Lung NeoplasmsNCT03499535
Impact of Smoking Information on Concerns About Radon
A study testing Radon & Smoking Synergistic, Radon Only and Radon and Smoking Isolated in people with Lung Neoplasms and Radon Exposure, run by Paul Windschitl.
Trial summary
Despite a push for tailored messages, health communications are often aimed at, and viewed by, people with varying levels of risk. This project examined-in the context of radon risk messages-whether information relevant to high-risk individuals can have an unintended influence on lower-risk individuals. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Lung Neoplasms, Radon Exposure, Smoking
- What is being tested?
- Radon & Smoking Synergistic, Radon Only and Radon and Smoking Isolated
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,390 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 7 Aug 2015to 22 Apr 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Live within the US
- Have an Amazon Mechanical Turk account (website where online study was posted)
Who cannot join
- None
About this study
Despite a push for tailored messages, health communications are often aimed at, and viewed by, people with varying levels of risk. This project examined-in the context of radon risk messages-whether information relevant to high-risk individuals can have an unintended influence on lower-risk individuals. Specifically, the investigators assessed whether information about lung-cancer risk from smoking reduced concerns about lung-cancer risk from radon among nonsmokers. The investigators hypothesized that non-smokers who read a message that included smoking-relevant information would express less concern about the effects of radon exposure and less interest in testing their home compared to those who read a version in which smoking-relevant information was excluded. Two studies were conducted. Although the investigators did not exclude smokers, the focus was on participants self-identifying as nonsmokers (including never smokers and former smokers).
Read the detailed description
Despite a push for tailored messages, health communications are often aimed at, and viewed by, people with varying levels of risk. This project examined-in the context of radon risk messages-whether information relevant to high-risk individuals can have an unintended influence on lower-risk individuals. Specifically, the investigators assessed whether information about lung-cancer risk from smoking reduced concerns about lung-cancer risk from radon among nonsmokers. The investigators hypothesized that non-smokers who read a message that included smoking-relevant information would express less concern about the effects of radon exposure and less interest in testing their home compared to those who read a version in which smoking-relevant information was excluded. Two studies were conducted. Although the investigators did not exclude smokers, the focus was on participants self-identifying as nonsmokers (including never smokers and former smokers). Participants in both studies were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants viewed radon messages that varied in the information they communicated about smoking's effect on lung cancer. In Study 1, smoking information was included or excluded from messages assembled from existing radon pamphlets. In Study 2, versions of a new radon message either excluded smoking information, described smoking as a major cause of lung cancer, or also described smoking's synergistic effect with radon on lung cancer risk. After viewing a radon health message, participants completed a variety of measures. Primary measures assessed respondents' anticipated sense of concern and related reactions if they learned that they/their home had been exposed to elevated levels of radon. Other key measures included questions about participants' interest and intention to test their home for radon.
- Conditions
- Lung Neoplasms, Radon Exposure, Smoking, Intention, Risk Reduction Behavior
- Being tested
- Radon & Smoking Synergistic, Radon Only, Radon and Smoking Isolated, EPA, Idaho
- Keywords
- Risk Perception
- Medical subject headings
- Lung Neoplasms, Smoking, Risk Reduction Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Radon & Smoking SynergisticBehavioural
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from exposure to radon gas, smoking, and their synergistic effects. This intervention represents the type of information most commonly presented in radon risk communications.
Radon OnlyBehavioural
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure. No information about the risks for developing lung cancer associated with smoking or its synergistic effect with radon exposure are included.
Radon and Smoking IsolatedBehavioural
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure and smoking. No information describing the synergistic effects of smoking and radon exposure on lung cancer risk are included.
EPABehavioural
Health information modeled after the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) pamphlet on radon risk.
IdahoBehavioural
Health information modeled after the Idaho Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on radon risk.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/EPA | Active comparator | Participants viewed radon and smoking risk information taken from the EPA's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. Receives: Behavioral: Radon & Smoking Synergistic; Behavioral: EPA |
| Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/Idaho | Active comparator | Participants viewed radon and smoking risk information taken from Idaho's Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. Receives: Behavioral: Radon & Smoking Synergistic; Behavioral: Idaho |
| Study 1: Radon Only / EPA | Experimental | Participants viewed only radon risk information taken from the EPA's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. Receives: Behavioral: Radon Only; Behavioral: EPA |
| Study 1: Radon Only / Idaho | Experimental | Participants viewed only radon risk information taken from Idaho's Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. Receives: Behavioral: Radon Only; Behavioral: Idaho |
| Study 2: Radon Only | Experimental | Participants viewed a radon-only message that focused only on the effect of radon on lung-cancer risk. Receives: Behavioral: Radon Only |
| Study 2: Radon and Smoking Isolated | Other | Participants viewed a radon-and-smoking-isolated message that covered the individual effects of radon and of smoking on lung cancer, but without mentioning their synergistic effect. Receives: Behavioral: Radon and Smoking Isolated |
| Study 2: Radon & Smoking Synergistic | Active comparator | Participants viewed a radon-and-smoking-synergistic message that covered the individual effects of radon and of smoking but that also included information about their synergistic effect. Receives: Behavioral: Radon & Smoking Synergistic |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Conditional Concern Composite
Composite formed from 4 conditional questions assessing concern, perceived impact on risk and comparative risk, and threat--if exposed to radon
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 1 minute)
Interest in Testing Composite
Composite formed from 2 questions assessing importance and intention to test home for radon
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
Secondary outcomes (5)
Worry Elicited by Health Message
Single question assessing worry elicited by the health communication material
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
Likelihood Judgments about Lung Cancer
Three items assessing perceived likelihood of developing lung cancer
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Elect to Leave Email for Raffle
Participants given option to leave email address in case they won one of the 20 radon kits being raffled (Study 2).
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Elect to Read More
Participants given option to be presented with more information at the end of the session about testing for radon (Study 2).
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Concern about Loved Ones If Exposed to Radon
Rated how concerned they would be about loved ones if they learned their home had high radon (Study 2)
Measured: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Apr 2018
- Study start7 Aug 2015
- Primary completion22 Apr 2016
- Study completion22 Apr 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Lung NeoplasmsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Model description
- Study 1: Participants randomly assigned to one of two conditions. Study 2: Participants randomly assigned to one of three conditions.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 1,390 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Paul Windschitl
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Paul Windschitl, University of Iowa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03499535
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 201507727
- Status last verified
- Apr 2019
- First submitted
- 30 Mar 2018
- Last updated
- 19 Apr 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified data and guide will be made available to other investigators upon request.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Apr 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Smoking Information on Concerns About Radon
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03499535
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 201507727
- Conditions
- Lung Neoplasms, Radon Exposure, Smoking, Intention, Risk Reduction Behavior
- Keywords
- Risk Perception
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,390 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Paul WindschitlUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Aug 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Apr 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Apr 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Apr 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Despite a push for tailored messages, health communications are often aimed at, and viewed by, people with varying levels of risk. This project examined-in the context of radon risk messages-whether information relevant to high-risk individuals can have an unintended influence on lower-risk individuals. Specifically, the investigators assessed whether information about lung-cancer risk from smoking reduced concerns about lung-cancer risk from radon among nonsmokers. The investigators hypothesized that non-smokers who read a message that included smoking-relevant information would express less concern about the effects of radon exposure and less interest in testing their home compared to those who read a version in which smoking-relevant information was excluded. Two studies were conducted. Although the investigators did not exclude smokers, the focus was on participants self-identifying as nonsmokers (including never smokers and former smokers).
Detailed description
Despite a push for tailored messages, health communications are often aimed at, and viewed by, people with varying levels of risk. This project examined-in the context of radon risk messages-whether information relevant to high-risk individuals can have an unintended influence on lower-risk individuals. Specifically, the investigators assessed whether information about lung-cancer risk from smoking reduced concerns about lung-cancer risk from radon among nonsmokers. The investigators hypothesized that non-smokers who read a message that included smoking-relevant information would express less concern about the effects of radon exposure and less interest in testing their home compared to those who read a version in which smoking-relevant information was excluded. Two studies were conducted. Although the investigators did not exclude smokers, the focus was on participants self-identifying as nonsmokers (including never smokers and former smokers). Participants in both studies were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants viewed radon messages that varied in the information they communicated about smoking's effect on lung cancer. In Study 1, smoking information was included or excluded from messages assembled from existing radon pamphlets. In Study 2, versions of a new radon message either excluded smoking information, described smoking as a major cause of lung cancer, or also described smoking's synergistic effect with radon on lung cancer risk. After viewing a radon health message, participants completed a variety of measures. Primary measures assessed respondents' anticipated sense of concern and related reactions if they learned that they/their home had been exposed to elevated levels of radon. Other key measures included questions about participants' interest and intention to test their home for radon.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 7
- Model description
- Study 1: Participants randomly assigned to one of two conditions. Study 2: Participants randomly assigned to one of three conditions.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/EPA | Active comparator | Behavioral: Radon & Smoking Synergistic, Behavioral: EPAParticipants viewed radon and smoking risk information taken from the EPA's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. |
| Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/Idaho | Active comparator | Behavioral: Radon & Smoking Synergistic, Behavioral: IdahoParticipants viewed radon and smoking risk information taken from Idaho's Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. |
| Study 1: Radon Only / EPA | Experimental | Behavioral: Radon Only, Behavioral: EPAParticipants viewed only radon risk information taken from the EPA's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. |
| Study 1: Radon Only / Idaho | Experimental | Behavioral: Radon Only, Behavioral: IdahoParticipants viewed only radon risk information taken from Idaho's Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure. |
| Study 2: Radon Only | Experimental | Behavioral: Radon OnlyParticipants viewed a radon-only message that focused only on the effect of radon on lung-cancer risk. |
| Study 2: Radon and Smoking Isolated | Other | Behavioral: Radon and Smoking IsolatedParticipants viewed a radon-and-smoking-isolated message that covered the individual effects of radon and of smoking on lung cancer, but without mentioning their synergistic effect. |
| Study 2: Radon & Smoking Synergistic | Active comparator | Behavioral: Radon & Smoking SynergisticParticipants viewed a radon-and-smoking-synergistic message that covered the individual effects of radon and of smoking but that also included information about their synergistic effect. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Live within the US
- Have an Amazon Mechanical Turk account (website where online study was posted)
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- None
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Radon & Smoking SynergisticParticipants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from exposure to radon gas, smoking, and their synergistic effects. This intervention represents the type of information most commonly presented in radon risk communications. | Behavioural | Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/EPA, Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/Idaho, Study 2: Radon & Smoking Synergistic |
| Radon OnlyParticipants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure. No information about the risks for developing lung cancer associated with smoking or its synergistic effect with radon exposure are included. | Behavioural | Study 1: Radon Only / EPA, Study 1: Radon Only / Idaho, Study 2: Radon Only |
| Radon and Smoking IsolatedParticipants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure and smoking. No information describing the synergistic effects of smoking and radon exposure on lung cancer risk are included. | Behavioural | Study 2: Radon and Smoking Isolated |
| EPAHealth information modeled after the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) pamphlet on radon risk. | Behavioural | Study 1: Radon Only / EPA, Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/EPA |
| IdahoHealth information modeled after the Idaho Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on radon risk. | Behavioural | Study 1: Radon Only / Idaho, Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/Idaho |
Primary outcome
Conditional Concern Composite
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 1 minute)
Composite formed from 4 conditional questions assessing concern, perceived impact on risk and comparative risk, and threat--if exposed to radon
Interest in Testing Composite
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
Composite formed from 2 questions assessing importance and intention to test home for radon
5 secondary outcomes
Worry Elicited by Health Message
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
Likelihood Judgments about Lung Cancer
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Elect to Leave Email for Raffle
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Elect to Read More
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Concern about Loved Ones If Exposed to Radon
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Apr 2019.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified data and guide will be made available to other investigators upon request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Radon & Smoking Synergistic, Radon Only and Radon and Smoking Isolated in people with Lung Neoplasms and Radon Exposure, run by Paul Windschitl.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Apr 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Conditional Concern Composite (time frame: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 1 minute)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Apr 2019.