HospitalizationsNCT03646435
Use of Wearables in Hospitalized General Medicine Patients
A study testing Fitbit Charge 2 in people with Hospitalizations, run by University Health Network, Toronto at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
This study will focus to determine the usefulness of continuous monitoring and the role it would play in improving inpatient management. The study is also conducted to collect patient's experiences regarding use of the wearable device for health monitoring. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Hospitalizations
- What is being tested?
- Fitbit Charge 2
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- 12 Jun 2019to 1 Nov 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- General internal medicine patients admitted to General Medicine Wards.
- Able to consent.
- Able to speak English.
- 18 years of age or older
Who cannot join
- Patients who are purely palliative "comfort measures only" where measuring vital signs would not be appropriate and will be excluded.
- To reduce the potential risk of transmitting nosocomial infections, patients under contact precautions for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile infections will also be excluded.
- We will also excluded patients at risk of vascular compromise of the arm on which the wearable device was to be placed, such as patients with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis, peripherally inserted central catheters, radial arterial lines, dialysis fistulas, and severe upper extremity trauma.
- We will exclude patients with significant cognitive impairment as patients will be required to complete daily surveys.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Use of Fitbit Charge 2 in Hospitalized General Medicine Patients to Monitor Health Outcomes
This study will focus to determine the usefulness of continuous monitoring and the role it would play in improving inpatient management. The study is also conducted to collect patient's experiences regarding use of the wearable device for health monitoring. There will be no control or comparison group for this prospective cohort study. For each participant, the investigators will provide summary of their data to nurses and physicians who are directly involved in the patients' care. At the end of the study for each participant, the investigators will ask questions related to how useful they found the data. As a secondary endpoint for this study, the study team will also be evaluating the accuracy of the heart rate, sleep and activity data gathered from the wearable against the current gold standard used in hospitals (ie. information gathered by nurses or using sleep assessment patient questionnaires). The investigators predict that wearable devices will be well received among participants and that they can provide accurate information about patients on GIM.
Read the detailed description
Patients admitted to general internal medicine are admitted because they are sick and need monitoring that cannot be provided at home, need expedited testing and/or need treatments that are best administered in hospital. Currently, standard monitoring on the hospital ward consists of measuring vital signs typically twice a day. The rapid development, uptake of affordable wearables such as smartwatches and wearable devices that involve continuous measurement of vital measures may provide added information to the care of inpatients. To date, there have been limited studies on the use of wearables in hospitalized medical patients. The rationale for the study is to determine feasibility of using wearables in GIM patients and usefulness of the data that wearables provide.
The wearable chosen for this study will be the Fitbit Charge 2. The Fitbit will be worn by all patients who are recruited to participate in the study. It will be worn like a watch on a wrist and uses photoplethysmography (PPG) to detect periodic changes in blood flow beneath the sensor; thereby measuring changes in heart rate. Heart rate will be measured nearly continuously. Fitbit will also assess activity and will also assess sleep. Fitbit data will be transmitted via Bluetooth to a mobile app which then is uploaded to Fitbit servers. The Fitbit data will then be accessed via the Web. The data will be downloaded from Fitbit servers to a secure UHN server.
In an effort to reduce the risk of potential iatrogenic infection, the study team will use disinfectant wipes to thoroughly clean wearables between uses. Participants will be shown how to wear the band by a study investigator or research personnel.
At the end of the study for each participant, the investigators will ask the questions related to how useful they found the data. For each participant, the study team will provide summary of their data to nurses and physicians who were caring for them. The investigators hope to get 2 nurse surveys per patient (because of there being multiple shifts per patient) and to get 1 attending survey per patient.
- Conditions
- Hospitalizations
- Being tested
- Fitbit Charge 2
- Keywords
- inpatients, wearables, continuous monitoring
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Fitbit Charge 2Device
The Fitbit Charge 2 is the electronic wearable chosen for this pilot study. This particular Fitbit is capable of measuring patient heart rate, sleep and physical activity. The data collected will then be analyzed with respect to the outcomes of this study. To determine the accuracy of the Fitbit, data collected will be compared to the nurses' standard patient assessment (for HR and physical activity) and to patient responses on the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (for sleep).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Wearable device (Fitbit Charge 2) | Experimental | The Fitbit Charge 2 is the wearable of interest for this pilot study. All 50 study participants will be requested to wear the electronic device for the duration of their stay in the hospital (maximum of 6 days). The Fitbit will passively collect health information of patients which will be tracked on mobile devices by the study investigators. Receives: Device: Fitbit Charge 2 |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Perceived usefulness of the wearable by patient
Patients will be given a 'patient questionnaire' that is developed by the research team to provide feedback about their experience and how useful/feasible (if at all) they found the wearable to be in collecting their health information. The questionnaire is not adopted from any other source or the literature. There will be a mix of 10 questions (open-ended short answer or scale-based from 1-10) on the questionnaire. Higher scores will indicate that patients felt that their Fitbit data correlated well with their behaviour and nurses' vital sign assessment.
Measured: 6 days
Perceived usefulness of the wearable by nurses/physicians
Nurses and physicians will be given a 'clinician questionnaire' which is also developed by the research team, to report how clinically useful they felt the Fitbit data was. There will be a mix of 6 questions (open-ended short answer or scale-based from 1-10) on the questionnaire. Higher scores on questionnaire indicate that nurses and physicians felt that the Fitbit data was mostly consistent with the nurses' assessment (which was conducted every 6 hours).
Measured: 6 days
Secondary outcomes (3)
Correlation between Fitbit HR and HR obtained by nurses
Upon termination of the study, the minute-level HR data gathered from Fitbit will be compared to the HR data collected by nurses in the GIM ward (every 6 hours) to see how consistent and accurate both methods are. Ultimately, averaged data collected from both methods will be presented graphically and the correlation coefficient (r2) between the two types of data will be reported.
Measured: 6 days
Correlation between Fitbit sleep and sleep information gathered by patients
Upon termination of the study, an analysis will be done to assess if there is a correlation between the sleep data gathered by the Fitbit and the sleep information obtained by patients (via the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire). All patients enrolled in the study will be required to fill out the RCSQ after the study concludes. This RCSQ uses a visual analog scale (0-100) to assess 5 features of sleep: sleep depth, latency, awakenings, percentage of time awake, and overall quality of sleep. Ultimately, all the individual feature scores will be aggregated to develop a final RCSQ score for each patient. Higher scores indicate that patient has a good sleep pattern. The RCSQ scores of patients will then be compared to the sleep data gathered by the Fitbit and a correlation coefficient (r2) between the two types of data will be reported.
Measured: 6 days
Correlation between Fitbit physical activity (number of steps taken) and activity information obtained by nurses
The physical activity data gathered by the Fitbit (ie. number of steps taken every day by the patient) will be compared to the nurses' daily assessment of the patients which includes a Braden scale (for predicting pressure sore risk). The braden score consists of 6 categories: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition and friction. The score ranges from 6-23 with lower scores indicating a higher risk. The Braden scores gathered by nurses for every patient in the study will be compared to each patient's Fitbit data to assess for accuracy and consistency. Ultimately, averaged data collected from both methods will be presented graphically and a correlation coefficient (r2) between the two types of data will be reported.
Measured: 6 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Aug 2018
- Study start12 Jun 2019
- Primary completion5 Oct 2019
- Study completion1 Nov 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HospitalizationsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University Health Network, TorontoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- This study model will involve a single cohort of about 50 GIM patients. All patients will be asked to wear the Fitbit Charge 2 for the duration of their stay in the hospital and the health information (heart rate, sleep, physical activity) collected from the wearable will be compared to the nurses' vital sign assessment for accuracy. There will be no other comparison group in this study.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Health Network, Toronto
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Robert Wu, University Health Network, Toronto
- Investigators
- Robert Wu, MD, Principal investigator, University Health Network, Toronto
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03646435
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 18-5621
- Status last verified
- Dec 2019
- First submitted
- 19 Jul 2018
- Last updated
- 3 Dec 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Helton MC, Gordon SH, Nunnery SL. The correlation between sleep deprivation and the intensive care unit syndrome. Heart Lung. 1980 May-Jun;9(3):464-8. No abstract available.
PubMed 6901518Pires GN, Bezerra AG, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Effects of acute sleep deprivation on state anxiety levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 2016 Aug;24:109-118. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.019. Epub 2016 Aug 27.
PubMed 27810176Roehrs T, Hyde M, Blaisdell B, Greenwald M, Roth T. Sleep loss and REM sleep loss are hyperalgesic. Sleep. 2006 Feb;29(2):145-51. doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.2.145.
PubMed 16494081Baldwin C, van Kessel G, Phillips A, Johnston K. Accelerometry Shows Inpatients With Acute Medical or Surgical Conditions Spend Little Time Upright and Are Highly Sedentary: Systematic Review. Phys Ther. 2017 Nov 1;97(11):1044-1065. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx076.
PubMed 29077906Abeles A, Kwasnicki RM, Pettengell C, Murphy J, Darzi A. The relationship between physical activity and post-operative length of hospital stay: A systematic review. Int J Surg. 2017 Aug;44:295-302. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.085. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
PubMed 28689861Kroll RR, Boyd JG, Maslove DM. Accuracy of a Wrist-Worn Wearable Device for Monitoring Heart Rates in Hospital Inpatients: A Prospective Observational Study. J Med Internet Res. 2016 Sep 20;18(9):e253. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6025.
PubMed 27651304Kroll RR, McKenzie ED, Boyd JG, Sheth P, Howes D, Wood M, Maslove DM; WEARable Information Technology for hospital INpatients (WEARIT-IN) study group. Use of wearable devices for post-discharge monitoring of ICU patients: a feasibility study. J Intensive Care. 2017 Nov 21;5:64. doi: 10.1186/s40560-017-0261-9. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 29201377Appelboom G, Camacho E, Abraham ME, Bruce SS, Dumont EL, Zacharia BE, D'Amico R, Slomian J, Reginster JY, Bruyere O, Connolly ES Jr. Smart wearable body sensors for patient self-assessment and monitoring. Arch Public Health. 2014 Aug 22;72(1):28. doi: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-28. eCollection 2014.
PubMed 25232478
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Dec 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Use of Fitbit Charge 2 in Hospitalized General Medicine Patients to Monitor Health Outcomes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03646435
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 18-5621
- Conditions
- Hospitalizations
- Keywords
- inpatients, wearables, continuous monitoring
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University Health Network, TorontoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Oct 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Nov 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Aug 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will focus to determine the usefulness of continuous monitoring and the role it would play in improving inpatient management. The study is also conducted to collect patient's experiences regarding use of the wearable device for health monitoring. There will be no control or comparison group for this prospective cohort study. For each participant, the investigators will provide summary of their data to nurses and physicians who are directly involved in the patients' care. At the end of the study for each participant, the investigators will ask questions related to how useful they found the data. As a secondary endpoint for this study, the study team will also be evaluating the accuracy of the heart rate, sleep and activity data gathered from the wearable against the current gold standard used in hospitals (ie. information gathered by nurses or using sleep assessment patient questionnaires). The investigators predict that wearable devices will be well received among participants and that they can provide accurate information about patients on GIM.
Detailed description
Patients admitted to general internal medicine are admitted because they are sick and need monitoring that cannot be provided at home, need expedited testing and/or need treatments that are best administered in hospital. Currently, standard monitoring on the hospital ward consists of measuring vital signs typically twice a day. The rapid development, uptake of affordable wearables such as smartwatches and wearable devices that involve continuous measurement of vital measures may provide added information to the care of inpatients. To date, there have been limited studies on the use of wearables in hospitalized medical patients. The rationale for the study is to determine feasibility of using wearables in GIM patients and usefulness of the data that wearables provide.
The wearable chosen for this study will be the Fitbit Charge 2. The Fitbit will be worn by all patients who are recruited to participate in the study. It will be worn like a watch on a wrist and uses photoplethysmography (PPG) to detect periodic changes in blood flow beneath the sensor; thereby measuring changes in heart rate. Heart rate will be measured nearly continuously. Fitbit will also assess activity and will also assess sleep. Fitbit data will be transmitted via Bluetooth to a mobile app which then is uploaded to Fitbit servers. The Fitbit data will then be accessed via the Web. The data will be downloaded from Fitbit servers to a secure UHN server.
In an effort to reduce the risk of potential iatrogenic infection, the study team will use disinfectant wipes to thoroughly clean wearables between uses. Participants will be shown how to wear the band by a study investigator or research personnel.
At the end of the study for each participant, the investigators will ask the questions related to how useful they found the data. For each participant, the study team will provide summary of their data to nurses and physicians who were caring for them. The investigators hope to get 2 nurse surveys per patient (because of there being multiple shifts per patient) and to get 1 attending survey per patient.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- This study model will involve a single cohort of about 50 GIM patients. All patients will be asked to wear the Fitbit Charge 2 for the duration of their stay in the hospital and the health information (heart rate, sleep, physical activity) collected from the wearable will be compared to the nurses' vital sign assessment for accuracy. There will be no other comparison group in this study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Wearable device (Fitbit Charge 2) | Experimental | Device: Fitbit Charge 2The Fitbit Charge 2 is the wearable of interest for this pilot study. All 50 study participants will be requested to wear the electronic device for the duration of their stay in the hospital (maximum of 6 days). The Fitbit will passively collect health information of patients which will be tracked on mobile devices by the study investigators. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- General internal medicine patients admitted to General Medicine Wards.
- Able to consent.
- Able to speak English.
- 18 years of age or older
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients who are purely palliative "comfort measures only" where measuring vital signs would not be appropriate and will be excluded.
- To reduce the potential risk of transmitting nosocomial infections, patients under contact precautions for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile infections will also be excluded.
- We will also excluded patients at risk of vascular compromise of the arm on which the wearable device was to be placed, such as patients with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis, peripherally inserted central catheters, radial arterial lines, dialysis fistulas, and severe upper extremity trauma.
- We will exclude patients with significant cognitive impairment as patients will be required to complete daily surveys.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Fitbit Charge 2The Fitbit Charge 2 is the electronic wearable chosen for this pilot study. This particular Fitbit is capable of measuring patient heart rate, sleep and physical activity. The data collected will then be analyzed with respect to the outcomes of this study. To determine the accuracy of the Fitbit, data collected will be compared to the nurses' standard patient assessment (for HR and physical activity) and to patient responses on the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (for sleep). | Device | Wearable device (Fitbit Charge 2) |
Primary outcome
Perceived usefulness of the wearable by patient
Time frame: 6 days
Patients will be given a 'patient questionnaire' that is developed by the research team to provide feedback about their experience and how useful/feasible (if at all) they found the wearable to be in collecting their health information. The questionnaire is not adopted from any other source or the literature. There will be a mix of 10 questions (open-ended short answer or scale-based from 1-10) on the questionnaire. Higher scores will indicate that patients felt that their Fitbit data correlated well with their behaviour and nurses' vital sign assessment.
Perceived usefulness of the wearable by nurses/physicians
Time frame: 6 days
Nurses and physicians will be given a 'clinician questionnaire' which is also developed by the research team, to report how clinically useful they felt the Fitbit data was. There will be a mix of 6 questions (open-ended short answer or scale-based from 1-10) on the questionnaire. Higher scores on questionnaire indicate that nurses and physicians felt that the Fitbit data was mostly consistent with the nurses' assessment (which was conducted every 6 hours).
3 secondary outcomes
Correlation between Fitbit HR and HR obtained by nurses
Time frame: 6 days
Correlation between Fitbit sleep and sleep information gathered by patients
Time frame: 6 days
Correlation between Fitbit physical activity (number of steps taken) and activity information obtained by nurses
Time frame: 6 days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Dec 2019.
- Background: PubMed 6901518Helton MC, Gordon SH, Nunnery SL. The correlation between sleep deprivation and the intensive care unit syndrome. Heart Lung. 1980 May-Jun;9(3):464-8. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 27810176Pires GN, Bezerra AG, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Effects of acute sleep deprivation on state anxiety levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 2016 Aug;24:109-118. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.019. Epub 2016 Aug 27.
- Background: PubMed 16494081Roehrs T, Hyde M, Blaisdell B, Greenwald M, Roth T. Sleep loss and REM sleep loss are hyperalgesic. Sleep. 2006 Feb;29(2):145-51. doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.2.145.
- Background: PubMed 29077906Baldwin C, van Kessel G, Phillips A, Johnston K. Accelerometry Shows Inpatients With Acute Medical or Surgical Conditions Spend Little Time Upright and Are Highly Sedentary: Systematic Review. Phys Ther. 2017 Nov 1;97(11):1044-1065. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx076.
- Background: PubMed 28689861Abeles A, Kwasnicki RM, Pettengell C, Murphy J, Darzi A. The relationship between physical activity and post-operative length of hospital stay: A systematic review. Int J Surg. 2017 Aug;44:295-302. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.085. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
- Background: PubMed 27651304Kroll RR, Boyd JG, Maslove DM. Accuracy of a Wrist-Worn Wearable Device for Monitoring Heart Rates in Hospital Inpatients: A Prospective Observational Study. J Med Internet Res. 2016 Sep 20;18(9):e253. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6025.
- Background: PubMed 29201377Kroll RR, McKenzie ED, Boyd JG, Sheth P, Howes D, Wood M, Maslove DM; WEARable Information Technology for hospital INpatients (WEARIT-IN) study group. Use of wearable devices for post-discharge monitoring of ICU patients: a feasibility study. J Intensive Care. 2017 Nov 21;5:64. doi: 10.1186/s40560-017-0261-9. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 25232478Appelboom G, Camacho E, Abraham ME, Bruce SS, Dumont EL, Zacharia BE, D'Amico R, Slomian J, Reginster JY, Bruyere O, Connolly ES Jr. Smart wearable body sensors for patient self-assessment and monitoring. Arch Public Health. 2014 Aug 22;72(1):28. doi: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-28. eCollection 2014.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Robert Wu, MD principal investigator
University Health Network, Toronto
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Fitbit Charge 2 in people with Hospitalizations, run by University Health Network, Toronto at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Dec 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Perceived usefulness of the wearable by patient (time frame: 6 days). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03646435, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Dec 2019.