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Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8Phase 2NCT03439891

Sorafenib and Nivolumab in Treating Participants With Unresectable, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Liver Cancer

A Phase 2 study testing Nivolumab and Sorafenib in people with Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8 and Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8, run by Robin Kate Kelley at 2 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

This phase II trial studies the best dose and side effects of sorafenib tosylate and nivolumab in treating patients with liver cancer that cannot be removed by surgery (unresectable), has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes (locally advanced) or to other places in the body (metastatic). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Nivolumab and Sorafenib
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
16 participants
Where
2 sitesUnited States
Study dates
16 Apr 2018to 30 Nov 2023
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Histologic or cytologic diagnosis of unresectable, locally advanced and/or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) not amenable to curative surgery, transplantation, or ablative therapies based upon assessment of treating investigator.
  • For patients without prior histologic or cytologic diagnosis, radiographic diagnosis is allowed provided patients meet American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria for radiographic diagnosis.
  • Radiographically measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 in at least one site not previously treated with chemoembolization, radioembolization, radiation, or other local/liver-directed procedures (i.e. must have at least one measurable target lesion, either within the liver or in a measurable metastatic site); a new area of tumor progression within or adjacent to a previously-treated lesion, if clearly measurable by a radiologist, is acceptable.
  • Untreated/pretreatment archival tumor tissue must be available for correlative analyses
  • Age at least 18 years at enrollment.
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0 or 1 at enrollment
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  • At least 4 weeks after any prior chemoembolization, radioembolization, local ablative therapies, or hepatic radiation and recovery to =< grade 1 treatment-related toxicity.
  • At least 6 weeks after any major surgery including prior hepatic resection and recovery to =< grade 1 treatment-related toxicity.
  • At least 7 days after minor surgery (such as central venous access) or biopsy and recovery to =< grade 1 treatment-related toxicity
  • At least 2 weeks after any prior palliative radiation (e.g. to focal metastatic lesion such as bone metastases) and recovery to =< grade 1 treatment-related toxicity.
  • Blood pressure =< 140/90 mm Hg with or without anti-hypertensive therapy
  • Patients may be rescreened after initial ineligibility if due to elevated blood pressure, if adequately medically managed within approximately 30 days.
  • Adequate baseline organ and marrow function as defined below:
  • Adequate bone marrow function:
  • Absolute neutrophil count at least 1,200/microliter (mcL).
  • Platelets at least 50,000/mcL.
  • Hemoglobin at least 9 g/dL.
  • Adequate hepatic function:
  • Part 1: Total bilirubin less than 2.6 mg/dL or 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN), whichever is higher, and albumin at least 2.5 g/dL, if otherwise meets criteria for Child Pugh A or B7.
  • Part 2: Total bilirubin less than 3.9 mg/dL or 3 times ULN, whichever is higher, and albumin at least 2.0 g/dL, if otherwise meets criteria for Child Pugh B.
  • Both Parts: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)) less than 5 X ULN, International normalized ratio (INR) less than 1.7.
  • Creatinine less than 1. 5 X ULN and/or creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min.
  • Child-Pugh A or B7 (Part 1); Child-Pugh B7-9 (Part 2).
  • If HBV surface antigen (sAg) and/or core antibody (Ab) positive, must be treated with appropriate antiviral therapy according to institutional practice with HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) less than 500 IU/mL.
  • If clinical or histologic diagnosis of cirrhosis and/or clinical or radiographic evidence esophageal or gastric varices, must have had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) surveillance and adequate endoscopic therapy according to institutional standards.
  • Able to swallow and retain oral medications
  • Women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative pregnancy test within 28 days before study enrollment.
  • WOCBP and male partners of WOCBP must agree to use two methods of contraception until at least 5 months after last dose of each study drug for WOCBP subjects, and 7 months for male partners of WOCBP.
  • Able to understand and willingness to provide informed consent, and the willingness to comply with the requirements of the protocol.
  • Subjects must have signed and dated an Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Independent Ethics Committees (IEC) approved written informed consent form in accordance with regulatory and institutional guidelines and before the performance of any protocol related procedures that are not part of standard of care.

Who cannot join

  • Any prior systemic therapy for HCC.
  • Known fibrolamellar or mixed HCC-cholangiocarcinoma histology.
  • Requirement for paracentesis to control ascites within 6 months before enrollment.
  • Ascites which is not clinically detectable or mild on stable doses of diuretics during screening is allowed provided meets criteria for Child Pugh A or B7 (Part 1) or B7-9 (Part 2).
  • Symptomatic hepatic encephalopathy requiring medication (such as lactulose or rifaximin) (Part 1) or any hospitalization for encephalopathy within 6 months before enrollment (Part 1 or 2).
  • Hepatic encephalopathy that is adequately controlled on stable doses of lactulose and/or rifaximin per assessment of treating investigator is allowed in Part 2, provided no hospitalization for encephalopathy within 6 months before enrollment.
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  • Medications such as lactulose used for other indications (e.g. constipation) are allowed in both Part 1 and 2.
  • History of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from esophageal and/or gastric varices within 12 months before enrollment.
  • Requirement for systemic corticosteroids unless used for adrenal replacement, acute therapy for asthma or bronchitis exacerbation (=< 2 weeks), or premedication for contrast allergy.
  • Topical, intranasal, or inhaled steroids are not excluded.
  • Active autoimmune condition requiring systemic immunosuppressive medication.
  • Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • Active coinfection with HBV plus hepatitis delta (D) virus (HDV) or HCV:
  • Both hepatitis B and C as evidenced by detectable HBV surface antigen or HBV DNA and detectable HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA).
  • Hepatitis D infection (HDV antibody positive) in subjects with detectable hepatitis B surface antigen or HBV DNA.
  • Prior allogeneic transplant of any solid organ or bone marrow/stem cells.
  • Symptomatic hypothyroidism without replacement.
  • Patients may be rescreened after initiating adequate replacement therapy
  • History of seizure disorder requiring antiepileptic medication or brain metastases with seizures.
  • Non-healing wound, ulcer, non-healing traumatic bone fracture, or abscess within 30 days of enrollment.
  • Nondisplaced, uncomplicated pathologic fracture due to tumor may be eligible provided adequately treated with radiation, surgery or other treatments with full recovery based upon investigator assessment.
  • Central or necrotic lung metastases.
  • Known brain or leptomeningeal metastases.
  • Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic pressure > 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic pressure > 90 mm Hg (National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0) on repeated measurement) despite optimal medical management.
  • Active or clinically significant cardiac disease including:
  • Congestive heart failure - New York Heart Association (NYHA) > class II.
  • Active coronary artery disease including unstable or newly diagnosed angina or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to study entry.
  • Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy other than beta blockers or digoxin.
  • Corrected QT interval (QTc) (Fridericia) > 450 msec on two consecutive electrocardiograms (ECGs) (baseline ECG should be repeated if QTc is found to be > 450 msec).
  • Subject with any pulmonary hemorrhage/bleeding event of NCI-CTCAE v4.0 grade 2 or higher within 6 months before first dose of study treatment any other hemorrhage/bleeding event of NCI-CTCAE v4.0 grade 3 or higher within 6 months before first dose of study treatment.
  • Subjects with arterial or venous thrombotic or embolic, such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks), myocardial infarction, or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) within 6 months of informed consent.
  • Tumor or bland thrombus in hepatic vasculature is not an exclusion provided hepatic function criteria are met.
  • Asymptomatic thromboembolic events such as incidentally-detected sub-segmental pulmonary emboli or superficial thromboses are not an exclusion provided the patient does not require treatment with therapeutic anticoagulation.
  • Subjects who have used strong CYP3A4 inducers (eg, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, St. John's wort (hypericum perforatum), dexamethasone at a dose of greater than 16 mg daily, or rifampin [rifampicin], and/or rifabutin) within 28 days before first dose of study treatment.
  • Subjects who require therapeutic anticoagulation or anti-platelet therapy.
  • Low dose aspirin (=< 100 mg/day) is allowed
  • Prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are allowed if approved by study chair or designee.
  • Subjects with any previously untreated and concurrent cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology from HCC except cervical cancer in-situ, treated nonmelanoma skin cancers, localized prostate cancer not requiring systemic therapy undergoing surveillance, or superficial bladder tumor; subjects surviving a cancer that was curatively treated and without evidence of disease for more than 2 years before enrollment are allowed provided that cancer therapy was completed at least 2 years prior to study entry (date of the informed consent form).
  • Any uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to: ongoing or active infection requiring antibiotic therapy, pulmonary disease impairing functional status or requiring oxygen, impairment in gastrointestinal function that may affect or alter absorption of oral medications (such as malabsorption or history of gastrectomy or bowel resection), or uncontrolled diarrhea.
  • Known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs, study drug classes, or excipients of the formulations given during the course of this trial
  • Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding at enrollment
  • Inability to comply with the protocol and/or not willing or not available for follow-up assessments.
  • Any condition which, in the investigator's opinion, makes the subject unsuitable for trial participation

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

United States2 sites

  • University of California, Davis

    Sacramento, California, 95817

  • University of California, San Francisco

    San Francisco, California, 94143

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Multicenter Pilot Study of the Safety, Efficacy, and Immune Cell Profiling in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients Treated With the Combination of Sorafenib Plus Nivolumab as First-Line of Systemic Therapy

This phase II trial studies the best dose and side effects of sorafenib tosylate and nivolumab in treating patients with liver cancer that cannot be removed by surgery (unresectable), has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes (locally advanced) or to other places in the body (metastatic). Sorafenib tosylate may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving sorafenib tosylate and nivolumab may work better in treating patients with liver cancer.

Read the detailed description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

  1. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of sorafenib tosylate (sorafenib) in combination with standard dose nivolumab with Child Pugh A-B7 liver function. (Part 1: Escalation Cohort).

II. Safety in participants with Child-Pugh B liver function. (Part 2: Child-Pugh B Escalation Cohort)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

  1. Safety and tolerability of combination overall. (Parts 1 and 2).

II. Rate of immune-related adverse event (irAE) for combination overall and in participants with Child-Pugh B liver function. (Parts 1 and 2).

III. Overall response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 in participants with Child-Pugh B liver function. (Parts 1 and 2).

IV. Duration of response (DOR), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) for escalation cohort and Child-Pugh B expansion cohort and overall. (Parts 1 and 2).

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

  1. Relationship between peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immune cell subset frequencies, baseline liver function, and clinical outcomes.

II. Relationship between PBMC T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype frequency and diversity, baseline liver function, and clinical outcomes.

III. Tumor tissue immune cell subsets and TCR clonotype frequency and diversity in pre-treatment archival tumor tissue samples.

IV. Tumor and immune cell programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in pre-treatment archival tumor tissue samples and relationship to clinical outcomes.

  1. Changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load on treatment.

VI. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) changes on treatment and relationship to clinical outcomes.

VII. Relationship between clinical outcomes and clinicopathologic features including race/ethnicity, etiology of liver disease including HBV/HCV status, baseline liver function, presence of cirrhosis, macrovessel invasion, extrahepatic spread, site(s) of metastatic disease, prior treatment history including prior radiation and arterial therapies.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation and expansion study of sorafenib tosylate.

DOSE-ESCALATION (Part 1):

Between 3-12 participants will be enrolled in Part 1. Participants receive sorafenib tosylate orally (PO) once daily (QD) or twice daily (BID) on days 1-28, and nivolumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

EXPANSION COHORT (Part 2).

Participants receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15, and sorafenib tosylate once daily (QD) or twice daily (BID) on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, participants are followed up at 30 and 100 days, then every 3 months for up to 2 years after the last dose.

Being tested
Nivolumab, Sorafenib
Medical subject headings
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • NivolumabBiological

    Also called BMS-936558, MDX-1106, NIVO, ONO-4538

    Given IV

  • SorafenibDrug

    Also called BAY 43-9006

    Given PO

Study groups in NCT03439891
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Part 1: Starting Dose Schedule (DL -1) Once a dayExperimentalParticipants with Child-Pugh A or B7 receive a daily dose of 400mg sorafenib on days 1-28, and 240mg of nivolumab IV over 30 minutes beginning on day 15 of course 1, then on days 1 and 15 of subsequent courses. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Course will continue until 1 dose-limiting toxicity occurs to establish maximum tolerated dosing schedule.
Receives: Biological: Nivolumab; Drug: Sorafenib
Part 1: Escalated Dose Schedule (DL 1) Twice a dayExperimentalParticipants with Child-Pugh A or B7 receive a daily dose of 400mg sorafenib twice a day on days 1-28, and 240mg of nivolumab IV over 30 minutes beginning on day 15 of course 1, then on days 1 and 15 of subsequent courses. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Course will continue until 1 dose-limiting toxicity occurs to establish maximum tolerated dosing schedule.
Receives: Biological: Nivolumab; Drug: Sorafenib
Part 2: Child-Pugh B (CPB) Expansion Cohort (sorafenib, nivolumab)ExperimentalParticipants with Child-Pugh B7-9 receive sorafenib at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) established in Part 1 on days 1-28, and nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Receives: Biological: Nivolumab; Drug: Sorafenib

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) (Part 1 Only)

    MTD is defined as the dose in which 1 or more dose limiting toxicities (DLT) is reported by study participants in Part 1 within the first cycle of treatment. Participants in Part 1 must receive at least 2 doses of nivolumab and at least 75% of sorafenib doses within 28 days (1 cycle), or experience a qualifying DLT event to be evaluable.

    Measured: 28 days

  2. Proportion of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Treatment-related Adverse Events (Part 2 Only)

    All adverse event (AE) will be summarized based on proportion of total participants in Part 2 to evaluate the safety of the treatment combination in participants with Child-Pugh B7-9 liver function as measured by proportion of participants with an AE of toxicity grade >=3 as graded by NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03 and assessed as at least possibly related to sorafenib, nivolumab, or the combination of therapies.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

Secondary outcomes (14)

  1. Proportion of Participants With Treatment-related Adverse Events

    Overall rates of AE and serious adverse events (SAE) as classified by the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03 assessed as at least possibly related to sorafenib, nivolumab, or the combination of therapies will be reported as the proportion of participants in each arm.

    .

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  2. Proportion of Participants Reporting Immune-related Adverse Event (irAE) (Part 1 and Part 2 Combined)

    Safety events for all participants assessed by treating investigator and/or Study Chair as being at least possibly immune-related while on nivolumab (irAE) will be summarized based on proportion of total participants across all treatment groups combined.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  3. Proportion of Participants With Child-Pugh B (CPB) Reporting Immune-related Adverse Event (irAE) (Parts 1 and 2 Combined)

    Safety events for all CPB participants assessed by treating investigator and/or Study Chair as being at least possibly immune-related while on nivolumab (irAE) will be summarized based on proportion of total CPB participants across all treatment groups combined.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  4. Proportion of Participants With Dose Delays Due to Toxicity

    Delays in dosing due to adverse events will be summarized as proportion of participants by each arm.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  5. Proportion of Participants With Dose Reductions Due to Toxicity

    Dose reductions due to adverse events will be summarized as proportion of participants in each arm.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  6. Proportion of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment Due to Toxicity

    Treatment discontinuations due to adverse events will be summarized as proportion of participants in each arm.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  7. Proportion of Participants With an Objective Response (Part 1 and Part 2 Combined)

    Objective response is defined as the proportion of participants assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 with measurable disease at study entry who have an evaluated complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) at any time during the main study. Participants with measurable disease at study entry who have unknown or missing response information will be treated as non-responders.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  8. Proportion of Participants With an Objective Response by Part

    Objective response will be based on assessments using RECIST 1.15 using local radiographic review and analyzed for Part 1 and Part 2 individually. Objective response is defined as the proportion of subjects with RECIST 1.1-measurable disease at study entry who have a CR or PR at any time during the main study. Participants with measurable disease at study entry who have unknown or missing response information will be treated as non-responders.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  9. Median Duration of Response (DOR) (Part 1 and Part 2 Combined)

    DOR is defined as the median time in months from first documented evidence of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) until the first documented sign of disease progression or death for all participant who received any treatment during the course of the study.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  10. Median Duration of Response (DOR) by Treatment Group

    DOR is defined as the median time in months from first documented evidence of CR or PR assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) until the first documented sign of disease progression or death by treatment group for all participants who received treatment during the course of the study.

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  11. Median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) (Part 1 and Part 2 Combined)

    PFS will be calculated as the median time in months from date of first dose of protocol therapy to date of first documented radiographic and/or clinical disease progression or death from any cause for all participants who received treatment during the course of the study. For participants who discontinued from study for other reasons than progression or death, PFS will be censored at the date last date known to be progression-free for up to 2 years following the last dose of protocol therapy.

    Measured: Up to 3.5 years

  12. Median Progression-free Survival (PFS) by Child-Pugh Group

    PFS will be calculated as the median time in months from date of first dose of protocol therapy to date of first documented radiographic and/or clinical disease progression or death from any cause for participants grouped by Child-Pugh Group (Class A and Class B). For participants discontinued from study for other reasons than progression or death, PFS will be censored at the date last known to be progression-free for up to 2 years following the last dose of protocol therapy.

    Measured: Up to 3.5 years

  13. Median Overall Survival (OS) (Part 1 and Part 2 Combined)

    OS is defined as the median time in months from the date of first dose of protocol therapy to the date of death due to any cause for up to 2 years following the last dose of protocol therapy. Censoring will be performed using the date of last known contact for those who are alive at the time of analysis. If data warrant, Kaplan-Meier estimates along with the 95% confidence intervals (CI) or full range will be reported.

    Measured: Up to 3.5 years

  14. Overall Survival (OS) by Child-Pugh Group

    OS is defined as the median time in months from the date of first dose of protocol therapy to the date of death due to any cause for up to 2 years following the last dose of protocol therapy and will be reported for each of the Child-Pugh groups separately. Censoring will be performed using the date of last known contact for those who are alive at the time of analysis. If data warrant, Kaplan-Meier estimates along with the 95% confidence intervals (CI) or full range will be reported.

    Measured: Up to 3.5 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted20 Feb 2018
  2. Study start16 Apr 2018
  3. Primary completion30 Nov 2023
  4. Study completion30 Nov 2023

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomised
Intervention model
Sequential
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
16 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03439891
Sponsor's protocol ID
174523
Other IDs
NCI-2018-00051
Status last verified
Jan 2025
First submitted
13 Feb 2018
Last updated
11 Feb 2025
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Keenan BP, Fan Z, Le BK, Harris Q, Chen J, Clark M, Lea A, Zhang L, Cheung A, Lara F, Gordan JD, Bracci P, Behr SC, Fong L, Venook AP, Kim EJ, Kelley RK. Phase II trial with nivolumab and sorafenib in HCC identified enrichment of immunosuppressive monocytes in patients with Child-Pugh B liver dysfunction. JHEP Rep. 2026 May;8(5):101817. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2026.101817. Epub 2026 Mar 12.

    PubMed 41831609

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Nivolumab and Sorafenib in people with Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8 and Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8, run by Robin Kate Kelley at 2 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 30 inclusion and 43 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 11 Feb 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) (Part 1 Only) (time frame: 28 days). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03439891, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Feb 2025.

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