Pulmonary RegurgitationRaDICAL-CHDNCT03471936
Right Ventricular Diastolic Function in Chronic Adverse RV Loading And Congenital Heart Disease
A study testing Acquisition of pressure-volume-loops in people with Pulmonary Regurgitation and Congenital Heart Disease, run by Heart Center Leipzig - University Hospital at 1 site in Germany.
Trial summary
The aim of the study is to assess the characteristics, incidence and predictors of load-independent right ventricle (RV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and adverse RV loading conditions by acquiring pressure-volume loops and compare these results to a population of patients with… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Pulmonary Regurgitation, Congenital Heart Disease
- What is being tested?
- Acquisition of pressure-volume-loops
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGermany
- Study dates
- 7 Jul 2016to 1 Aug 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patient with CHD involving the RV
- Chronic RV volume and/or pressure overload as defined by:
- more than mild pulmonary regurgitation and/or
- more than mild tricuspid regurgitation and/or
- a gradient across the RV outflow tract of ≥ 3 m/s on echocardiography and/or
- estimated RV systolic pressure > 65 mmHg
Show all 9Show fewer
- Clinical indication for cardiac catheterization
- Age 12 to 80 years
- Informed consent
Who cannot join
- Contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging or cardiopulmonary exercise testing
- Pregnancy
- RV systolic function on magnetic resonance imaging < 45%
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The aim of the study is to assess the characteristics, incidence and predictors of load-independent right ventricle (RV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and adverse RV loading conditions by acquiring pressure-volume loops and compare these results to a population of patients with exclusion of coronary artery disease and absence of any known disease affecting the RV.
Read the detailed description
One of the major problems in the expanding population of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is dysfunction of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (OT). Initial surgical repair for complex conditions or repeated surgery for free pulmonary regurgitation often includes the creation of an artificial RV to main pulmonary artery connection. Over time, these conduits are prone to develop valvar incompetence or obstruction. There is clear evidence that pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation are associated with exercise intolerance, arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden death. Timely pulmonary valve replacement can halt and may reverse such unfavourable outcomes. However, this means that patients have to undergo multiple open-heart surgeries in order to reduce the haemodynamic burden on the right ventricle. Decision making in these patients with RVOT dysfunction is based on the aim to perform pulmonary valve replacement as late as possible to minimise the total number of open-heart surgeries required in individual patients, but before functional impairment might be irreversible. Importantly, this point of 'no return' in right ventricular pressure and/or volume overload is still unknown and represents one of the most challenging problems in the field of CHD. Ideally, quality of life, survival and freedom from atrial and ventricular arrhythmia should be the endpoints for any study trying to optimise timing of pulmonary valve replacement. However, such studies would require long follow-up in large patient populations and will not help to improve management of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction in the short-term. In order to design studies with surrogate functional endpoints, a sound understanding of physiological consequences of altering RV loading and its implications for bi-ventricular function or exercise capacity is pivotal.
The investigators established a method of acquiring robust RV pressure-volume-loops at our institution. In the context of a research study, the investigators performed RV conductance catheter measurements in 22 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and in 11 patients with no evidence of any RV disease. Within the RaDICAL study the investigators aim further to compare these results to pressure-volume loops acquired in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and adverse RV loading conditions in order to evaluate characteristics, incidence and predictors of load-independent right ventricle (RV) diastolic dysfunction.
- Conditions
- Pulmonary Regurgitation, Congenital Heart Disease
- Being tested
- Acquisition of pressure-volume-loops
- Keywords
- Congenital Heart Disease, pressure-volume loops, diastolic function
- Medical subject headings
- Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency, Heart Defects, Congenital
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Acquisition of pressure-volume-loopsDiagnostic test
Diagnostic workup including cardiac MRI, Echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) followed by invasive acquisition of RV and left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume-loops
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Acquisition of pressure-volume loops | Other | Not described Receives: Diagnostic Test: Acquisition of pressure-volume-loops |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Presence of RV diastolic dysfunction in CHD and RVOT dysfunction
Determination of load-independent stiffness constant in CHD
Measured: Baseline
Secondary outcomes (3)
Link between RV load-independent stiffness constant and functional capacity
Oxygen uptake (VO2 max) in correlation to load-independent stiffness constant
Measured: Baseline
Association between E/É and RV stiffness in CHD
Correlation between E/É and load-independent stiffness constant
Measured: Baseline
Association between RV stiffness expressed as E/É and functional outcome after surgical or percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement
Correlation between E/É before intervention and VO2 max change after pulmonary valve replacement
Measured: 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Mar 2018
- Study start7 Jul 2016
- Primary completionAug 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Aug 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pulmonary RegurgitationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Heart Center Leipzig - University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Philipp Lurz, Heart Center Leipzig - University Hospital
- Investigators
- Ingo Dähnert, MD, Principal investigator, Head of pediatric cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03471936
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RADICAL001
- Acronym
- RaDICAL-CHD
- Status last verified
- May 2021
- First submitted
- 1 Feb 2018
- Last updated
- 10 May 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Brown JW, Ruzmetov M, Rodefeld MD, Vijay P, Turrentine MW. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with an allograft conduit in non-ross patients: risk factors for allograft dysfunction and failure. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Aug;80(2):655-63; discussion 663-4. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.02.053.
PubMed 16039222Rastan AJ, Walther T, Daehnert I, Hambsch J, Mohr FW, Janousek J, Kostelka M. Bovine jugular vein conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: evaluation of risk factors for mid-term outcome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Oct;82(4):1308-15. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.071.
PubMed 16996925Stark J, Bull C, Stajevic M, Jothi M, Elliott M, de Leval M. Fate of subpulmonary homograft conduits: determinants of late homograft failure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998 Mar;115(3):506-14; discussion 514-6. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5223(98)70312-5.
PubMed 9535436Tweddell JS, Pelech AN, Frommelt PC, Mussatto KA, Wyman JD, Fedderly RT, Berger S, Frommelt MA, Lewis DA, Friedberg DZ, Thomas JP Jr, Sachdeva R, Litwin SB. Factors affecting longevity of homograft valves used in right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction for congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2000 Nov 7;102(19 Suppl 3):III130-5. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_3.iii-130.
PubMed 11082375Gatzoulis MA, Balaji S, Webber SA, Siu SC, Hokanson JS, Poile C, Rosenthal M, Nakazawa M, Moller JH, Gillette PC, Webb GD, Redington AN. Risk factors for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a multicentre study. Lancet. 2000 Sep 16;356(9234):975-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02714-8.
PubMed 11041398Carvalho JS, Shinebourne EA, Busst C, Rigby ML, Redington AN. Exercise capacity after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot: deleterious effects of residual pulmonary regurgitation. Br Heart J. 1992 Jun;67(6):470-3. doi: 10.1136/hrt.67.6.470.
PubMed 1622697Lurz P, Puranik R, Nordmeyer J, Muthurangu V, Hansen MS, Schievano S, Marek J, Bonhoeffer P, Taylor AM. Improvement in left ventricular filling properties after relief of right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit obstruction: contribution of septal motion and interventricular mechanical delay. Eur Heart J. 2009 Sep;30(18):2266-74. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp258. Epub 2009 Jun 26.
PubMed 19561027Lurz P, Riede FT, Taylor AM, Wagner R, Nordmeyer J, Khambadkone S, Kinzel P, Derrick G, Schuler G, Bonhoeffer P, Giardini A, Daehnert I. Impact of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation for right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction on exercise recovery kinetics. Int J Cardiol. 2014 Nov 15;177(1):276-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.014. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
PubMed 25499392Lurz P, Nordmeyer J, Muthurangu V, Khambadkone S, Derrick G, Yates R, Sury M, Bonhoeffer P, Taylor AM. Comparison of bare metal stenting and percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation for treatment of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction: use of an x-ray/magnetic resonance hybrid laboratory for acute physiological assessment. Circulation. 2009 Jun 16;119(23):2995-3001. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.836312. Epub 2009 Jun 1.
PubMed 19487596Lurz P, Coats L, Khambadkone S, Nordmeyer J, Boudjemline Y, Schievano S, Muthurangu V, Lee TY, Parenzan G, Derrick G, Cullen S, Walker F, Tsang V, Deanfield J, Taylor AM, Bonhoeffer P. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: impact of evolving technology and learning curve on clinical outcome. Circulation. 2008 Apr 15;117(15):1964-72. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.735779. Epub 2008 Apr 7.
PubMed 18391109Burkhoff D, Mirsky I, Suga H. Assessment of systolic and diastolic ventricular properties via pressure-volume analysis: a guide for clinical, translational, and basic researchers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Aug;289(2):H501-12. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00138.2005.
PubMed 16014610Dimopoulos K, Okonko DO, Diller GP, Broberg CS, Salukhe TV, Babu-Narayan SV, Li W, Uebing A, Bayne S, Wensel R, Piepoli MF, Poole-Wilson PA, Francis DP, Gatzoulis MA. Abnormal ventilatory response to exercise in adults with congenital heart disease relates to cyanosis and predicts survival. Circulation. 2006 Jun 20;113(24):2796-802. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594218. Epub 2006 Jun 12.
PubMed 16769913
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 May 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Right Ventricular Diastolic Function in Chronic Adverse RV Loading And Congenital Heart Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03471936
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RaDICAL-CHD / RADICAL001
- Conditions
- Pulmonary Regurgitation, Congenital Heart Disease
- Keywords
- Congenital Heart Disease, pressure-volume loops, diastolic function
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Heart Center Leipzig - University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Jul 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Aug 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Aug 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 21 Mar 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of the study is to assess the characteristics, incidence and predictors of load-independent right ventricle (RV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and adverse RV loading conditions by acquiring pressure-volume loops and compare these results to a population of patients with exclusion of coronary artery disease and absence of any known disease affecting the RV.
Detailed description
One of the major problems in the expanding population of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is dysfunction of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (OT). Initial surgical repair for complex conditions or repeated surgery for free pulmonary regurgitation often includes the creation of an artificial RV to main pulmonary artery connection. Over time, these conduits are prone to develop valvar incompetence or obstruction. There is clear evidence that pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation are associated with exercise intolerance, arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden death. Timely pulmonary valve replacement can halt and may reverse such unfavourable outcomes. However, this means that patients have to undergo multiple open-heart surgeries in order to reduce the haemodynamic burden on the right ventricle. Decision making in these patients with RVOT dysfunction is based on the aim to perform pulmonary valve replacement as late as possible to minimise the total number of open-heart surgeries required in individual patients, but before functional impairment might be irreversible. Importantly, this point of 'no return' in right ventricular pressure and/or volume overload is still unknown and represents one of the most challenging problems in the field of CHD. Ideally, quality of life, survival and freedom from atrial and ventricular arrhythmia should be the endpoints for any study trying to optimise timing of pulmonary valve replacement. However, such studies would require long follow-up in large patient populations and will not help to improve management of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction in the short-term. In order to design studies with surrogate functional endpoints, a sound understanding of physiological consequences of altering RV loading and its implications for bi-ventricular function or exercise capacity is pivotal.
The investigators established a method of acquiring robust RV pressure-volume-loops at our institution. In the context of a research study, the investigators performed RV conductance catheter measurements in 22 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and in 11 patients with no evidence of any RV disease. Within the RaDICAL study the investigators aim further to compare these results to pressure-volume loops acquired in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and adverse RV loading conditions in order to evaluate characteristics, incidence and predictors of load-independent right ventricle (RV) diastolic dysfunction.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Acquisition of pressure-volume loops | Other | Diagnostic Test: Acquisition of pressure-volume-loops |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Patient with CHD involving the RV
- Chronic RV volume and/or pressure overload as defined by:
- more than mild pulmonary regurgitation and/or
- more than mild tricuspid regurgitation and/or
- a gradient across the RV outflow tract of ≥ 3 m/s on echocardiography and/or
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging or cardiopulmonary exercise testing
- Pregnancy
- RV systolic function on magnetic resonance imaging < 45%
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Acquisition of pressure-volume-loopsDiagnostic workup including cardiac MRI, Echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) followed by invasive acquisition of RV and left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume-loops | Diagnostic test | Acquisition of pressure-volume loops |
Primary outcome
Presence of RV diastolic dysfunction in CHD and RVOT dysfunction
Time frame: Baseline
Determination of load-independent stiffness constant in CHD
3 secondary outcomes
Link between RV load-independent stiffness constant and functional capacity
Time frame: Baseline
Association between E/É and RV stiffness in CHD
Time frame: Baseline
Association between RV stiffness expressed as E/É and functional outcome after surgical or percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement
Time frame: 6 months
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 May 2021.
- Background: PubMed 16039222Brown JW, Ruzmetov M, Rodefeld MD, Vijay P, Turrentine MW. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with an allograft conduit in non-ross patients: risk factors for allograft dysfunction and failure. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Aug;80(2):655-63; discussion 663-4. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.02.053.
- Background: PubMed 16996925Rastan AJ, Walther T, Daehnert I, Hambsch J, Mohr FW, Janousek J, Kostelka M. Bovine jugular vein conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: evaluation of risk factors for mid-term outcome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Oct;82(4):1308-15. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.071.
- Background: PubMed 9535436Stark J, Bull C, Stajevic M, Jothi M, Elliott M, de Leval M. Fate of subpulmonary homograft conduits: determinants of late homograft failure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998 Mar;115(3):506-14; discussion 514-6. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5223(98)70312-5.
- Background: PubMed 11082375Tweddell JS, Pelech AN, Frommelt PC, Mussatto KA, Wyman JD, Fedderly RT, Berger S, Frommelt MA, Lewis DA, Friedberg DZ, Thomas JP Jr, Sachdeva R, Litwin SB. Factors affecting longevity of homograft valves used in right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction for congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2000 Nov 7;102(19 Suppl 3):III130-5. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.suppl_3.iii-130.
- Background: PubMed 11041398Gatzoulis MA, Balaji S, Webber SA, Siu SC, Hokanson JS, Poile C, Rosenthal M, Nakazawa M, Moller JH, Gillette PC, Webb GD, Redington AN. Risk factors for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a multicentre study. Lancet. 2000 Sep 16;356(9234):975-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02714-8.
- Background: PubMed 1622697Carvalho JS, Shinebourne EA, Busst C, Rigby ML, Redington AN. Exercise capacity after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot: deleterious effects of residual pulmonary regurgitation. Br Heart J. 1992 Jun;67(6):470-3. doi: 10.1136/hrt.67.6.470.
- Background: PubMed 19561027Lurz P, Puranik R, Nordmeyer J, Muthurangu V, Hansen MS, Schievano S, Marek J, Bonhoeffer P, Taylor AM. Improvement in left ventricular filling properties after relief of right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit obstruction: contribution of septal motion and interventricular mechanical delay. Eur Heart J. 2009 Sep;30(18):2266-74. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp258. Epub 2009 Jun 26.
- Background: PubMed 25499392Lurz P, Riede FT, Taylor AM, Wagner R, Nordmeyer J, Khambadkone S, Kinzel P, Derrick G, Schuler G, Bonhoeffer P, Giardini A, Daehnert I. Impact of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation for right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction on exercise recovery kinetics. Int J Cardiol. 2014 Nov 15;177(1):276-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.014. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
- Background: PubMed 19487596Lurz P, Nordmeyer J, Muthurangu V, Khambadkone S, Derrick G, Yates R, Sury M, Bonhoeffer P, Taylor AM. Comparison of bare metal stenting and percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation for treatment of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction: use of an x-ray/magnetic resonance hybrid laboratory for acute physiological assessment. Circulation. 2009 Jun 16;119(23):2995-3001. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.836312. Epub 2009 Jun 1.
- Background: PubMed 18391109Lurz P, Coats L, Khambadkone S, Nordmeyer J, Boudjemline Y, Schievano S, Muthurangu V, Lee TY, Parenzan G, Derrick G, Cullen S, Walker F, Tsang V, Deanfield J, Taylor AM, Bonhoeffer P. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: impact of evolving technology and learning curve on clinical outcome. Circulation. 2008 Apr 15;117(15):1964-72. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.735779. Epub 2008 Apr 7.
- Background: PubMed 16014610Burkhoff D, Mirsky I, Suga H. Assessment of systolic and diastolic ventricular properties via pressure-volume analysis: a guide for clinical, translational, and basic researchers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Aug;289(2):H501-12. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00138.2005.
- Background: PubMed 16769913Dimopoulos K, Okonko DO, Diller GP, Broberg CS, Salukhe TV, Babu-Narayan SV, Li W, Uebing A, Bayne S, Wensel R, Piepoli MF, Poole-Wilson PA, Francis DP, Gatzoulis MA. Abnormal ventilatory response to exercise in adults with congenital heart disease relates to cyanosis and predicts survival. Circulation. 2006 Jun 20;113(24):2796-802. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594218. Epub 2006 Jun 12.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ingo Dähnert, MD principal investigator
Head of pediatric cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Acquisition of pressure-volume-loops in people with Pulmonary Regurgitation and Congenital Heart Disease, run by Heart Center Leipzig - University Hospital at 1 site in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 May 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Presence of RV diastolic dysfunction in CHD and RVOT dysfunction (time frame: Baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03471936, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 May 2021.