Craniocervical InjuriesNCT03517761
Use of Bone Marrow Concentrate for Treatment of Alar, Accessory, and Transverse Ligament Injuries
A study testing Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment in people with Craniocervical Injuries, run by Regenexx, LLC at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx for treating alar and transverse ligament injuries with bone marrow concentrate for patients with craniocervical junction (CCJ) instability. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Craniocervical Injuries
- What is being tested?
- Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 23 Mar 2018to Dec 2030
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- -1) Voluntary signature of the IRB approved Informed Consent, 2) Skeletally mature Male or Female ages 18 to 65 3) Must have a specific inciting injury event that occurred less than 10 years ago where the patient experienced trauma that caused the problem-meaning from that day on, they had the symptoms for which they are now seeking treatment 4) Upper cervical symptoms predominate: Patient must have a headache since the event and must have one of the following: dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, or visual disturbances 5) Patient must be able to care for themselves without assistance 6) NDI percentage score (raw NDI score times 2) at least 30 (moderate disability) 7) Imaging: Must have DMX lateral overhang of C1 on C2 in lateral bending open mouth view of at least 3mm or grabb-oakes of >9mm on cervical flexion MRI-change in signal on static imaging does not qualify the patient 8) Has not responded long-term to conservative care 9) Upper cervical fusion candidate 10) Exam is c/w upper cervical injury (i.e. tenderness along upper cervical facet joints and/or musculature/skull base, proprioceptive difficulties)
- 11) Is independent, ambulatory, and can comply with all post-operative evaluations and visits 12) Patient states strong desire to avoid surgery
Who cannot join
- 13) Known or diagnosed EDS based on Beighton criteria: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Beightonscore 14) Lower or mid-cervical symptomatic disease (tenderness in mid to lower cervical facets, radiculopathy, radiating symptoms into shoulder blade, epicondylitis, numbness and tingling in hands) 15) Prior spinal fusion or surgery at any segment in cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine 16) NDI % score > than 56 (severe disability), unless at the discretion of the independent physician review 17) Prior or current history of a metabolic disorder like diabetes, anorexia, other eating disorder, BMI>40 18) Unable to tolerate injections due to central sensitization (i.e. significant intolerance to manual therapy such as massage, activity such as physical therapy, or an exaggerated pain response to prior injection therapy) 19) Prior epidural or other milligram dose steroid injection in any area within the past 6 months 20) Prior prolotherapy or platelet-based injections to the cervical spine within the last 3 months 21) Prior radiofrequency ablation to the cervical spine within the last 2 years 22) Physical infirmity that is incompatible with the procedure and/or anesthesia required for same 23) Unable to tolerate the injection position 24) Abnormal anatomy seen on MRI imaging that would make the procedure higher risk (e.g. congenital atlanto-axial fusion, atlas assimilation, upper cervical fracture or surgical fusion) 25) Inflammatory or auto-immune based pathology (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, polymyalgia, polymyositis, gout, pseudo gout) 26) Quinolone or Statin induced myopathy/tendinopathy 27) Condition represents a worker's compensation case 28) Currently involved in a health-related litigation procedure 29) Is pregnant 30) Bleeding disorders 31) Currently taking anticoagulant or immunosuppressive medication 32) Allergy or intolerance to study medication 33) Use of and significant physical dependence on a chronic opioid (>20 mg oxycodone equivalent per day) 34) Documented history of drug abuse within six months of treatment 35) Any other condition, that in the opinion of the investigator, that would preclude the patient from enrollment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Neven Steinmetz, PhD contact
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Ehren Dodson
Broomfield, Colorado, 80021
Ehren Dodson, PhD, 7202877199, edodson@regenexx.com
Neven Steinmetz, PhD, 3034296448 ext. 141, nsteinmetz@regenexx.com
About this study
Official title: A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Use of Bone Marrow Concentrate for the Treatment of Alar, Accessory, and Transverse Ligament Injuries
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx for treating alar and transverse ligament injuries with bone marrow concentrate for patients with craniocervical junction (CCJ) instability.
Read the detailed description
This study will be a single-center, prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study of patients with CCJ instability that are randomized to either 2 bone marrow concentrate (BMC) treatments or 2 sham procedure to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx for treating alar and transverse ligament injuries in addition to upper cervical injection treatment. Patients will undergo a bone marrow aspiration of approximately 30-60 cc from the posterior superior iliac crest for each procedure. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet lysate (PL) will be derived from the bone marrow aspirate and later mixed with the bone marrow nucleated cell layer for those in the treatment group. While under unconscious TIVA anesthesia, the injectate is then injected under fluoroscopy into the area in need of treatment using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx with direct visualization of the injection site via endoscopy. Patients will be repositioned in the prone position to then receive upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets. Patients assigned to the sham control condition will also undergo a bone marrow aspiration of 30-60 cc to maintain blinding. Control subjects will receive a sham procedure of a small skin puncture to the posterior oropharynx guided under fluoroscopy while under anesthesia, as well as those pokes to mimic the upper cervical injections to the C0-C3 ligaments and facets. In this group, the BMC will be donated for research purposes and not used clinically. Study patients will be evaluated at 3 months after the 2nd procedure months using patient reported clinical outcome questionnaires and digital motion x-ray. Control patients can crossover to the treatment group after being unblinded at 3-months after the 2nd procedure.
As an alternative to invasive surgery, ligament injections of proliferant agents (prolotherapy) have been proposed to treat cervical instability. Our group has used a blinded flexion-extension radiography to demonstrate that injections of cervical proliferant agents (hypertonic dextrose) into the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments can objectively reduce excessive cervical translation in flexion (Centeno et al. 2005). More recently we have published on the use of bone marrow concentrate to demonstrate MRI evidence of robust ACL ligament signal changes consistent with healing and repair (Centeno et al. 2015).
One of the challenges of treating the upper cervical ligaments through injection is that they can't be accessed from the posterior due to obstruction from the cervical spinal cord.Our group has developed an injection technique using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx, which allows direct access to the ligaments for injection. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure in carefully selected CCJ instability patients.
- Conditions
- Craniocervical Injuries
- Being tested
- Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment, Sham Control
- Keywords
- CCJ, Bone Marrow Concentrate, Stem Cell Therapy, Alar Ligament, Transverse Ligament
- Medical subject headings
- Trauma, Nervous System
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bone Marrow Concentrate treatmentBiological
While under unconscious TIVA anesthesia, the injectate is then injected under fluoroscopy into the area in need of treatment using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx with direct visualization of the injection site via endoscopy. The alar, transverse, and accessory ligaments are the target areas to be treated with the bone marrow concentrate injectate. Patients will be repositioned in the prone position to then receive upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets.Patients will receive 2 of these treatment procedures 3 months apart.
Sham ControlOther
Control subjects will receive a sham procedure of a small skin puncture to the posterior oropharynx guided under fluoroscopy while under anesthesia.Patients will also receive small skin punctures to the back of the neck to mimic ligament and facet injections. Patients will receive 2 of these procedure 3 months apart.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment | Experimental | Bone marrow concentrate subjects will undergo a bone marrow aspiration of approximately 30-60 cc. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet lysate (PL) will be derived from the bone marrow aspirate and later mixed with the bone marrow nucleated cell layer. Injectate will then be used to treat the ligaments in the CCJ and upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets. Receives: Biological: Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment |
| Sham Control | Sham comparator | Control subjects will also undergo a bone marrow aspiration of 30-60 cc to maintain blinding. Control subjects will receive a sham procedure of a small skin puncture to the posterior oropharynx guided under fluoroscopy while under anesthesia as well as receive sham upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets. Receives: Other: Sham Control |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Headache Impact Test score change from baseline
The difference between treatment groups in the within patient mean change from baseline to 6 months in Headache Impact Test scores.
Measured: Change from Baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
Secondary outcomes (10)
Neck Disability Index score change from baseline
Difference between groups in changes scores for Neck Disability Index scores from baseline and 6 months.
Measured: Change from baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
Neck Disability Index score change from baseline
Difference between groups in changes scores for Neck Disability Index scores from baseline and 12 months.
Measured: Change from baseline to 6 months after 2nd treatment
Short Form Health Survey change from baseline
Difference between groups in changes scores for Short Form Health Survey scores from baseline and 6 months.
Measured: Change from baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
Short Form Health Survey change from baseline
Difference between groups in changes scores for Short Form Health Survey scores from baseline and 12 months.
Measured: Change from baseline to 6 months after 2nd treatment
Numeric Pain Scale change from baseline
Difference between groups in changes scores for numeric pain scores from baseline and 6 months, where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Measured: Change from baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
Numeric Pain Scale change from baseline
Difference between groups in changes scores for numeric pain scores from baseline and 12 months, where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Measured: Change from baseline to 6 months after 2nd treatment
Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation improvement rating -modified
Difference between groups for mean improvement scores at 6 months, where -100=100% worse from baseline and 100=100% better or improved from baseline
Measured: mean at 3 months after 2nd treatment
Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation improvement rating -modified
Difference between groups for mean improvement scores at 12 months, where -100=100% worse from baseline and 100=100% better or improved from baseline
Measured: mean at 6 months after 2nd treatment
Adverse events
Any complication of adverse event
Measured: Thru 6 month post procedure after 2nd treatment
C1-C2 overhang
Post-op DMX studies will also be used to quantify any reduction in C1-C2 overhang or ADI.
Measured: 3 months after 2nd treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 May 2018
- Study start23 Mar 2018
- Primary completionDec 2030 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2030 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Craniocervical InjuriesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Single-center, prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study to include 80 subjects total, 40 treated with Bone Marrow Concentrate and 40 subjects treated with a Sham Procedure with cross-over from the sham to active group at 6 months
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Regenexx, LLC
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Christopher Centeno, MD, Principal investigator, Regenexx, LLC
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03517761
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RSI2017-RCT01
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Mar 2018
- Last updated
- 6 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Centeno CJ, Elliott J, Elkins WL, Freeman M. Fluoroscopically guided cervical prolotherapy for instability with blinded pre and post radiographic reading. Pain Physician. 2005 Jan;8(1):67-72.
PubMed 16850045Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ 3rd, Lydon C, Dvorak J. The mechanical properties of human alar and transverse ligaments at slow and fast extension rates. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 1998 Mar;13(2):112-120. doi: 10.1016/s0268-0033(97)00053-3.
PubMed 11415778Rajwanshi A, Rohilla M, Singh P. Trans-oral fine needle aspiration cytology in cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral lesions: a novel diagnostic approach. Cytopathology. 2017 Feb;28(1):31-34. doi: 10.1111/cyt.12361. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
PubMed 27489015Centeno CJ, Pitts J, Al-Sayegh H, Freeman MD. Anterior cruciate ligament tears treated with percutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells: a case series. J Pain Res. 2015 Jul 31;8:437-47. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S86244. eCollection 2015.
PubMed 26261424
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Use of Bone Marrow Concentrate for the Treatment of Alar, Accessory, and Transverse Ligament Injuries
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03517761
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RSI2017-RCT01
- Conditions
- Craniocervical Injuries
- Keywords
- CCJ, Bone Marrow Concentrate, Stem Cell Therapy, Alar Ligament, Transverse Ligament
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Regenexx, LLCIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- 23 Mar 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2030 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2030 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 May 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx for treating alar and transverse ligament injuries with bone marrow concentrate for patients with craniocervical junction (CCJ) instability.
Detailed description
This study will be a single-center, prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study of patients with CCJ instability that are randomized to either 2 bone marrow concentrate (BMC) treatments or 2 sham procedure to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx for treating alar and transverse ligament injuries in addition to upper cervical injection treatment. Patients will undergo a bone marrow aspiration of approximately 30-60 cc from the posterior superior iliac crest for each procedure. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet lysate (PL) will be derived from the bone marrow aspirate and later mixed with the bone marrow nucleated cell layer for those in the treatment group. While under unconscious TIVA anesthesia, the injectate is then injected under fluoroscopy into the area in need of treatment using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx with direct visualization of the injection site via endoscopy. Patients will be repositioned in the prone position to then receive upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets. Patients assigned to the sham control condition will also undergo a bone marrow aspiration of 30-60 cc to maintain blinding. Control subjects will receive a sham procedure of a small skin puncture to the posterior oropharynx guided under fluoroscopy while under anesthesia, as well as those pokes to mimic the upper cervical injections to the C0-C3 ligaments and facets. In this group, the BMC will be donated for research purposes and not used clinically. Study patients will be evaluated at 3 months after the 2nd procedure months using patient reported clinical outcome questionnaires and digital motion x-ray. Control patients can crossover to the treatment group after being unblinded at 3-months after the 2nd procedure.
As an alternative to invasive surgery, ligament injections of proliferant agents (prolotherapy) have been proposed to treat cervical instability. Our group has used a blinded flexion-extension radiography to demonstrate that injections of cervical proliferant agents (hypertonic dextrose) into the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments can objectively reduce excessive cervical translation in flexion (Centeno et al. 2005). More recently we have published on the use of bone marrow concentrate to demonstrate MRI evidence of robust ACL ligament signal changes consistent with healing and repair (Centeno et al. 2015).
One of the challenges of treating the upper cervical ligaments through injection is that they can't be accessed from the posterior due to obstruction from the cervical spinal cord.Our group has developed an injection technique using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx, which allows direct access to the ligaments for injection. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure in carefully selected CCJ instability patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Single-center, prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study to include 80 subjects total, 40 treated with Bone Marrow Concentrate and 40 subjects treated with a Sham Procedure with cross-over from the sham to active group at 6 months
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment | Experimental | Biological: Bone Marrow Concentrate treatmentBone marrow concentrate subjects will undergo a bone marrow aspiration of approximately 30-60 cc. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet lysate (PL) will be derived from the bone marrow aspirate and later mixed with the bone marrow nucleated cell layer. Injectate will then be used to treat the ligaments in the CCJ and upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets. |
| Sham Control | Sham comparator | Other: Sham ControlControl subjects will also undergo a bone marrow aspiration of 30-60 cc to maintain blinding. Control subjects will receive a sham procedure of a small skin puncture to the posterior oropharynx guided under fluoroscopy while under anesthesia as well as receive sham upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- -1) Voluntary signature of the IRB approved Informed Consent, 2) Skeletally mature Male or Female ages 18 to 65 3) Must have a specific inciting injury event that occurred less than 10 years ago where the patient experienced trauma that caused the problem-meaning from that day on, they had the symptoms for which they are now seeking treatment 4) Upper cervical symptoms predominate: Patient must have a headache since the event and must have one of the following: dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, or visual disturbances 5) Patient must be able to care for themselves without assistance 6) NDI percentage score (raw NDI score times 2) at least 30 (moderate disability) 7) Imaging: Must have DMX lateral overhang of C1 on C2 in lateral bending open mouth view of at least 3mm or grabb-oakes of >9mm on cervical flexion MRI-change in signal on static imaging does not qualify the patient 8) Has not responded long-term to conservative care 9) Upper cervical fusion candidate 10) Exam is c/w upper cervical injury (i.e. tenderness along upper cervical facet joints and/or musculature/skull base, proprioceptive difficulties)
- 11) Is independent, ambulatory, and can comply with all post-operative evaluations and visits 12) Patient states strong desire to avoid surgery
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- 13) Known or diagnosed EDS based on Beighton criteria: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Beightonscore 14) Lower or mid-cervical symptomatic disease (tenderness in mid to lower cervical facets, radiculopathy, radiating symptoms into shoulder blade, epicondylitis, numbness and tingling in hands) 15) Prior spinal fusion or surgery at any segment in cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine 16) NDI % score > than 56 (severe disability), unless at the discretion of the independent physician review 17) Prior or current history of a metabolic disorder like diabetes, anorexia, other eating disorder, BMI>40 18) Unable to tolerate injections due to central sensitization (i.e. significant intolerance to manual therapy such as massage, activity such as physical therapy, or an exaggerated pain response to prior injection therapy) 19) Prior epidural or other milligram dose steroid injection in any area within the past 6 months 20) Prior prolotherapy or platelet-based injections to the cervical spine within the last 3 months 21) Prior radiofrequency ablation to the cervical spine within the last 2 years 22) Physical infirmity that is incompatible with the procedure and/or anesthesia required for same 23) Unable to tolerate the injection position 24) Abnormal anatomy seen on MRI imaging that would make the procedure higher risk (e.g. congenital atlanto-axial fusion, atlas assimilation, upper cervical fracture or surgical fusion) 25) Inflammatory or auto-immune based pathology (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, polymyalgia, polymyositis, gout, pseudo gout) 26) Quinolone or Statin induced myopathy/tendinopathy 27) Condition represents a worker's compensation case 28) Currently involved in a health-related litigation procedure 29) Is pregnant 30) Bleeding disorders 31) Currently taking anticoagulant or immunosuppressive medication 32) Allergy or intolerance to study medication 33) Use of and significant physical dependence on a chronic opioid (>20 mg oxycodone equivalent per day) 34) Documented history of drug abuse within six months of treatment 35) Any other condition, that in the opinion of the investigator, that would preclude the patient from enrollment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow Concentrate treatmentWhile under unconscious TIVA anesthesia, the injectate is then injected under fluoroscopy into the area in need of treatment using an anterior approach through the posterior oropharynx with direct visualization of the injection site via endoscopy. The alar, transverse, and accessory ligaments are the target areas to be treated with the bone marrow concentrate injectate. Patients will be repositioned in the prone position to then receive upper cervical injections to C0-C3 ligaments and facets.Patients will receive 2 of these treatment procedures 3 months apart. | Biological | Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment |
| Sham ControlControl subjects will receive a sham procedure of a small skin puncture to the posterior oropharynx guided under fluoroscopy while under anesthesia.Patients will also receive small skin punctures to the back of the neck to mimic ligament and facet injections. Patients will receive 2 of these procedure 3 months apart. | Other | Sham Control |
Primary outcome
Headache Impact Test score change from baseline
Time frame: Change from Baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
The difference between treatment groups in the within patient mean change from baseline to 6 months in Headache Impact Test scores.
10 secondary outcomes
Neck Disability Index score change from baseline
Time frame: Change from baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
Neck Disability Index score change from baseline
Time frame: Change from baseline to 6 months after 2nd treatment
Short Form Health Survey change from baseline
Time frame: Change from baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
Short Form Health Survey change from baseline
Time frame: Change from baseline to 6 months after 2nd treatment
Numeric Pain Scale change from baseline
Time frame: Change from baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment
Numeric Pain Scale change from baseline
Time frame: Change from baseline to 6 months after 2nd treatment
Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation improvement rating -modified
Time frame: mean at 3 months after 2nd treatment
Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation improvement rating -modified
Time frame: mean at 6 months after 2nd treatment
Adverse events
Time frame: Thru 6 month post procedure after 2nd treatment
C1-C2 overhang
Time frame: 3 months after 2nd treatment
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Apr 2025.
- Background: PubMed 16850045Centeno CJ, Elliott J, Elkins WL, Freeman M. Fluoroscopically guided cervical prolotherapy for instability with blinded pre and post radiographic reading. Pain Physician. 2005 Jan;8(1):67-72.
- Background: PubMed 11415778Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ 3rd, Lydon C, Dvorak J. The mechanical properties of human alar and transverse ligaments at slow and fast extension rates. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 1998 Mar;13(2):112-120. doi: 10.1016/s0268-0033(97)00053-3.
- Background: PubMed 27489015Rajwanshi A, Rohilla M, Singh P. Trans-oral fine needle aspiration cytology in cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral lesions: a novel diagnostic approach. Cytopathology. 2017 Feb;28(1):31-34. doi: 10.1111/cyt.12361. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
- Background: PubMed 26261424Centeno CJ, Pitts J, Al-Sayegh H, Freeman MD. Anterior cruciate ligament tears treated with percutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells: a case series. J Pain Res. 2015 Jul 31;8:437-47. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S86244. eCollection 2015.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Craniocervical Injuries
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
Posterior Cervical Fixation Study
Degenerative Disc Disease, Craniocervical Injuries
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Neven Steinmetz, PhD contact
Christopher Centeno, MD principal investigator
Regenexx, LLC
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bone Marrow Concentrate treatment in people with Craniocervical Injuries, run by Regenexx, LLC at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ehren R Dodson, PhD (720-287-7199, edodson@regenexx.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Headache Impact Test score change from baseline (time frame: Change from Baseline to 3 months after 2nd treatment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03517761, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Apr 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.