ParentingNCT03722043
Investigating the Impact of A Veteran-Focused Parenting Program on Parenting Stress, Competence and Parenting Practices
A study testing Parenting Program in people with Parenting and Military Family, run by University of Tulsa at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Veterans or spouses of veterans with a minor child will participate in a five-week parenting program. The goals of the parenting program are to assist in improving parent's sense of competence, improving parent's emotional regulation abilities, and lower parental stress by incorporating mindfulness and values-based… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Parenting, Military Family
- What is being tested?
- Parenting Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 13 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 8 Jan 2017to 25 Oct 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Must be a parent of a minor
- Must be fluent in English
- Must be a veteran or have a spouse who is a veteran
Who cannot join
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Veterans or spouses of veterans with a minor child will participate in a five-week parenting program. The goals of the parenting program are to assist in improving parent's sense of competence, improving parent's emotional regulation abilities, and lower parental stress by incorporating mindfulness and values-based parenting principles. The program will utilize evidence-based practices that will be delivered in a manner that incorporates aspects of military culture (i.e., language and concepts are tailored to that used within military culture). Mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy have been shown to be effective in treating service members [1], and this will be the first study that examines how learning these principles do or do not impact parenting stress, competence, and practices. The parenting program is free, and is offered by the investigators as a community service. Participation in the parenting program does not obligate enrollment in the research study.
Read the detailed description
There are over 312,000 Veterans living in the state of Oklahoma [2]. The Coffee Bunker is a non-profit community agency in Tulsa, Oklahoma that serves as the flagships program for Serving Our Service Members (S.O.S). The Coffee Bunker's mission is to offer support to service members and Veterans by helping them reintegrate back into their families and communities. The overall purpose of the present study is to work with the Coffee Bunker in offering support towards their mission, specifically in delivering organized parenting programs to service members and Veterans.
Challenges of reintegration after a military deployment can increase levels of stress for Veterans, spouses, and their children. In fact, it is common for Veterans or service members who struggle with reintegration in their family to report feelings of isolation and lack of perceived control, which may impact their ability to parent effectively. The struggles of parents can negatively impact the functioning of the family, such that children may exhibit more behavioral problems and Veterans parents may be more vulnerable to mental health symptomology [3, 4]. Fortunately, research suggests that positive and effective parenting practices can mitigate family stressors [5, 6]. As such, given the stressors of reintegration among military families, it may be advantageous to implement an evidence-based psychoeducation parenting program tailored to Veterans. The goals of the parenting program are to assist in improving parent's sense of competence, improving parent's emotional regulation abilities, and lower parental stress. The current project will be evaluating possible benefits from an evidence-based parenting program with military families. The parenting program is free, and is offered by the investigators as a community service. Participation in the parenting program does not obligate enrollment in the study. This is made possible by one of the PI's (Zanotti's) Schweitzer Fellowship; Zanotti is conducting the parenting program along with Dr. Cromer, as a community service.
The research portion of this study will be voluntary, and while participants will be recruited from the parenting program, it will be made clear that they can opt into the parenting program without doing any of the research measures. The research portion evaluates whether participation in the parenting program reduces parenting stress, increases feelings of parenting competence, and improves parenting practices. This study is unique in that evidence-based practices will be delivered in a manner that incorporates aspects of military culture (i.e., language and concepts are tailored to that used within military culture). The parenting program will incorporate mindfulness and values-based parenting principles. Mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy have been shown to be effective in treating service members [1] and this will be the first study that examines how learning these principles do or do not impact parenting stress, competence, and practices.
- Conditions
- Parenting, Military Family
- Being tested
- Parenting Program
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Parenting ProgramBehavioural
Parents will participate in a 5-week parenting program designed to uniquely work with veteran families. The program will target the following areas: mindful parenting strategies, emotional regulation, positive discipline, positive parenting/attachment, and sleep.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Parenting Program | Experimental | All study participants will receive our parenting program curriculum. There will not be a control group.
The parenting program will include the topics of mindful parenting strategies, emotional regulation, positive discipline, and positive parenting/attachment. Participants will be provided skills to develop strategies for each of the modules. Each session will contain elements of group troubleshooting and practice in-session. Practice at home will be assigned so that participants can continue to practice and implement these skills and strategies in their homes.
The program is taken from a published, empirically based program called "Everyday Parenting: A Professional's Guide to Building Family Management Skills" written by Thomas Dishion, Elizabeth Stormshak, and Kathryn Kavanagh. Receives: Behavioral: Parenting Program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Parenting Sense of Competence after 6 weeks, using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Johnston & Marsh, 1989)
The PSOC consists of 16 items about parents' confidence on being a parent, answered on a six-point scale ranging from ''strongly disagree'' to ''strongly agree''. Scoring for some items is reversed so that, for all items, higher scores indicate greater parenting self-esteem. Two subscales measure efficacy (seven items) and satisfaction (nine items) in parenting.
Measured: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program).
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change in Parenting Stress after 6 weeks, using the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS; Berry & Jones, 1995)
This 18-item self-report measure assesses common stressors and positive components associated with parenting. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (i.e., 1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree). Positive items are reverse scored. A total stress score is generated by summing the items together (i.e., range=18-90). Higher scores indicate greater parental stress.
Measured: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Change in Parent's Emotion Regulation Abilities after 6 weeks, using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004)
This 36-item questionnaire assesses aspects of emotion regulation and dysregulation strategies utilized by individuals. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (i.e., 1=almost never, 5=almost always). Negatively worded items are reverse scored. Six component scores as well as a total scare is generated. Higher scores indicate greater emotion dysregulation.
Measured: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Change in Parenting Practices after 6 weeks, using the Parenting Practices Interview (PPI; Webster-Stratton, Reid, & Hammond, 2001)
The PPI was adapted from the Oregon Social Learning Centre's Discipline Questionnaire. Two subscales were used; Harsh Discipline (14 items, a 1⁄4 0.79), and Positive Parenting (15 items, a 1⁄4 0.67). Parents reported the probability and the frequency with which they used the different strategies on a seven-point scale.
Measured: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Change in Parenting Styles after 6 weeks, using the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Short Form (APQ-9; Elgar, Waschbusch, Dadds, & Sigvaldason, 2007)
This 9-item self-report measure assesses three styles of parenting: positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and poor supervision. It has good convergent validity with longer measures of parenting styles. Responses are provided on a Likert scale where 1 = never, 2 = almost never, 3 = sometimes, 4= often, and 5 = always.
Measured: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Oct 2018
- Study start8 Jan 2017
- Primary completion25 Oct 2018
- Study completion25 Oct 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ParentingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 13 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Tulsa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Lisa Cromer, University of Tulsa
- Investigators
- Lisa Cromer, PhD, Study chair, University of Tulsa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03722043
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TU1726
- Status last verified
- Oct 2018
- First submitted
- 18 Aug 2017
- Last updated
- 26 Oct 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Vujanovic, A. A., Niles, B., Pietrefesa, A., Schmertz, S. K., & Potter, C. M. (2013). Mindfulness in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder among military veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42, 24-31.
United States Census Bureau. (2015). Veteran Statistics-Oklahoma. Retrieved from https://www2.census.gov/library/infographics/2015/comm/vets/ok-vets.pdf.
Lester P, Peterson K, Reeves J, Knauss L, Glover D, Mogil C, Duan N, Saltzman W, Pynoos R, Wilt K, Beardslee W. The long war and parental combat deployment: effects on military children and at-home spouses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;49(4):310-20.
PubMed 20410724Louie, A. D., & Cromer, L. D. (2014). Parent-child attachment during the deployment cycle: Impact on reintegration parenting stress. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(6), 496.
Lester, P., & Bursch, B. (2011). The long war comes home: Mitigating risk and promoting resilience in military children and families. Psychiatric Time, 28(7), 26-29.
Veltman, M. W., & Browne, K. D. (2001). Three decades of child maltreatment research implications for the school years. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2(3), 215-239.
Johnston, C., & Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(2), 167-175.
Berry, J. O., & Jones, W. H. (1995). The parental stress scale: Initial psychometric evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12, 463-472.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54.
Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ, Hammond M. Preventing conduct problems, promoting social competence: a parent and teacher training partnership in head start. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001 Sep;30(3):283-302. doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3003_2.
PubMed 11501247Elgar, F. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Dadds, M. R., & Sigvaldason, N. (2007). Development and validation of a short form of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(2), 243-259.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Oct 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigating the Impact of A Veteran-Focused Parenting Program on Parenting Stress, Competence and Parenting Practices
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03722043
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TU1726
- Conditions
- Parenting, Military Family
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 13 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of TulsaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 8 Jan 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Oct 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Oct 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Oct 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Veterans or spouses of veterans with a minor child will participate in a five-week parenting program. The goals of the parenting program are to assist in improving parent's sense of competence, improving parent's emotional regulation abilities, and lower parental stress by incorporating mindfulness and values-based parenting principles. The program will utilize evidence-based practices that will be delivered in a manner that incorporates aspects of military culture (i.e., language and concepts are tailored to that used within military culture). Mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy have been shown to be effective in treating service members [1], and this will be the first study that examines how learning these principles do or do not impact parenting stress, competence, and practices. The parenting program is free, and is offered by the investigators as a community service. Participation in the parenting program does not obligate enrollment in the research study.
Detailed description
There are over 312,000 Veterans living in the state of Oklahoma [2]. The Coffee Bunker is a non-profit community agency in Tulsa, Oklahoma that serves as the flagships program for Serving Our Service Members (S.O.S). The Coffee Bunker's mission is to offer support to service members and Veterans by helping them reintegrate back into their families and communities. The overall purpose of the present study is to work with the Coffee Bunker in offering support towards their mission, specifically in delivering organized parenting programs to service members and Veterans.
Challenges of reintegration after a military deployment can increase levels of stress for Veterans, spouses, and their children. In fact, it is common for Veterans or service members who struggle with reintegration in their family to report feelings of isolation and lack of perceived control, which may impact their ability to parent effectively. The struggles of parents can negatively impact the functioning of the family, such that children may exhibit more behavioral problems and Veterans parents may be more vulnerable to mental health symptomology [3, 4]. Fortunately, research suggests that positive and effective parenting practices can mitigate family stressors [5, 6]. As such, given the stressors of reintegration among military families, it may be advantageous to implement an evidence-based psychoeducation parenting program tailored to Veterans. The goals of the parenting program are to assist in improving parent's sense of competence, improving parent's emotional regulation abilities, and lower parental stress. The current project will be evaluating possible benefits from an evidence-based parenting program with military families. The parenting program is free, and is offered by the investigators as a community service. Participation in the parenting program does not obligate enrollment in the study. This is made possible by one of the PI's (Zanotti's) Schweitzer Fellowship; Zanotti is conducting the parenting program along with Dr. Cromer, as a community service.
The research portion of this study will be voluntary, and while participants will be recruited from the parenting program, it will be made clear that they can opt into the parenting program without doing any of the research measures. The research portion evaluates whether participation in the parenting program reduces parenting stress, increases feelings of parenting competence, and improves parenting practices. This study is unique in that evidence-based practices will be delivered in a manner that incorporates aspects of military culture (i.e., language and concepts are tailored to that used within military culture). The parenting program will incorporate mindfulness and values-based parenting principles. Mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy have been shown to be effective in treating service members [1] and this will be the first study that examines how learning these principles do or do not impact parenting stress, competence, and practices.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Parenting Program | Experimental | Behavioral: Parenting ProgramAll study participants will receive our parenting program curriculum. There will not be a control group. The parenting program will include the topics of mindful parenting strategies, emotional regulation, positive discipline, and positive parenting/attachment. Participants will be provided skills to develop strategies for each of the modules. Each session will contain elements of group troubleshooting and practice in-session. Practice at home will be assigned so that participants can continue to practice and implement these skills and strategies in their homes. The program is taken from a published, empirically based program called "Everyday Parenting: A Professional's Guide to Building Family Management Skills" written by Thomas Dishion, Elizabeth Stormshak, and Kathryn Kavanagh. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Must be a parent of a minor
- Must be fluent in English
- Must be a veteran or have a spouse who is a veteran
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Parenting ProgramParents will participate in a 5-week parenting program designed to uniquely work with veteran families. The program will target the following areas: mindful parenting strategies, emotional regulation, positive discipline, positive parenting/attachment, and sleep. | Behavioural | Parenting Program |
Primary outcome
Change in Parenting Sense of Competence after 6 weeks, using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Johnston & Marsh, 1989)
Time frame: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program).
The PSOC consists of 16 items about parents' confidence on being a parent, answered on a six-point scale ranging from ''strongly disagree'' to ''strongly agree''. Scoring for some items is reversed so that, for all items, higher scores indicate greater parenting self-esteem. Two subscales measure efficacy (seven items) and satisfaction (nine items) in parenting.
4 secondary outcomes
Change in Parenting Stress after 6 weeks, using the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS; Berry & Jones, 1995)
Time frame: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Change in Parent's Emotion Regulation Abilities after 6 weeks, using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004)
Time frame: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Change in Parenting Practices after 6 weeks, using the Parenting Practices Interview (PPI; Webster-Stratton, Reid, & Hammond, 2001)
Time frame: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Change in Parenting Styles after 6 weeks, using the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Short Form (APQ-9; Elgar, Waschbusch, Dadds, & Sigvaldason, 2007)
Time frame: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Oct 2018.
- BackgroundVujanovic, A. A., Niles, B., Pietrefesa, A., Schmertz, S. K., & Potter, C. M. (2013). Mindfulness in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder among military veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42, 24-31.
- BackgroundUnited States Census Bureau. (2015). Veteran Statistics-Oklahoma. Retrieved from https://www2.census.gov/library/infographics/2015/comm/vets/ok-vets.pdf.
- Background: PubMed 20410724Lester P, Peterson K, Reeves J, Knauss L, Glover D, Mogil C, Duan N, Saltzman W, Pynoos R, Wilt K, Beardslee W. The long war and parental combat deployment: effects on military children and at-home spouses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;49(4):310-20.
- BackgroundLouie, A. D., & Cromer, L. D. (2014). Parent-child attachment during the deployment cycle: Impact on reintegration parenting stress. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(6), 496.
- BackgroundLester, P., & Bursch, B. (2011). The long war comes home: Mitigating risk and promoting resilience in military children and families. Psychiatric Time, 28(7), 26-29.
- BackgroundVeltman, M. W., & Browne, K. D. (2001). Three decades of child maltreatment research implications for the school years. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2(3), 215-239.
- Results publicationJohnston, C., & Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(2), 167-175.
- Results publicationBerry, J. O., & Jones, W. H. (1995). The parental stress scale: Initial psychometric evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12, 463-472.
- Results publicationGratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54.
- Results publication: PubMed 11501247Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ, Hammond M. Preventing conduct problems, promoting social competence: a parent and teacher training partnership in head start. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001 Sep;30(3):283-302. doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3003_2.
- Results publicationElgar, F. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Dadds, M. R., & Sigvaldason, N. (2007). Development and validation of a short form of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(2), 243-259.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lisa Cromer, PhD study chair
University of Tulsa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Parenting Program in people with Parenting and Military Family, run by University of Tulsa at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Parenting Sense of Competence after 6 weeks, using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Johnston & Marsh, 1989) (time frame: Pre-treatment, post-treatment (i.e., approximately 6 weeks after the start of the parenting program).). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03722043, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2018.