Control - No Incentive for Flu VaccineNCT03507231
Non-integrated Costs Increase Effectiveness of Incentives
A study testing Email Message, Incentive for Vaccination and Incentive for completing a short survey in people with Control - No Incentive for Flu Vaccine and Direct Incentive, run by Carnegie Mellon University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The investigators will test the hypothesis that the control (no incentive) condition will have the lowest vaccination rate, the main task condition will have a significantly higher vaccination rate while the indirect condition will have the highest vaccination rate. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 100 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Control - No Incentive for Flu Vaccine, Direct Incentive, Indirect Incentive
- What is being tested?
- Email Message, Incentive for Vaccination and Incentive for completing a short survey
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 12,531 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 20 Sep 2017to 20 Jan 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Must be faculty or staff at Rutgers University.
Who cannot join
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The investigators will test the hypothesis that the control (no incentive) condition will have the lowest vaccination rate, the main task condition will have a significantly higher vaccination rate while the indirect condition will have the highest vaccination rate.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three message conditions and their vaccination records obtained from the university Occupational Health Department.
Read the detailed description
The investigators will send e-mails to a complete mailing list of faculty and staff at a university. Each recipient will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: control, main task incentive or indirect incentive. Our main dependent variable will be whether or not participants decide to get vaccinated. The investigators will obtain their actual vaccination records from the university Occupational Health Department.
Within the e-mail message, participants will indicate whether or not they intend to get vaccinated. Intention serves as an indirect dependent outcome. Upon clicking to indicate their intention, participants are redirected to a page which gives further instructions on how to proceed.
Participants who vaccinate will be asked to complete a brief follow-up questionnaire to evaluate their experience with vaccination and (for those offered and incentive) to provide contact information to receive their payment.
- Being tested
- Email Message, Incentive for Vaccination, Incentive for completing a short survey
- Keywords
- incentives, field study, vaccination
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Email MessageBehavioural
Participants will randomly receive an e-mail message about the availability of free flu vaccines.
Incentive for VaccinationBehavioural
$5 gift card offered for vaccination
Incentive for completing a short surveyBehavioural
$5 gift card offered for completing s short survey after one gets vaccinated
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Active comparator | Participants will receive an E-mail Message encouraging them to get vaccinated, and asking them to indicate if they intend to do so and to complete a brief questionnaire after vaccination. Receives: Behavioral: Email Message |
| Direct Incentive | Experimental | Participants will receive an E-mail Message encouraging them to get vaccinated, and asking them to indicate if they intend to do so and to complete a brief questionnaire after vaccination. They are offered an Incentive for Vaccination ($5 Amazon Gift Card). Receives: Behavioral: Email Message; Behavioral: Incentive for Vaccination |
| Indirect Incentive | Experimental | Participants will receive an E-mail Message encouraging them to get vaccinated, and asking them to indicate if they intend to do so and to complete a brief questionnaire after vaccination. They are offered an Incentive for completing a short survey ($5 Amazon Gift Card). Receives: Behavioral: Email Message; Behavioral: Incentive for completing a short survey |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of people vaccinated
Measure the number of people who got vaccinated in the Fall 2017 semester at a large state university. We will collect vaccination records from the university Occupational Health Department
Measured: Up to 5 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Intention to get vaccinated
Participants will receive an e-mail with our main treatment manipulations. In each e-mail they will be able to indicate whether or not they want to get vaccinated. We will use this measure as a second dependent variable.
Measured: Up to 5 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Apr 2018
- Study start20 Sep 2017
- Primary completion20 Jan 2018
- Study completion20 Jan 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Control - No Incentive for Flu VaccineStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 12,531 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Rutgers University, University of Pennsylvania
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- George Loewenstein, PhD, Principal investigator, Carnegie Mellon University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03507231
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- P30AG0345462017
- Status last verified
- Apr 2018
- First submitted
- 24 Jan 2018
- Last updated
- 25 Apr 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified data (condition, vaccination status) will be shared on a site such as Open Science Framework
Publications
Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, Saulsgiver K, Harhay MO, Audrain-McGovern J, Loewenstein G, Brennan TA, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Randomized trial of four financial-incentive programs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2108-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414293. Epub 2015 May 13.
PubMed 25970009Chapman GB, Li M, Colby H, Yoon H. Opting in vs opting out of influenza vaccination. JAMA. 2010 Jul 7;304(1):43-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.892. No abstract available.
PubMed 20606147
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Apr 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Non-integrated Costs Increase Effectiveness of Incentives
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03507231
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P30AG0345462017
- Keywords
- incentives, field study, vaccination
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 12,531 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Carnegie Mellon UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Rutgers University, University of Pennsylvania
- Study start
- 20 Sep 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Jan 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Apr 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The investigators will test the hypothesis that the control (no incentive) condition will have the lowest vaccination rate, the main task condition will have a significantly higher vaccination rate while the indirect condition will have the highest vaccination rate.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three message conditions and their vaccination records obtained from the university Occupational Health Department.
Detailed description
The investigators will send e-mails to a complete mailing list of faculty and staff at a university. Each recipient will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: control, main task incentive or indirect incentive. Our main dependent variable will be whether or not participants decide to get vaccinated. The investigators will obtain their actual vaccination records from the university Occupational Health Department.
Within the e-mail message, participants will indicate whether or not they intend to get vaccinated. Intention serves as an indirect dependent outcome. Upon clicking to indicate their intention, participants are redirected to a page which gives further instructions on how to proceed.
Participants who vaccinate will be asked to complete a brief follow-up questionnaire to evaluate their experience with vaccination and (for those offered and incentive) to provide contact information to receive their payment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Active comparator | Behavioral: Email MessageParticipants will receive an E-mail Message encouraging them to get vaccinated, and asking them to indicate if they intend to do so and to complete a brief questionnaire after vaccination. |
| Direct Incentive | Experimental | Behavioral: Email Message, Behavioral: Incentive for VaccinationParticipants will receive an E-mail Message encouraging them to get vaccinated, and asking them to indicate if they intend to do so and to complete a brief questionnaire after vaccination. They are offered an Incentive for Vaccination ($5 Amazon Gift Card). |
| Indirect Incentive | Experimental | Behavioral: Email Message, Behavioral: Incentive for completing a short surveyParticipants will receive an E-mail Message encouraging them to get vaccinated, and asking them to indicate if they intend to do so and to complete a brief questionnaire after vaccination. They are offered an Incentive for completing a short survey ($5 Amazon Gift Card). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 100 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Must be faculty or staff at Rutgers University.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Email MessageParticipants will randomly receive an e-mail message about the availability of free flu vaccines. | Behavioural | Control, Direct Incentive, Indirect Incentive |
| Incentive for Vaccination$5 gift card offered for vaccination | Behavioural | Direct Incentive |
| Incentive for completing a short survey$5 gift card offered for completing s short survey after one gets vaccinated | Behavioural | Indirect Incentive |
Primary outcome
Number of people vaccinated
Time frame: Up to 5 months
Measure the number of people who got vaccinated in the Fall 2017 semester at a large state university. We will collect vaccination records from the university Occupational Health Department
1 secondary outcome
Intention to get vaccinated
Time frame: Up to 5 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Apr 2018.
- Background: PubMed 25970009Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, Saulsgiver K, Harhay MO, Audrain-McGovern J, Loewenstein G, Brennan TA, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Randomized trial of four financial-incentive programs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2108-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414293. Epub 2015 May 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 20606147Chapman GB, Li M, Colby H, Yoon H. Opting in vs opting out of influenza vaccination. JAMA. 2010 Jul 7;304(1):43-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.892. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified data (condition, vaccination status) will be shared on a site such as Open Science Framework
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
George Loewenstein, PhD principal investigator
Carnegie Mellon University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Email Message, Incentive for Vaccination and Incentive for completing a short survey in people with Control - No Incentive for Flu Vaccine and Direct Incentive, run by Carnegie Mellon University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Apr 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of people vaccinated (time frame: Up to 5 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03507231, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Apr 2018.