinical noncompliance with immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1995 Feb 15;59(3):340-7.
PubMed 7871562Hong JH, Sumrani N, Delaney V, Davis R, Dibenedetto A, Butt KM. Causes of late renal allograft failure in the ciclosporin era. Nephron. 1992;62(3):272-9. doi: 10.1159/000187058.
PubMed 1436337Nevins TE, Kruse L, Skeans MA, Thomas W. The natural history of azathioprine compliance after renal transplantation. Kidney Int. 2001 Oct;60(4):1565-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00961.x.
PubMed 11576374Shoskes DA, Avelino L, Barba L, Sender M. Patient death or renal graft loss within 3 yr of transplantation in a county hospital: importance of poor initial graft function. Clin Transplant. 1997 Dec;11(6):618-22.
PubMed 9408696Douglas S, Blixen C, Bartucci MR. Relationship between pretransplant noncompliance and posttransplant outcomes in renal transplant recipients. J Transpl Coord. 1996 Jun;6(2):53-8. doi: 10.7182/prtr.1.6.2.x11r325882657x21.
PubMed 9188358Desmyttere A, Dobbels F, Cleemput I, De Geest S. Noncompliance with immunosuppressive regimen in organ transplantation: is it worth worrying about? Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2005 Jul-Sep;68(3):347-52. No abstract available.
PubMed 16268422Dew MA, DiMartini AF, De Vito Dabbs A, Myaskovsky L, Steel J, Unruh M, Switzer GE, Zomak R, Kormos RL, Greenhouse JB. Rates and risk factors for nonadherence to the medical regimen after adult solid organ transplantation. Transplantation. 2007 Apr 15;83(7):858-73. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000258599.65257.a6.
PubMed 17460556De Geest S, Sabate E. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003 Dec;2(4):323. doi: 10.1016/S1474-5151(03)00091-4. No abstract available.
PubMed 14667488Gordon EJ, Gallant M, Sehgal AR, Conti D, Siminoff LA. Medication-taking among adult renal transplant recipients: barriers and strategies. Transpl Int. 2009 May;22(5):534-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2008.00827.x. Epub 2009 Jan 16.
PubMed 19175560De Geest S, Abraham I, Moons P, Vandeputte M, Van Cleemput J, Evers G, Daenen W, Vanhaecke J. Late acute rejection and subclinical noncompliance with cyclosporine therapy in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1998 Sep;17(9):854-63.
PubMed 9773856Butler JA, Roderick P, Mullee M, Mason JC, Peveler RC. Frequency and impact of nonadherence to immunosuppressants after renal transplantation: a systematic review. Transplantation. 2004 Mar 15;77(5):769-76. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000110408.83054.88.
PubMed 15021846Takemoto SK, Pinsky BW, Schnitzler MA, Lentine KL, Willoughby LM, Burroughs TE, Bunnapradist S. A retrospective analysis of immunosuppression compliance, dose reduction and discontinuation in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2007 Dec;7(12):2704-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01966.x. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
PubMed 17868065Chisholm MA, Lance CE, Williamson GM, Mulloy LL. Development and validation of the immunosuppressant therapy adherence instrument (ITAS). Patient Educ Couns. 2005 Oct;59(1):13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2004.09.003.
PubMed 16198214Mellon L, Doyle F, Hickey A, Ward KD, de Freitas DG, McCormick PA, O'Connell O, Conlon P. Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence in solid organ transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 12;9(9):CD012854. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012854.pub2.
PubMed 36094829
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Sep 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- mDOT: A Pilot Study of Video Directly Observed Therapy for Immunosuppressant Adherence in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03427008
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- mDOT / IRB00164573
- Conditions
- Medication Adherence, Transplant; Kidney
- Keywords
- mHealth, kidney transplantation, medication adherence, video directly observed therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: Merged IRB Created
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Sep 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 12 Nov 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The investigators are interested in whether or not the use of a mobile health (mHealth) application increases the rate of immunosuppression medication adherence among adult kidney transplant recipients. The investigators aim to test this by randomly assigning transplant recipients to the intervention (use of an mHealth app to manage and track their immunosuppression regimen) or control arm (standard of care) upon discharge from their initial transplant hospitalization, and tracking medication adherence over time. The study population will be approximately 50 adult kidney transplant recipients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Detailed description
In adult kidney transplant recipients, the leading predictor of rejection, kidney loss, and death is immunosuppressive medication nonadherence. An estimated one-third of kidney transplant recipients reportedly experience medication nonadherence, and even minor deviations from the required protocol have been shown to have negative effects. However, due to the lack of systematic measurements of adherence, the direct relationship between the level of immunosuppressive medication adherence and poor outcomes is not well understood. Therefore, the investigators believe that mHealth technologies could be a feasible way to allow clinicians and researchers to better understand baseline adherence measurements, and increase immunosuppression adherence among kidney transplant recipients.
We will use a mobile health platform that enables users to track dose-by-dose medication adherence through asynchronous, video directly observed therapy (DOT). This helps patients take their medication as prescribed and gives providers the assurance that their patients are supported and successful in treatment. DOT is the practice of watching a patient take every dose of medicine in-person, and has typically only been done in extreme cases because it can be both costly and burdensome: DOT is the standard of care for Tuberculosis treatment and has proven high-adherence rates. Through mHealth technology, DOT can be used more broadly and without added burden; emocha's technology allows this through enabling patients to use their mobile application to view their regimen, record themselves taking every dose of their medication, report side effects or symptoms, visualize their treatment progress, access educational content, and track appointments. This information is encrypted and transmitted to a HIPAA-secure web portal for providers to review. The aim of this study is to conduct a randomized control trial to compare medication adherence between patients who use the mHealth system against controls who do not.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This is a single center, prospective, randomized control trial with two arms. Participants in the intervention arm will use the mHealth app to manage and track their immunosuppression medical regimen post-transplant, and participants in the control arm will receive the current standard of follow-up care post-transplant.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Standard of Care | No intervention | –Participants in the control arm will be instructed to take their immunosuppressive medications as prescribed and attend required follow-up as is standard of care, and will not receive the mHealth app. |
| mHealth Intervention | Experimental | Other: mHealth InterventionParticipants in the intervention arm will receive the mHealth app either while they are an inpatient post-transplant, or at their first post-transplant clinic visit. Study personnel will assist participants assigned to the mHealth intervention arm with downloading the mHealth app and explain its functioning. Participants will then use the application to aid in immunosuppressive medication adherence post-transplant. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 22 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Adults (≥22 years)
- Receive a kidney transplant at the Johns Hopkins Hospital
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Non-English speaking participants
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| mHealth InterventionThe mHealth app will allow transplant recipients to see their medication regimen, record themselves taking every dose, report side effects or symptoms, visualize their treatment progress, access educational content, and track appointments. This information is encrypted and transmitted to a HIPAA-secure web portal for providers to review. | Other | mHealth Intervention |
Primary outcome
12-week immunosuppression medication adherence
Time frame: 12 weeks
After 12 weeks in the study, patients will complete the 4-item immunosuppressant therapy adherence instrument (ITAS) to determine self-reported medication adherence (scores range from 0-12 with 0 indicating very poor adherence and 12 indicating perfect adherence). Additionally, immunosuppression level trends will be tracked via electronic medical record review to determine medication adherence.
1 secondary outcome
Feasibility of using the mHealth Application as Assessed by a Semi-Structured Interview and a 17-Item Survey
Time frame: 12 weeks
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Sep 2021.
- Background: PubMed 7871562De Geest S, Borgermans L, Gemoets H, Abraham I, Vlaminck H, Evers G, Vanrenterghem Y. Incidence, determinants, and consequences of subclinical noncompliance with immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1995 Feb 15;59(3):340-7.
- Background: PubMed 1436337Hong JH, Sumrani N, Delaney V, Davis R, Dibenedetto A, Butt KM. Causes of late renal allograft failure in the ciclosporin era. Nephron. 1992;62(3):272-9. doi: 10.1159/000187058.
- Background: PubMed 11576374Nevins TE, Kruse L, Skeans MA, Thomas W. The natural history of azathioprine compliance after renal transplantation. Kidney Int. 2001 Oct;60(4):1565-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00961.x.
- Background: PubMed 9408696Shoskes DA, Avelino L, Barba L, Sender M. Patient death or renal graft loss within 3 yr of transplantation in a county hospital: importance of poor initial graft function. Clin Transplant. 1997 Dec;11(6):618-22.
- Background: PubMed 9188358Douglas S, Blixen C, Bartucci MR. Relationship between pretransplant noncompliance and posttransplant outcomes in renal transplant recipients. J Transpl Coord. 1996 Jun;6(2):53-8. doi: 10.7182/prtr.1.6.2.x11r325882657x21.
- Background: PubMed 16268422Desmyttere A, Dobbels F, Cleemput I, De Geest S. Noncompliance with immunosuppressive regimen in organ transplantation: is it worth worrying about? Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2005 Jul-Sep;68(3):347-52. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 17460556Dew MA, DiMartini AF, De Vito Dabbs A, Myaskovsky L, Steel J, Unruh M, Switzer GE, Zomak R, Kormos RL, Greenhouse JB. Rates and risk factors for nonadherence to the medical regimen after adult solid organ transplantation. Transplantation. 2007 Apr 15;83(7):858-73. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000258599.65257.a6.
- Background: PubMed 14667488De Geest S, Sabate E. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003 Dec;2(4):323. doi: 10.1016/S1474-5151(03)00091-4. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 19175560Gordon EJ, Gallant M, Sehgal AR, Conti D, Siminoff LA. Medication-taking among adult renal transplant recipients: barriers and strategies. Transpl Int. 2009 May;22(5):534-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2008.00827.x. Epub 2009 Jan 16.
- Background: PubMed 9773856De Geest S, Abraham I, Moons P, Vandeputte M, Van Cleemput J, Evers G, Daenen W, Vanhaecke J. Late acute rejection and subclinical noncompliance with cyclosporine therapy in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1998 Sep;17(9):854-63.
- Background: PubMed 15021846Butler JA, Roderick P, Mullee M, Mason JC, Peveler RC. Frequency and impact of nonadherence to immunosuppressants after renal transplantation: a systematic review. Transplantation. 2004 Mar 15;77(5):769-76. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000110408.83054.88.
- Background: PubMed 17868065Takemoto SK, Pinsky BW, Schnitzler MA, Lentine KL, Willoughby LM, Burroughs TE, Bunnapradist S. A retrospective analysis of immunosuppression compliance, dose reduction and discontinuation in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2007 Dec;7(12):2704-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01966.x. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Medication Adherence
Not yet recruiting
Use and Acceptability of an AI-Assisted Health Application for Individuals Living With a Chronic Condition
Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Not yet recruiting
A Nurse-Led Personalized Self-Management Counseling Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Medication Adherence, Glycemic Control for Diabetes Mellitus
Not yet recruiting
Assessing Psoriasis Treatment Outcomes
Psoriasis
Active, not recruiting
HERDA: Pharmacist-Led Culturally Adapted Intervention for Depression Medication Adherence
Depression
Not yet recruiting
Asthma Ctrl SMART Trial
Asthma in Children, Asthma Chronic
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Macey Henderson, JD,PhD principal investigator
Johns Hopkins University
Daniel Brennan, MD principal investigator
Johns Hopkins University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing mHealth Intervention in people with Medication Adherence and Transplant; Kidney, run by Johns Hopkins University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Sep 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
12-week immunosuppression medication adherence (time frame: 12 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03427008, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Sep 2021.