Sedentary LifestyleNCT03732573
Can Brief Text Messages Promote Cycling?
A study testing Text messages in people with Sedentary Lifestyle, run by University of Sheffield.
Trial summary
Cycling behaviour is not widely adopted despite the known benefits for individuals (e.g. health), communities (e.g. less traffic), and environment (e.g. less pollution). Promoting cycling has been studied with infrastructural changes such as building new paths, segregating cycling and vehicle traffic, placing more… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- What is being tested?
- Text messages
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Nov 2018to Jun 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults who live in a city with a bike share
- Owns a smart phone
Who cannot join
- Individuals who cannot ride a bicycle
About this study
Official title: Can Brief Text Messages Based on Control Theory Promote the Use of Bike Share Schemes?
Cycling behaviour is not widely adopted despite the known benefits for individuals (e.g. health), communities (e.g. less traffic), and environment (e.g. less pollution). Promoting cycling has been studied with infrastructural changes such as building new paths, segregating cycling and vehicle traffic, placing more traffic signs, etc. Few studies using psychological aspects to promote physical activity indicate that goal setting, goal operating, and self-monitoring techniques to be the most effective ones. Current study aims to convey these techniques via short text messages in order to promote bike share schemes.
Read the detailed description
BCTs have been used to promote many different behaviours including physical activity. Reviews show that the most effective techniques for promoting physical activity are self-monitoring, intention formation, feedback on performance, and goal setting. These techniques are also the core tenets of control theory, which suggests that setting, monitoring, and operating on goals are central to self-control.
To date, most of the intervention studies targeting psychological predictors of behaviour have used one-to-one communication by professionals, counselling, incentives etc. However, such methods may be difficult and costly to implement on a large scale. The proposed research therefore tests whether delivering these techniques via a convenient method (i.e. SMS text messages) is effective in promoting use of bike share schemes. We will also test whether the strength of participants' intentions to use bike share schemes moderates the effects of the intervention.
Participants will be randomly allocated into one of two groups (one experimental and control group). Participants in the control group will receive no messages. Participants in the intervention group will receive text messages prompting goal-setting (e.g. "How many times can you use a shared bike scheme over the next week? Set yourself a goal and challenge yourself!"), goal operating (e.g. "Make plans about when you could use a shared bike scheme, such as at a particular time or for a particular journey next week."), and self-monitoring (e.g. "Studies show that keeping track of progress can help people to achieve their goals. This is what the apps provided by the shared bike schemes can do for you!"). The messages will comprise of 160 characters at most and participants in the intervention group will receive three messages per week.
One month after taking the baseline survey, participants will be asked to fill in a follow-up survey which will ask them how many times they have used bike share schemes in total during the past month. This information is provided in the apps in "My Trips" section and participants will be asked to count the number of individual trips that they have taken since they completed the baseline survey. It is hypothesized that participants in the intervention group will use bike share schemes more frequently than those in the control group and that the intervention effect will be moderated by the strength of participants' initial intentions.
Mixed-measures (condition x time) ANOVA will be used to test for differences in shared bike use between the groups between baseline and follow-up. A moderation analysis will also be conducted to test whether the effect of the text messages on bike scheme use differs by intention strength.
- Conditions
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Being tested
- Text messages
- Keywords
- Physical Activity, Cycling, Behaviour Change Techniques
- Medical subject headings
- Sedentary Behavior, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Text messagesBehavioural
Text messages conveying 3 specific behaviour change techniques
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | This group will receive 9 text messages over 3 weeks. Messages will be based on goal-setting in the first week, goal-operating in the second week, and self-monitoring in the third week. Receives: Behavioral: Text messages |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants in this group will receive no messages during the intervention period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in total number of times bike share schemes used before and after the intervention
Participants will be asked to count number of times they used bike share schemes, which are recorded by phone apps automatically. This will be asked at baseline and follow up questionnaires one month apart.
Measured: One month
Secondary outcomes (3)
Use of bike schemes in the past seven days
Participants will be asked to count number of times they used bike share schemes over the last week (will be asked in the follow up questionnaire which will be send 1 month after the baseline questionnaire). As our intervention takes three weeks and our follow up will be at the end of the month, we wanted to specify use of bike share schemes in the last week without any messages sent.
Measured: One week
Change in total number of times participants used their own bike in the past month
Participants will be asked how many times they used their own bikes in the past month. We want to measure how our intervention affects use of personal bikes. This will be compared with baseline scores for those who reports owning a bicycle.
Measured: One month
Use of one's own bike in the past seven days
Participants will be asked how many times they used their personal bicycles in the past seven days. Similar to use of bike share schemes in the past week, we also want to control for personal bike use in the past week (after all our messages will be sent).
Measured: One week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Nov 2018
- Study startNov 2018 (estimated)
- Primary completionMay 2019 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2019 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sedentary LifestyleStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- After completing an online questionnaire, participants will be randomized to intervention or control condition. Participants in the intervention condition will receive text messages designed to promote goal setting in the first week, text messages designed to promote goal operating in the second week, and message designed to promote self-monitoring messages in the third week. All text messages will seek to encourage usage of shared bike schemes (e.g. "How many times can you use a shared bike scheme over the next week? Set yourself a goal and challenge yourself!"). Control group participants will receive no messages during the course of the study.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Sheffield
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Onur Cem Dogru, University of Sheffield
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03732573
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- University of Sheffield
- Status last verified
- Nov 2018
- First submitted
- 2 Nov 2018
- Last updated
- 7 Nov 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Anonymized dataset could be made available to other researchers.
Publications
Carver CS, Scheier MF. Control theory: a useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychol Bull. 1982 Jul;92(1):111-35. No abstract available.
PubMed 7134324Bird EL, Baker G, Mutrie N, Ogilvie D, Sahlqvist S, Powell J. Behavior change techniques used to promote walking and cycling: a systematic review. Health Psychol. 2013 Aug;32(8):829-38. doi: 10.1037/a0032078. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
PubMed 23477577Michie S, Abraham C, Whittington C, McAteer J, Gupta S. Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: a meta-regression. Health Psychol. 2009 Nov;28(6):690-701. doi: 10.1037/a0016136.
PubMed 19916637Rose T, Barker M, Maria Jacob C, Morrison L, Lawrence W, Strommer S, Vogel C, Woods-Townsend K, Farrell D, Inskip H, Baird J. A Systematic Review of Digital Interventions for Improving the Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors of Adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2017 Dec;61(6):669-677. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
PubMed 28822682Michie S, Richardson M, Johnston M, Abraham C, Francis J, Hardeman W, Eccles MP, Cane J, Wood CE. The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2013 Aug;46(1):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6.
PubMed 23512568
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Nov 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Can Brief Text Messages Based on Control Theory Promote the Use of Bike Share Schemes?
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03732573
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- University of Sheffield
- Conditions
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Keywords
- Physical Activity, Cycling, Behaviour Change Techniques
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of SheffieldUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Nov 2018 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- May 2019 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2019 (estimated)
- First posted
- 6 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Cycling behaviour is not widely adopted despite the known benefits for individuals (e.g. health), communities (e.g. less traffic), and environment (e.g. less pollution). Promoting cycling has been studied with infrastructural changes such as building new paths, segregating cycling and vehicle traffic, placing more traffic signs, etc. Few studies using psychological aspects to promote physical activity indicate that goal setting, goal operating, and self-monitoring techniques to be the most effective ones. Current study aims to convey these techniques via short text messages in order to promote bike share schemes.
Detailed description
BCTs have been used to promote many different behaviours including physical activity. Reviews show that the most effective techniques for promoting physical activity are self-monitoring, intention formation, feedback on performance, and goal setting. These techniques are also the core tenets of control theory, which suggests that setting, monitoring, and operating on goals are central to self-control.
To date, most of the intervention studies targeting psychological predictors of behaviour have used one-to-one communication by professionals, counselling, incentives etc. However, such methods may be difficult and costly to implement on a large scale. The proposed research therefore tests whether delivering these techniques via a convenient method (i.e. SMS text messages) is effective in promoting use of bike share schemes. We will also test whether the strength of participants' intentions to use bike share schemes moderates the effects of the intervention.
Participants will be randomly allocated into one of two groups (one experimental and control group). Participants in the control group will receive no messages. Participants in the intervention group will receive text messages prompting goal-setting (e.g. "How many times can you use a shared bike scheme over the next week? Set yourself a goal and challenge yourself!"), goal operating (e.g. "Make plans about when you could use a shared bike scheme, such as at a particular time or for a particular journey next week."), and self-monitoring (e.g. "Studies show that keeping track of progress can help people to achieve their goals. This is what the apps provided by the shared bike schemes can do for you!"). The messages will comprise of 160 characters at most and participants in the intervention group will receive three messages per week.
One month after taking the baseline survey, participants will be asked to fill in a follow-up survey which will ask them how many times they have used bike share schemes in total during the past month. This information is provided in the apps in "My Trips" section and participants will be asked to count the number of individual trips that they have taken since they completed the baseline survey. It is hypothesized that participants in the intervention group will use bike share schemes more frequently than those in the control group and that the intervention effect will be moderated by the strength of participants' initial intentions.
Mixed-measures (condition x time) ANOVA will be used to test for differences in shared bike use between the groups between baseline and follow-up. A moderation analysis will also be conducted to test whether the effect of the text messages on bike scheme use differs by intention strength.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- After completing an online questionnaire, participants will be randomized to intervention or control condition. Participants in the intervention condition will receive text messages designed to promote goal setting in the first week, text messages designed to promote goal operating in the second week, and message designed to promote self-monitoring messages in the third week. All text messages will seek to encourage usage of shared bike schemes (e.g. "How many times can you use a shared bike scheme over the next week? Set yourself a goal and challenge yourself!"). Control group participants will receive no messages during the course of the study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Text messagesThis group will receive 9 text messages over 3 weeks. Messages will be based on goal-setting in the first week, goal-operating in the second week, and self-monitoring in the third week. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants in this group will receive no messages during the intervention period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Adults who live in a city with a bike share
- Owns a smart phone
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Individuals who cannot ride a bicycle
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Text messagesText messages conveying 3 specific behaviour change techniques | Behavioural | Intervention Group |
Primary outcome
Change in total number of times bike share schemes used before and after the intervention
Time frame: One month
Participants will be asked to count number of times they used bike share schemes, which are recorded by phone apps automatically. This will be asked at baseline and follow up questionnaires one month apart.
3 secondary outcomes
Use of bike schemes in the past seven days
Time frame: One week
Change in total number of times participants used their own bike in the past month
Time frame: One month
Use of one's own bike in the past seven days
Time frame: One week
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Nov 2018.
- Background: PubMed 7134324Carver CS, Scheier MF. Control theory: a useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychol Bull. 1982 Jul;92(1):111-35. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 23477577Bird EL, Baker G, Mutrie N, Ogilvie D, Sahlqvist S, Powell J. Behavior change techniques used to promote walking and cycling: a systematic review. Health Psychol. 2013 Aug;32(8):829-38. doi: 10.1037/a0032078. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
- Background: PubMed 19916637Michie S, Abraham C, Whittington C, McAteer J, Gupta S. Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: a meta-regression. Health Psychol. 2009 Nov;28(6):690-701. doi: 10.1037/a0016136.
- Background: PubMed 28822682Rose T, Barker M, Maria Jacob C, Morrison L, Lawrence W, Strommer S, Vogel C, Woods-Townsend K, Farrell D, Inskip H, Baird J. A Systematic Review of Digital Interventions for Improving the Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors of Adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2017 Dec;61(6):669-677. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
- Background: PubMed 23512568Michie S, Richardson M, Johnston M, Abraham C, Francis J, Hardeman W, Eccles MP, Cane J, Wood CE. The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2013 Aug;46(1):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Anonymized dataset could be made available to other researchers.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Text messages in people with Sedentary Lifestyle, run by University of Sheffield.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Nov 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in total number of times bike share schemes used before and after the intervention (time frame: One month). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03732573, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Nov 2018.