FootNCT03656341
Foot Self-care in Older Adults
A study testing 2 Feet 4 Life in people with Foot, run by University of Missouri-Columbia at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
This pilot study will make a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of 2 Feet 4 Life, a foot care self-management program, on foot care knowledge, foot care self-efficacy, foot care behaviors, and foot pain in community dwelling older adults without diabetes mellitus. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Foot
- What is being tested?
- 2 Feet 4 Life
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 27 Sep 2018to 17 Sep 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 65 years of age or older
- legally competent to sign informed consent
- willing to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- self-reports of diabetes
- non-traumatic amputation
- legal blindness.
- demonstrated inability to see and remove dot stickers on the feet
- active ingrown toenails
- absent pedal pulses
Show all 9Show fewer
- poor sensation as defined by the inability to feel more than 3 of 10 foot sites touched with a microfilament
- regular visits to a healthcare professional for foot care
- score of <2 on the mental status screener.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Broken Arrow Seniors
Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, 74012
Owasso Community Center
Owasso, Oklahoma, 74055
About this study
Official title: Foot Self-care in Older Adults Without Diabetes
This pilot study will make a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of 2 Feet 4 Life, a foot care self-management program, on foot care knowledge, foot care self-efficacy, foot care behaviors, and foot pain in community dwelling older adults without diabetes mellitus.
Read the detailed description
One in three older adults have foot problems such as bunions, corns, calluses, foot pain, or nail disorders, but those problems are often ignored or overlooked until they threaten mobility or quality of life. With proper self-management, skin and nail problems can be addressed before they become severe; however, older adults without diabetes are not routinely informed of self-management techniques unless they consult a specialist. Targeting a foot care self-management program to community-dwelling older adults without diabetes may not only enhance foot function and preserve independence but also reach older adults with limited healthcare access.
Study participants will be 24 nondiabetic older adults recruited from two Midwestern community senior centers. One community center will be randomized to receive the intervention, 2 Feet 4 Life, the other will be a true control group receiving no intervention. The 2 Feet 4 Life foot care self-management program is based on Social Cognitive Theory and will be delivered in four weekly, one-hour group sessions. The program includes self-management teaching, interactive lecture, and group activities, including instruction, demonstration, and practice of routine foot care. In addition to usual lecture and handouts, 2 Feet 4 Life will rely on group interaction, practice opportunities, and the provision of foot care supplies so participants can perform foot care at home. Program topics include appropriate foot hygiene and footwear, identification and treatment of common foot problems, demonstration of proper foot care with opportunities for practice and instructor feedback, and guidance in obtaining appropriate footwear.
Outcome measures will be assessed pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, three months post-intervention, and six months post-intervention. This will be the first study to test a nurse run, community-based, foot care self-management program for non-diabetic older adults.
- Conditions
- Foot
- Being tested
- 2 Feet 4 Life
- Keywords
- foot care, older adults, senior center, self-management, self-care
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
2 Feet 4 LifeBehavioural
2 Feet 4 Life consists of four weekly group intervention sessions of one hour each. 2 Feet 4 Life includes self-management teaching, interactive lecture, and group activities, including instruction and demonstration of routine foot care. The program includes education regarding appropriate footwear and how to find it, evidenced based practices on hygiene, skin care and self-care of the lower extremities, nail trimming and filing, and care of common foot problems.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 2 Feet 4 Life | Experimental | Intervention group will receive one hour intervention weekly for four consecutive weeks. Outcomes will be measured at baseline (before the intervention), immediately after the intervention (1 month), three months post-intervention, and six months post-intervention Receives: Behavioral: 2 Feet 4 Life |
| True control group | No intervention | Will complete the same four assessment visits as the intervention group. |
| Bias control group | No intervention | Will complete outcome assessments at baseline and the final assessment. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Foot Self-Care Knowledge Questionnaire
0-11 scale with higher numbers indicating more knowledge
Measured: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
Foot Care Confidence Scale
12-60 scale with greater scores indicating greater self-efficacy
Measured: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
Nottingham Assessment of Functional Foot Care
Scale of 0-87 with higher scores revealing more appropriate foot self-care
Measured: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
Manchester Foot Pain and Disability INdex
0-34 scale with higher scores indicating more pain and disability
Measured: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Foot Health Score
Scale 0-90 provider assessment of foot problems. Higher score indicate more severe foot problems and greater severity.
Measured: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Sep 2018
- Study start27 Sep 2018
- Primary completion15 Jul 2019
- Study completion17 Sep 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for FootStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Missouri-ColumbiaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jennifer O'Connor, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Investigators
- Jennifer O'Connor, Principal investigator, University of Missouri-Columbia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03656341
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2011705
- Status last verified
- Oct 2019
- First submitted
- 30 Aug 2018
- Last updated
- 25 Oct 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Baba M, Duff J, Foley L, Davis WA, Davis TM. A comparison of two methods of foot health education: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Prim Care Diabetes. 2015 Apr;9(2):155-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
PubMed 24929632Barr EL, Browning C, Lord SR, Menz HB, Kendig H. Foot and leg problems are important determinants of functional status in community dwelling older people. Disabil Rehabil. 2005 Aug 19;27(16):917-23. doi: 10.1080/09638280500030506.
PubMed 16096244Castillo A, Giachello A, Bates R, Concha J, Ramirez V, Sanchez C, Pinsker E, Arrom J. Community-based Diabetes Education for Latinos: The Diabetes Empowerment Education Program. Diabetes Educ. 2010 Jul-Aug;36(4):586-94. doi: 10.1177/0145721710371524. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
PubMed 20538970Garrow AP, Papageorgiou AC, Silman AJ, Thomas E, Jayson MI, Macfarlane GJ. Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess disabling foot pain. Pain. 2000 Mar;85(1-2):107-13. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00263-8.
PubMed 10692609Haas L, Maryniuk M, Beck J, Cox CE, Duker P, Edwards L, Fisher EB, Hanson L, Kent D, Kolb L, McLaughlin S, Orzeck E, Piette JD, Rhinehart AS, Rothman R, Sklaroff S, Tomky D, Youssef G; 2012 Standards Revision Task Force. National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jan;37 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S144-53. doi: 10.2337/dc14-S144. No abstract available.
PubMed 24357210Mickle KJ, Munro BJ, Lord SR, Menz HB, Steele JR. Cross-sectional analysis of foot function, functional ability, and health-related quality of life in older people with disabling foot pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63(11):1592-8. doi: 10.1002/acr.20578.
PubMed 22034121Senussi, M., Lincoln, N., & Jeffcoate, W. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF). International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 18(6), 330-334. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2011.18.6.330
Snider KT, Seffinger MA, Ferrill HP, Gish EE. Trainer-to-student ratios for teaching psychomotor skills in health care fields, as applied to osteopathic manipulative medicine. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012 Apr;112(4):182-7.
PubMed 22522517Stolt M, Suhonen R, Puukka P, Viitanen M, Voutilainen P, Leino-Kilpi H. Foot health and self-care activities of older people in home care. J Clin Nurs. 2012 Nov;21(21-22):3082-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04223.x. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
PubMed 22835017Waxman R, Woodburn H, Powell M, Woodburn J, Blackburn S, Helliwell P. FOOTSTEP: a randomized controlled trial investigating the clinical and cost effectiveness of a patient self-management program for basic foot care in the elderly. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003 Nov;56(11):1092-9. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00197-5.
PubMed 14615000
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Oct 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Foot Self-care in Older Adults Without Diabetes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03656341
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2011705
- Conditions
- Foot
- Keywords
- foot care, older adults, senior center, self-management, self-care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Missouri-ColumbiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 27 Sep 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jul 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 17 Sep 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Sep 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This pilot study will make a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of 2 Feet 4 Life, a foot care self-management program, on foot care knowledge, foot care self-efficacy, foot care behaviors, and foot pain in community dwelling older adults without diabetes mellitus.
Detailed description
One in three older adults have foot problems such as bunions, corns, calluses, foot pain, or nail disorders, but those problems are often ignored or overlooked until they threaten mobility or quality of life. With proper self-management, skin and nail problems can be addressed before they become severe; however, older adults without diabetes are not routinely informed of self-management techniques unless they consult a specialist. Targeting a foot care self-management program to community-dwelling older adults without diabetes may not only enhance foot function and preserve independence but also reach older adults with limited healthcare access.
Study participants will be 24 nondiabetic older adults recruited from two Midwestern community senior centers. One community center will be randomized to receive the intervention, 2 Feet 4 Life, the other will be a true control group receiving no intervention. The 2 Feet 4 Life foot care self-management program is based on Social Cognitive Theory and will be delivered in four weekly, one-hour group sessions. The program includes self-management teaching, interactive lecture, and group activities, including instruction, demonstration, and practice of routine foot care. In addition to usual lecture and handouts, 2 Feet 4 Life will rely on group interaction, practice opportunities, and the provision of foot care supplies so participants can perform foot care at home. Program topics include appropriate foot hygiene and footwear, identification and treatment of common foot problems, demonstration of proper foot care with opportunities for practice and instructor feedback, and guidance in obtaining appropriate footwear.
Outcome measures will be assessed pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, three months post-intervention, and six months post-intervention. This will be the first study to test a nurse run, community-based, foot care self-management program for non-diabetic older adults.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 2 Feet 4 Life | Experimental | Behavioral: 2 Feet 4 LifeIntervention group will receive one hour intervention weekly for four consecutive weeks. Outcomes will be measured at baseline (before the intervention), immediately after the intervention (1 month), three months post-intervention, and six months post-intervention |
| True control group | No intervention | –Will complete the same four assessment visits as the intervention group. |
| Bias control group | No intervention | –Will complete outcome assessments at baseline and the final assessment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- 65 years of age or older
- legally competent to sign informed consent
- willing to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- self-reports of diabetes
- non-traumatic amputation
- legal blindness.
- demonstrated inability to see and remove dot stickers on the feet
- active ingrown toenails
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 2 Feet 4 Life2 Feet 4 Life consists of four weekly group intervention sessions of one hour each. 2 Feet 4 Life includes self-management teaching, interactive lecture, and group activities, including instruction and demonstration of routine foot care. The program includes education regarding appropriate footwear and how to find it, evidenced based practices on hygiene, skin care and self-care of the lower extremities, nail trimming and filing, and care of common foot problems. | Behavioural | 2 Feet 4 Life |
Primary outcome
Foot Self-Care Knowledge Questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
0-11 scale with higher numbers indicating more knowledge
Foot Care Confidence Scale
Time frame: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
12-60 scale with greater scores indicating greater self-efficacy
Nottingham Assessment of Functional Foot Care
Time frame: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
Scale of 0-87 with higher scores revealing more appropriate foot self-care
Manchester Foot Pain and Disability INdex
Time frame: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
0-34 scale with higher scores indicating more pain and disability
1 secondary outcome
Foot Health Score
Time frame: Baseline, one month, three months, six months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Oct 2019.
- Background: PubMed 24929632Baba M, Duff J, Foley L, Davis WA, Davis TM. A comparison of two methods of foot health education: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Prim Care Diabetes. 2015 Apr;9(2):155-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
- Background: PubMed 16096244Barr EL, Browning C, Lord SR, Menz HB, Kendig H. Foot and leg problems are important determinants of functional status in community dwelling older people. Disabil Rehabil. 2005 Aug 19;27(16):917-23. doi: 10.1080/09638280500030506.
- Background: PubMed 20538970Castillo A, Giachello A, Bates R, Concha J, Ramirez V, Sanchez C, Pinsker E, Arrom J. Community-based Diabetes Education for Latinos: The Diabetes Empowerment Education Program. Diabetes Educ. 2010 Jul-Aug;36(4):586-94. doi: 10.1177/0145721710371524. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
- Background: PubMed 10692609Garrow AP, Papageorgiou AC, Silman AJ, Thomas E, Jayson MI, Macfarlane GJ. Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess disabling foot pain. Pain. 2000 Mar;85(1-2):107-13. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00263-8.
- Background: PubMed 24357210Haas L, Maryniuk M, Beck J, Cox CE, Duker P, Edwards L, Fisher EB, Hanson L, Kent D, Kolb L, McLaughlin S, Orzeck E, Piette JD, Rhinehart AS, Rothman R, Sklaroff S, Tomky D, Youssef G; 2012 Standards Revision Task Force. National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jan;37 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S144-53. doi: 10.2337/dc14-S144. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 22034121Mickle KJ, Munro BJ, Lord SR, Menz HB, Steele JR. Cross-sectional analysis of foot function, functional ability, and health-related quality of life in older people with disabling foot pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63(11):1592-8. doi: 10.1002/acr.20578.
- BackgroundSenussi, M., Lincoln, N., & Jeffcoate, W. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF). International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 18(6), 330-334. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2011.18.6.330
- Background: PubMed 22522517Snider KT, Seffinger MA, Ferrill HP, Gish EE. Trainer-to-student ratios for teaching psychomotor skills in health care fields, as applied to osteopathic manipulative medicine. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012 Apr;112(4):182-7.
- Background: PubMed 22835017Stolt M, Suhonen R, Puukka P, Viitanen M, Voutilainen P, Leino-Kilpi H. Foot health and self-care activities of older people in home care. J Clin Nurs. 2012 Nov;21(21-22):3082-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04223.x. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
- Background: PubMed 14615000Waxman R, Woodburn H, Powell M, Woodburn J, Blackburn S, Helliwell P. FOOTSTEP: a randomized controlled trial investigating the clinical and cost effectiveness of a patient self-management program for basic foot care in the elderly. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003 Nov;56(11):1092-9. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00197-5.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jennifer O'Connor principal investigator
University of Missouri-Columbia
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing 2 Feet 4 Life in people with Foot, run by University of Missouri-Columbia at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Oct 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Foot Self-Care Knowledge Questionnaire (time frame: Baseline, one month, three months, six months). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03656341, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Oct 2019.