Deep Transverse Friction MassageNCT03540888
Effects of Deep Friction Vs Stretching Techniques
A study testing Deep transverse Friction Massage, Dynamic stretching intervention and Static stretching intervention in people with Deep Transverse Friction Massage, run by Mohammed Ali FAKHRO, DPT at 1 site in Lebanon.
Trial summary
Flexibility, agility and muscle strength are key factors to either win or lose a game. Recently the effect of a new technique, deep transverse friction massage (DTFM), on muscle extensibility, strength and agility and injury occurrence has been examined, as compared to traditional stretching techniques. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Deep Transverse Friction Massage
- What is being tested?
- Deep transverse Friction Massage, Dynamic stretching intervention and Static stretching intervention
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 96 participants
- Where
- 1 siteLebanon
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2017to 31 Jul 2017
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Male
- Football player
- Physically active (1 to 3 hours of football per week).
Who cannot join
- Under the age of 18 and over 35 years who presented with an injury to the musculoskeletal system.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Deep Transverse Friction Massage Versus Stretching Techniques on Performance Among Lebanese and Syrian Football Players
Flexibility, agility and muscle strength are key factors to either win or lose a game. Recently the effect of a new technique, deep transverse friction massage (DTFM), on muscle extensibility, strength and agility and injury occurrence has been examined, as compared to traditional stretching techniques.
Read the detailed description
Background: Flexibility, agility and muscle strength are key factors to either win or lose a game. Recently the effect of a new technique, deep transverse friction massage (DTFM), on muscle extensibility, strength and agility and injury occurrence has been examined, as compared to traditional stretching techniques.
Hypothesis/Purpose: To compare the effect of DTFM vs static and dynamic stretching techniques on hamstrings extensibility, agility and strength among Lebanese and Syrian football players.
Study Design: This study is a single-blinded prospective longitudinal randomized control trial (RCT).
Methods: Football players were randomized into three intervention groups. Straight leg raise (SLR), T-drill, and 1 repetition maximum (RM) tests were used to measure extensibility, agility and maximal muscle strength respectively.
- Conditions
- Deep Transverse Friction Massage
- Being tested
- Deep transverse Friction Massage, Dynamic stretching intervention, Static stretching intervention
- Keywords
- Dynamic Stretching, Static Stretching, Manual Therapy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Deep transverse Friction MassageOther
Also called DTFM
The procedure consisted of applying friction massage by fingertips transversely to the hamstrings tendon, in a sitting position. The tendon was located over four finger widths proximal to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur
Dynamic stretching interventionOther
Participants in this group, swung their tested leg actively into hip flexion while keeping their knee fully extended and their ankle fully plantar flexed until a stretch was felt in the posterior thigh. This was repeated over 30 seconds and included in the participant's warm-up phase.
Static stretching interventionOther
In the static stretching intervention, all participants laid on the floor in a supine position with both feet pointing upwards, with the tested limb in full knee extension and the foot in a relaxed position. The tested limb was moved up passively to a point of slight pain or discomfort at the posterior aspect of the thigh. This technique puts the hamstrings muscle at its greatest possible length. This position should be held for 30 seconds and was performed three times for a total of one minute and 30 seconds, 15 minutes after a match or training. The contralateral leg was stabilized by means of another collaborator in order to prevent compensation by rotation or elevation of the pelvis.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Transverse Friction Massage group | Experimental | Deep transverse friction massage group. Participants were taught by one of the examiners how to sit and perform pre-exercise self-massages on their tested leg musculotendinous junction (MTJ). The procedure consisted of applying friction massage by fingertips transversely to the hamstrings tendon, in a sitting position. The tendon was located over four finger widths proximal to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur. One examiner carefully monitored how the technique was performed to assure the precision of the application. This massage technique was applied over a duration of 30 seconds. Receives: Other: Deep transverse Friction Massage |
| Dynamic stretching intervention | Active comparator | The dynamic stretching intervention was included for its positive effects on agility and muscle strength. Participants in this group, swung their tested leg actively into hip flexion while keeping their knee fully extended and their ankle fully plantar flexed until a stretch was felt in the posterior thigh. This was repeated over 30 seconds and included in the participant's warm-up phase. Receives: Other: Dynamic stretching intervention |
| Static stretching intervention | Active comparator | In the static stretching intervention, all participants laid on the floor in a supine position with both feet pointing upwards, with the tested limb in full knee extension and the foot in a relaxed position. The tested limb was moved up passively to a point of slight pain or discomfort at the posterior aspect of the thigh. This technique puts the hamstrings muscle at its greatest possible length. This position should be held for 30 seconds and was performed three times for a total of one minute and 30 seconds, 15 minutes after a match or training. The contralateral leg was stabilized by means of another collaborator in order to prevent compensation by rotation or elevation of the pelvis. Receives: Other: Static stretching intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in flexibility was measured by Straight leg raise test.
Straight leg raise (SLR) is a widely used outcome measure used to assess the extensibility of the hamstrings muscle. SLR was first applied to all participants across the groups. All football players laid supine and taught to relax during testing. The tested limb was raised by a volunteer therapist with the knee in full extension and the foot in a relaxed position. The other lower limb was stabilized in a neutral hip rotation and full knee extension by another volunteer. The test was stopped once the therapist felt a strong resistance, or when the pelvic rotation was noted. Then, the assessor placed the goniometer over the greater trochanter, with one arm aligning the lateral femoral condyle, and the other arm aligning parallel to the ground, in a direction to the mid-axillary line and recorded the hip angle. The scores were recorded as degrees of range of movement.
Measured: baseline, on the first session; (2) 15 minutes, after the first intervention (acute phase); and (3) after four weeks
Change in agility was measured by T-Drill test.
The T-Drill has been proven to be a highly reliable testing measurement. Footballers were instructed on how to perform the T-Drill and on the test procedures. Then, they were instructed to jog for 2 min to warm-up. The participants performed the T-drill twice and the trial with the best time was taken for analysis by the mean of an alert assessor with a stopwatch. Results were measured in seconds and scores were interpreted as (1) excellent, < 9.5; (2) good, 9.5-10.5; (3) average, 10.5-11.5; and (4) poor, > 11.5.
Measured: baseline, on the first session; (2) 15 minutes, after the first intervention (acute phase); and (3) after four weeks
Change in Strength was measured by one repetition maximum (1RM) tests
After a rest time of 5 min, participants were guided to the knee flexors strengthening machine (hamstrings curl machine) for one repetition maximum (1RM) testing. Resistance was placed just proximal to the posterior part of the calcaneus bone. Footballers performed first specific warm-up, consisting of a set of ten repetitions of knee flexion, with a light load. Afterwards, for safety reasons, an estimation of hamstring 1RM was calculated using Brzycki formula [Weight lifted ÷ (1.0278 - (0.0278 × Number of repetitions)]. This formula exhibited a relatively low level of bias (1.6 to 0 kg). Maximal voluntary strength was recorded in kilograms.
Measured: baseline, on the first session; (2) 15 minutes, after the first intervention (acute phase); and (3) after four weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in injury occurrence rate
Measured by recording if any injury affected the players.
Measured: baseline, after 4 weeks.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 May 2018
- Study start1 Jun 2017
- Primary completion31 Jul 2017
- Study completion31 Jul 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Deep Transverse Friction MassageStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- In order to compare the effects of DTFM to static and dynamic stretching techniques, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (a) DTFM group, (b) Dynamic stretching group, and (c) Static stretching group, and were followed- up over four weeks period.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 96 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mohammed Ali FAKHRO, DPT
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Mohammed Ali FAKHRO, DPT, Lebanese German University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03540888
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Deep transverse friction
- Status last verified
- Aug 2019
- First submitted
- 4 May 2018
- Last updated
- 14 Aug 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Aug 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Deep Transverse Friction Massage Versus Stretching Techniques on Performance Among Lebanese and Syrian Football Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03540888
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Deep transverse friction
- Conditions
- Deep Transverse Friction Massage
- Keywords
- Dynamic Stretching, Static Stretching, Manual Therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 96 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mohammed Ali FAKHRO, DPTUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jul 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 May 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Flexibility, agility and muscle strength are key factors to either win or lose a game. Recently the effect of a new technique, deep transverse friction massage (DTFM), on muscle extensibility, strength and agility and injury occurrence has been examined, as compared to traditional stretching techniques.
Detailed description
Background: Flexibility, agility and muscle strength are key factors to either win or lose a game. Recently the effect of a new technique, deep transverse friction massage (DTFM), on muscle extensibility, strength and agility and injury occurrence has been examined, as compared to traditional stretching techniques.
Hypothesis/Purpose: To compare the effect of DTFM vs static and dynamic stretching techniques on hamstrings extensibility, agility and strength among Lebanese and Syrian football players.
Study Design: This study is a single-blinded prospective longitudinal randomized control trial (RCT).
Methods: Football players were randomized into three intervention groups. Straight leg raise (SLR), T-drill, and 1 repetition maximum (RM) tests were used to measure extensibility, agility and maximal muscle strength respectively.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- In order to compare the effects of DTFM to static and dynamic stretching techniques, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (a) DTFM group, (b) Dynamic stretching group, and (c) Static stretching group, and were followed- up over four weeks period.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Transverse Friction Massage group | Experimental | Other: Deep transverse Friction MassageDeep transverse friction massage group. Participants were taught by one of the examiners how to sit and perform pre-exercise self-massages on their tested leg musculotendinous junction (MTJ). The procedure consisted of applying friction massage by fingertips transversely to the hamstrings tendon, in a sitting position. The tendon was located over four finger widths proximal to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur. One examiner carefully monitored how the technique was performed to assure the precision of the application. This massage technique was applied over a duration of 30 seconds. |
| Dynamic stretching intervention | Active comparator | Other: Dynamic stretching interventionThe dynamic stretching intervention was included for its positive effects on agility and muscle strength. Participants in this group, swung their tested leg actively into hip flexion while keeping their knee fully extended and their ankle fully plantar flexed until a stretch was felt in the posterior thigh. This was repeated over 30 seconds and included in the participant's warm-up phase. |
| Static stretching intervention | Active comparator | Other: Static stretching interventionIn the static stretching intervention, all participants laid on the floor in a supine position with both feet pointing upwards, with the tested limb in full knee extension and the foot in a relaxed position. The tested limb was moved up passively to a point of slight pain or discomfort at the posterior aspect of the thigh. This technique puts the hamstrings muscle at its greatest possible length. This position should be held for 30 seconds and was performed three times for a total of one minute and 30 seconds, 15 minutes after a match or training. The contralateral leg was stabilized by means of another collaborator in order to prevent compensation by rotation or elevation of the pelvis. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Male
- Football player
- Physically active (1 to 3 hours of football per week).
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Under the age of 18 and over 35 years who presented with an injury to the musculoskeletal system.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Deep transverse Friction MassageAlso: DTFMThe procedure consisted of applying friction massage by fingertips transversely to the hamstrings tendon, in a sitting position. The tendon was located over four finger widths proximal to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur | Other | Deep Transverse Friction Massage group |
| Dynamic stretching interventionParticipants in this group, swung their tested leg actively into hip flexion while keeping their knee fully extended and their ankle fully plantar flexed until a stretch was felt in the posterior thigh. This was repeated over 30 seconds and included in the participant's warm-up phase. | Other | Dynamic stretching intervention |
| Static stretching interventionIn the static stretching intervention, all participants laid on the floor in a supine position with both feet pointing upwards, with the tested limb in full knee extension and the foot in a relaxed position. The tested limb was moved up passively to a point of slight pain or discomfort at the posterior aspect of the thigh. This technique puts the hamstrings muscle at its greatest possible length. This position should be held for 30 seconds and was performed three times for a total of one minute and 30 seconds, 15 minutes after a match or training. The contralateral leg was stabilized by means of another collaborator in order to prevent compensation by rotation or elevation of the pelvis. | Other | Static stretching intervention |
Primary outcome
Change in flexibility was measured by Straight leg raise test.
Time frame: baseline, on the first session; (2) 15 minutes, after the first intervention (acute phase); and (3) after four weeks
Straight leg raise (SLR) is a widely used outcome measure used to assess the extensibility of the hamstrings muscle. SLR was first applied to all participants across the groups. All football players laid supine and taught to relax during testing. The tested limb was raised by a volunteer therapist with the knee in full extension and the foot in a relaxed position. The other lower limb was stabilized in a neutral hip rotation and full knee extension by another volunteer. The test was stopped once the therapist felt a strong resistance, or when the pelvic rotation was noted. Then, the assessor placed the goniometer over the greater trochanter, with one arm aligning the lateral femoral condyle, and the other arm aligning parallel to the ground, in a direction to the mid-axillary line and recorded the hip angle. The scores were recorded as degrees of range of movement.
Change in agility was measured by T-Drill test.
Time frame: baseline, on the first session; (2) 15 minutes, after the first intervention (acute phase); and (3) after four weeks
The T-Drill has been proven to be a highly reliable testing measurement. Footballers were instructed on how to perform the T-Drill and on the test procedures. Then, they were instructed to jog for 2 min to warm-up. The participants performed the T-drill twice and the trial with the best time was taken for analysis by the mean of an alert assessor with a stopwatch. Results were measured in seconds and scores were interpreted as (1) excellent, < 9.5; (2) good, 9.5-10.5; (3) average, 10.5-11.5; and (4) poor, > 11.5.
Change in Strength was measured by one repetition maximum (1RM) tests
Time frame: baseline, on the first session; (2) 15 minutes, after the first intervention (acute phase); and (3) after four weeks
After a rest time of 5 min, participants were guided to the knee flexors strengthening machine (hamstrings curl machine) for one repetition maximum (1RM) testing. Resistance was placed just proximal to the posterior part of the calcaneus bone. Footballers performed first specific warm-up, consisting of a set of ten repetitions of knee flexion, with a light load. Afterwards, for safety reasons, an estimation of hamstring 1RM was calculated using Brzycki formula [Weight lifted ÷ (1.0278 - (0.0278 × Number of repetitions)]. This formula exhibited a relatively low level of bias (1.6 to 0 kg). Maximal voluntary strength was recorded in kilograms.
1 secondary outcome
Change in injury occurrence rate
Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Aug 2019.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Deep transverse Friction Massage, Dynamic stretching intervention and Static stretching intervention in people with Deep Transverse Friction Massage, run by Mohammed Ali FAKHRO, DPT at 1 site in Lebanon.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Aug 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Lebanon. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in flexibility was measured by Straight leg raise test. (time frame: baseline, on the first session; (2) 15 minutes, after the first intervention (acute phase); and (3) after four weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Aug 2019.