Type2 Diabetes MellitusNCT03647306
Behavioral Chronotype: Impact on Sleep and Metabolism
A study testing Early Total Caloric Intake, Late Total Caloric Intake and Extended Overnight Fast in people with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases, run by University of Chicago at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to examine how the timing of eating changes how the body makes and uses energy (metabolism). This study will also examine if metabolism changes with age. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 30 to 75 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Type2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases
- What is being tested?
- Early Total Caloric Intake, Late Total Caloric Intake and Extended Overnight Fast
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 2 Feb 2018to 1 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 30 to 75 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy overweight and obese (25 kg/m2 ≤BMI< 40 kg/m2) men and women
- aged 30-75 years
- self-report sleeping at least 6.5-hrs/night but no more than 9-hrs/night, between 21:00 and 09:00
- signed informed consent
Who cannot join
- participation in a medically managed weight loss program within the past year
- undergone bariatric surgery
- dietary restrictions
- Subjects will not have undergone surgery, donated a unit of blood, worked night shifts or crossed any time zones, or participated in another clinical study within a month prior to the study.
- pregnancy in women
- lactating women
Show all 19Show fewer
- Female subjects must not be actively going through menopause.
- prisoners
- inability to consent
- members of the study team
- Females with a hemoglobin < 11.5g/dL, and males with a hemoglobin < 13.5 g/dl will be excluded from the study.
- presence of a sleep disorder such as moderate or severe sleep apnea (AHI≥15), a Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder (DSM-V criteria for advance sleep phase syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome, non 24-h sleep disorder, irregular sleep disorder and shift-work related sleep disorder),
- a diagnosis of diabetes based on history or screening tests
- other forms of endocrine dysfunction including PCOS;
- a history of cognitive or other neurological disorders;
- a history of major psychiatric disorder based on DSM-V criteria,
- the presence of unstable or serious medical conditions,
- any GI disease that requires dietary adjustment;
- current, or use within the past month of melatonin, psychoactive, hypnotic, stimulant or pain medications (except occasionally); beta blockers; habitual smoking (6 or more cigarettes per week); caffeine consumption of greater than 500 mg per day
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The purpose of this study is to examine how the timing of eating changes how the body makes and uses energy (metabolism). This study will also examine if metabolism changes with age.
Read the detailed description
The timing of food intake and caloric distribution across the 24hr day are emerging as contributing factors to weight gain. The idea that not only what you eat, but when you eat can contribute to weight gain has garnered interest from both the scientific community and the public. In fact, the distribution of caloric intake over the 24hr day has been recently recognized as a potential source of "circadian misalignment" which can result in adverse health outcomes, including overeating, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular disease risk. This study will provide proof-of-concept evidence on the impact of misalignment on glucose metabolism and blood pressure regulation. This study will focus on overweight individuals who are at high risk of obesity but are still on a trajectory that can potentially be reversed by lifestyle changes. Following a careful assessment of the subject's habitual sleep and meal timing and caloric distribution under real life conditions, a short laboratory study will determine 24hr profiles of hormones involved in circadian timing, food intake and cardiovascular risk in a session that will mimic habitual sleep/wake and caloric distribution. Participants will then be randomized to one of three groups in which caloric distribution across the day will either be equally distributed between 3 meals, or heavily weighted to the morning or heavily weighted to the evening. During a 6-day semi-ambulatory in patient intervention, combining laboratory and ambulatory procedures, study procedures will assess the effect of experimentally changing caloric distribution across the day, advancing versus delaying the dietary chronotype. After 7 days of this caloric distribution intervention, we will then repeat the short laboratory session to assess whether the intervention of caloric distribution altered any of the measured profiles. The outcome measures will be the timing of the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), blood pressure dipping, and insulin sensitivity. The proposed work will provide unambiguous evidence related to the efficacy of a novel lifestyle intervention - that could be more acceptable than dietary restriction or exercise - to reduce the risk of T2DM and CVD in adults at risk due to age and degree of adiposity. Moreover, our project will examine both middle-aged adults and older adults. The younger age group is of interest because of a lesser burden of illness and of an opportunity to alter the trajectory of aging at an earlier stage. The older age group is expected to have more severe circadian disturbances at baseline, with the potential of a larger effect on CM risk. The combined examination of metabolic risk and CVD risk in the context of circadian function is also novel.
- Conditions
- Type2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases
- Being tested
- Early Total Caloric Intake, Late Total Caloric Intake, Extended Overnight Fast
- Keywords
- peripheral circadian clock, central circadian clocks, chronotype, diet
- Medical subject headings
- Cardiovascular Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Early Total Caloric IntakeBehavioural
Provide subjects a regimented amount of calories at each meal.
Late Total Caloric IntakeBehavioural
Provide subjects a regimented amount of calories at each meal.
Extended Overnight FastBehavioural
Provide subjects a regimented amount of calories at each meal.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Extended Overnight Fast | Active comparator | The extended overnight fast group will have scheduled meal times for the entire 6 day semi ambulatory and in lab session. Subjects will consume approximately 33% of their daily calories at breakfast, lunch and dinner, respectively. This is a model for fasting dietary chronotype. Receives: Behavioral: Extended Overnight Fast |
| Early Total Caloric Intake | Experimental | The Early Total Caloric Intake study group will have scheduled meal times for the entire 6 day semi ambulatory and in lab session and will consume 60% of their daily calories during breakfast. The remaining 40% of daily calories will be consumed during lunch and dinner. This is a model for early dietary chronotype. Receives: Behavioral: Early Total Caloric Intake |
| Late Total Caloric Intake | Experimental | The Late Total Caloric Intake study group will have scheduled meal times for the entire 6 day semi ambulatory and in lab session and will consume 40% of daily calories during breakfast and lunch. The remaining 60% of daily calories will be consumed during dinner. This is a model for late dietary chronotype. Receives: Behavioral: Late Total Caloric Intake |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
MI-IS
The primary outcome measure is the Matsuda Index of Insulin Sensitivity.
Measured: 15 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Aug 2018
- Study start2 Feb 2018
- Primary completion13 Mar 2023
- Study completion1 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Type2 Diabetes MellitusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of ChicagoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Chicago
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), Northwestern University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Eve Van Cauter, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Chicago
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03647306
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB17-1768
- Other IDs
- P01AG011412
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Aug 2018
- Last updated
- 14 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Maury E, Hong HK, Bass J. Circadian disruption in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab. 2014 Nov;40(5):338-46. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.12.005. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
PubMed 24433933Peek CB, Ramsey KM, Marcheva B, Bass J. Nutrient sensing and the circadian clock. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jul;23(7):312-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.003. Epub 2012 Mar 16.
PubMed 22424658Dibner C, Schibler U. Circadian timing of metabolism in animal models and humans. J Intern Med. 2015 May;277(5):513-27. doi: 10.1111/joim.12347. Epub 2015 Feb 6.
PubMed 25599827Arble DM, Ramsey KM, Bass J, Turek FW. Circadian disruption and metabolic disease: findings from animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Oct;24(5):785-800. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.003.
PubMed 21112026Gerhart-Hines Z, Lazar MA. Circadian metabolism in the light of evolution. Endocr Rev. 2015 Jun;36(3):289-304. doi: 10.1210/er.2015-1007. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
PubMed 25927923Summa KC, Turek FW. Chronobiology and obesity: Interactions between circadian rhythms and energy regulation. Adv Nutr. 2014 May 14;5(3):312S-9S. doi: 10.3945/an.113.005132. Print 2014 May.
PubMed 24829483Scheer FA, Hilton MF, Mantzoros CS, Shea SA. Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 17;106(11):4453-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808180106. Epub 2009 Mar 2.
PubMed 19255424Morris CJ, Yang JN, Garcia JI, Myers S, Bozzi I, Wang W, Buxton OM, Shea SA, Scheer FA. Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Apr 28;112(17):E2225-34. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1418955112. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
PubMed 25870289Buxton OM, Cain SW, O'Connor SP, Porter JH, Duffy JF, Wang W, Czeisler CA, Shea SA. Adverse metabolic consequences in humans of prolonged sleep restriction combined with circadian disruption. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Apr 11;4(129):129ra43. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003200.
PubMed 22496545Leproult R, Holmback U, Van Cauter E. Circadian misalignment augments markers of insulin resistance and inflammation, independently of sleep loss. Diabetes. 2014 Jun;63(6):1860-9. doi: 10.2337/db13-1546. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
PubMed 24458353McHill AW, Melanson EL, Higgins J, Connick E, Moehlman TM, Stothard ER, Wright KP Jr. Impact of circadian misalignment on energy metabolism during simulated nightshift work. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 2;111(48):17302-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1412021111. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
PubMed 25404342Morris CJ, Garcia JI, Myers S, Yang JN, Trienekens N, Scheer FA. The Human Circadian System Has a Dominating Role in Causing the Morning/Evening Difference in Diet-Induced Thermogenesis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Oct;23(10):2053-8. doi: 10.1002/oby.21189.
PubMed 26414564Morris CJ, Purvis TE, Mistretta J, Scheer FA. Effects of the Internal Circadian System and Circadian Misalignment on Glucose Tolerance in Chronic Shift Workers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Mar;101(3):1066-74. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3924. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
PubMed 26771705Grimaldi D, Carter JR, Van Cauter E, Leproult R. Adverse Impact of Sleep Restriction and Circadian Misalignment on Autonomic Function in Healthy Young Adults. Hypertension. 2016 Jul;68(1):243-50. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06847. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
PubMed 27271308Gill S, Panda S. A Smartphone App Reveals Erratic Diurnal Eating Patterns in Humans that Can Be Modulated for Health Benefits. Cell Metab. 2015 Nov 3;22(5):789-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 24.
PubMed 26411343
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Behavioral Chronotype: Impact on Sleep and Metabolism
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03647306
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB17-1768
- Conditions
- Type2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases
- Keywords
- peripheral circadian clock, central circadian clocks, chronotype, diet
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ChicagoUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), Northwestern University
- Study start
- 2 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 13 Mar 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Aug 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to examine how the timing of eating changes how the body makes and uses energy (metabolism). This study will also examine if metabolism changes with age.
Detailed description
The timing of food intake and caloric distribution across the 24hr day are emerging as contributing factors to weight gain. The idea that not only what you eat, but when you eat can contribute to weight gain has garnered interest from both the scientific community and the public. In fact, the distribution of caloric intake over the 24hr day has been recently recognized as a potential source of "circadian misalignment" which can result in adverse health outcomes, including overeating, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular disease risk. This study will provide proof-of-concept evidence on the impact of misalignment on glucose metabolism and blood pressure regulation. This study will focus on overweight individuals who are at high risk of obesity but are still on a trajectory that can potentially be reversed by lifestyle changes. Following a careful assessment of the subject's habitual sleep and meal timing and caloric distribution under real life conditions, a short laboratory study will determine 24hr profiles of hormones involved in circadian timing, food intake and cardiovascular risk in a session that will mimic habitual sleep/wake and caloric distribution. Participants will then be randomized to one of three groups in which caloric distribution across the day will either be equally distributed between 3 meals, or heavily weighted to the morning or heavily weighted to the evening. During a 6-day semi-ambulatory in patient intervention, combining laboratory and ambulatory procedures, study procedures will assess the effect of experimentally changing caloric distribution across the day, advancing versus delaying the dietary chronotype. After 7 days of this caloric distribution intervention, we will then repeat the short laboratory session to assess whether the intervention of caloric distribution altered any of the measured profiles. The outcome measures will be the timing of the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), blood pressure dipping, and insulin sensitivity. The proposed work will provide unambiguous evidence related to the efficacy of a novel lifestyle intervention - that could be more acceptable than dietary restriction or exercise - to reduce the risk of T2DM and CVD in adults at risk due to age and degree of adiposity. Moreover, our project will examine both middle-aged adults and older adults. The younger age group is of interest because of a lesser burden of illness and of an opportunity to alter the trajectory of aging at an earlier stage. The older age group is expected to have more severe circadian disturbances at baseline, with the potential of a larger effect on CM risk. The combined examination of metabolic risk and CVD risk in the context of circadian function is also novel.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Extended Overnight Fast | Active comparator | Behavioral: Extended Overnight FastThe extended overnight fast group will have scheduled meal times for the entire 6 day semi ambulatory and in lab session. Subjects will consume approximately 33% of their daily calories at breakfast, lunch and dinner, respectively. This is a model for fasting dietary chronotype. |
| Early Total Caloric Intake | Experimental | Behavioral: Early Total Caloric IntakeThe Early Total Caloric Intake study group will have scheduled meal times for the entire 6 day semi ambulatory and in lab session and will consume 60% of their daily calories during breakfast. The remaining 40% of daily calories will be consumed during lunch and dinner. This is a model for early dietary chronotype. |
| Late Total Caloric Intake | Experimental | Behavioral: Late Total Caloric IntakeThe Late Total Caloric Intake study group will have scheduled meal times for the entire 6 day semi ambulatory and in lab session and will consume 40% of daily calories during breakfast and lunch. The remaining 60% of daily calories will be consumed during dinner. This is a model for late dietary chronotype. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 30 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Healthy overweight and obese (25 kg/m2 ≤BMI< 40 kg/m2) men and women
- aged 30-75 years
- self-report sleeping at least 6.5-hrs/night but no more than 9-hrs/night, between 21:00 and 09:00
- signed informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (19 listed)
- participation in a medically managed weight loss program within the past year
- undergone bariatric surgery
- dietary restrictions
- Subjects will not have undergone surgery, donated a unit of blood, worked night shifts or crossed any time zones, or participated in another clinical study within a month prior to the study.
- pregnancy in women
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Early Total Caloric IntakeProvide subjects a regimented amount of calories at each meal. | Behavioural | Early Total Caloric Intake |
| Late Total Caloric IntakeProvide subjects a regimented amount of calories at each meal. | Behavioural | Late Total Caloric Intake |
| Extended Overnight FastProvide subjects a regimented amount of calories at each meal. | Behavioural | Extended Overnight Fast |
Primary outcome
MI-IS
Time frame: 15 days
The primary outcome measure is the Matsuda Index of Insulin Sensitivity.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Nov 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 24433933Maury E, Hong HK, Bass J. Circadian disruption in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab. 2014 Nov;40(5):338-46. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.12.005. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 22424658Peek CB, Ramsey KM, Marcheva B, Bass J. Nutrient sensing and the circadian clock. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jul;23(7):312-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.003. Epub 2012 Mar 16.
- Results publication: PubMed 25599827Dibner C, Schibler U. Circadian timing of metabolism in animal models and humans. J Intern Med. 2015 May;277(5):513-27. doi: 10.1111/joim.12347. Epub 2015 Feb 6.
- Results publication: PubMed 21112026Arble DM, Ramsey KM, Bass J, Turek FW. Circadian disruption and metabolic disease: findings from animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Oct;24(5):785-800. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.003.
- Results publication: PubMed 25927923Gerhart-Hines Z, Lazar MA. Circadian metabolism in the light of evolution. Endocr Rev. 2015 Jun;36(3):289-304. doi: 10.1210/er.2015-1007. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 24829483Summa KC, Turek FW. Chronobiology and obesity: Interactions between circadian rhythms and energy regulation. Adv Nutr. 2014 May 14;5(3):312S-9S. doi: 10.3945/an.113.005132. Print 2014 May.
- Results publication: PubMed 19255424Scheer FA, Hilton MF, Mantzoros CS, Shea SA. Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 17;106(11):4453-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808180106. Epub 2009 Mar 2.
- Results publication: PubMed 25870289Morris CJ, Yang JN, Garcia JI, Myers S, Bozzi I, Wang W, Buxton OM, Shea SA, Scheer FA. Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Apr 28;112(17):E2225-34. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1418955112. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 22496545Buxton OM, Cain SW, O'Connor SP, Porter JH, Duffy JF, Wang W, Czeisler CA, Shea SA. Adverse metabolic consequences in humans of prolonged sleep restriction combined with circadian disruption. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Apr 11;4(129):129ra43. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003200.
- Results publication: PubMed 24458353Leproult R, Holmback U, Van Cauter E. Circadian misalignment augments markers of insulin resistance and inflammation, independently of sleep loss. Diabetes. 2014 Jun;63(6):1860-9. doi: 10.2337/db13-1546. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
- Results publication: PubMed 25404342McHill AW, Melanson EL, Higgins J, Connick E, Moehlman TM, Stothard ER, Wright KP Jr. Impact of circadian misalignment on energy metabolism during simulated nightshift work. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 2;111(48):17302-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1412021111. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
- Results publication: PubMed 26414564Morris CJ, Garcia JI, Myers S, Yang JN, Trienekens N, Scheer FA. The Human Circadian System Has a Dominating Role in Causing the Morning/Evening Difference in Diet-Induced Thermogenesis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Oct;23(10):2053-8. doi: 10.1002/oby.21189.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Eve Van Cauter, PhD principal investigator
University of Chicago
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Early Total Caloric Intake, Late Total Caloric Intake and Extended Overnight Fast in people with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases, run by University of Chicago at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
MI-IS (time frame: 15 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03647306, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Nov 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 31 Oct 2026.