Breast CancerNCT03743324
Effect of Radiation and Its Timing on Breast Reconstruction in Chinese Patients
An observational study of Breast Cancer, run by Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital.
Trial summary
The purpose of the study is to investigate the impacts of radiation and the timing of radiation on autologous and prosthetic-based breast reconstruction in Chinese post-mastectomy breast cancer patients. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Breast Cancer
- What is being tested?
- Immediate Breast reconstruction, Delayed Breast Reconstruction and Radiation
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 1,344 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2019to 1 Apr 2023
- How long will I take part?
- 2 Years
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: Study population include female Chinese breast cancer patients who wish to undergo autologous or prosthetic-based breast reconstruction.
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosed with breast cancer
- Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) larger than 70
- Underwent autologous or prosthetic based breast reconstruction
- No severe deficiency in hematological, cardiovascular system, no immune-deficiency, no severe abnormal liver or kidney function.
Who cannot join
- Metastatic breast cancer
- Local recurrence after mastectomy
- Prior radiation history to chest wall due to other tumors
- Radiation performed more than 6 months after mastectomy
- Interruption of radiation more than 2 weeks
- Gravida or during lactation
- Concurrently undergoing psychotic disorders
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet.
About this study
Official title: A Multi-center Prospective Observational Trial Investigating the Effect of Radiation and Its Timing on Breast Reconstruction in Chinese Patients
The purpose of the study is to investigate the impacts of radiation and the timing of radiation on autologous and prosthetic-based breast reconstruction in Chinese post-mastectomy breast cancer patients. The study aims to optimize the timing for autologous/prosthetic breast reconstruction which delivers the best aesthetic results while maintains low complication rate and best integrates into the comprehensive breast cancer treatment. The study is open to all female breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction in the department of breast reconstruction in Tianjin medical university cancer institute and hospital.
Read the detailed description
In breast cancer patients, post-operative radiation therapy is an important component in breast cancer management. However, in the context of breast reconstruction, radiation can have adverse effect as it increases the rate of fat necrosis and leads to fibrosis/ capsular contracture in the reconstructed breast mounds. It is therefore necessary to investigate the best timing for breast reconstruction, especially in those patients which post-operative radiation is required, which does not interfere with overall breast cancer treatment while produces the best surgical, aesthetic and psychological outcome. Most studies in this field are retrospective, and studies on Chinese cohort are also rare. This multi-center prospectively designed clinical trial will include several medical centers across China. The investigators will allocate the patients into three arms based on the status and sequence of radiation and breast reconstruction, and will further stratify the groups based on the different approaches of reconstruction (autologous/ prosthetic based). Both objective and subjective (patient oriented) methods will be employed to make evaluations involving surgical, aesthetic, and psychological outcomes.
- Conditions
- Breast Cancer
- Being tested
- Immediate Breast reconstruction, Delayed Breast Reconstruction, Radiation
- Keywords
- breast reconstruction, Chinese, radiation, timing
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Immediate Breast reconstructionProcedure or surgery
Immediate Autologous/prosthetic-based breast reconstruction is performed after mastectomy on the breast that is diagnosed with breast cancer
Delayed Breast ReconstructionProcedure or surgery
Delayed Autologous/prosthetic-based breast reconstruction is performed after mastectomy on the breast that is diagnosed with breast cancer
RadiationRadiation
Radiation is performed to the surgical site and complies with the ASCO guidelines on post-mastectomy radiotherapy
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| BR group | Breast reconstruction without radiation therapy Receives: Procedure: Immediate Breast reconstruction; Procedure: Delayed Breast Reconstruction | |
| Immediate BR +post-op radiation | Immediate breast reconstruction followed by surgical site radiation therapy Receives: Procedure: Immediate Breast reconstruction; Radiation: Radiation | |
| Radiation +delayed BR | previous post-mastectomy radiation followed by delayed breast reconstruction Receives: Procedure: Delayed Breast Reconstruction; Radiation: Radiation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
occurrence of short term complications
impaired arterial or venous flap perfusion by increased (>3 seconds) or reduced (<2 seconds) capillary refill time; infection of the reconstructed breast with evidences from microbiological cultures; partial or entire flap necrosis with evident demarcation by clinical observation
Measured: the short term complications will be inspected up to 3 months post-op;
occurrence and change of long term complications
fat necrosis proven by breast ultrasound/ breast MRI/ pathology; flap contracture that causes change in shape and/or volume in the reconstructed breast mound observed by naked-eye inspection or breast imaging; capsular contracture that causes hardness/pains or changes of the reconstructed breast mound observed by surgeon's inspection or breast imaging.
Measured: the long term complications will be assessed at 6 months post-op; repeated assessments will be made at 12 and 24 months to record changes
occurrence of secondary surgery
unplanned surgery due to short-term and/or long-term complications post-op, the types of secondary surgery include but not limited to exploratory surgery, flap salvages, removal or fat necrosis, debridement, prosthetic explantation.
Measured: up to 24 months post-op
Secondary outcomes (2)
occurrence of revision surgery
any surgery performed to the reconstructed or contralateral breast to optimize symmetry
Measured: 6 to 24 months post-op
baseline and change of subjective evaluation
patient oriented aesthetic, psychological and overall outcome evaluations are made with BREAST-Q (short for breast-questionnaire) post reconstruction module, the the selected questionnaire includes a set of questions regarding : category 1-patients' satisfaction with breasts; category 2-patients' satisfaction with outcome and category 3-patients' psychological well-being. In each category, the total score is generated by Q-score (short for questionnaire-score)software and the total score ranges from 0-100. The higher the score the better the satisfaction.
Measured: the baseline evaluation will be made at 6 months post-op; repeated evaluations will be made at 12 and 24 months to record changes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Nov 2018
- Study start1 Jan 2019 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Nov 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Apr 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Breast CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 1,344 participants (estimated)
- Target duration
- 2 Years
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jian Yin, Principal investigator, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03743324
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E2018210
- Status last verified
- Nov 2018
- First submitted
- 7 Nov 2018
- Last updated
- 16 Nov 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: There is no plan to share IPD with other researchers.
Publications
Schaverien MV, Macmillan RD, McCulley SJ. Is immediate autologous breast reconstruction with postoperative radiotherapy good practice?: a systematic review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013 Dec;66(12):1637-51. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.06.059. Epub 2013 Jul 22.
PubMed 23886555Berbers J, van Baardwijk A, Houben R, Heuts E, Smidt M, Keymeulen K, Bessems M, Tuinder S, Boersma LJ. 'Reconstruction: before or after postmastectomy radiotherapy?' A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Cancer. 2014 Nov;50(16):2752-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.023. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
PubMed 25168640Barry M, Kell MR. Radiotherapy and breast reconstruction: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 May;127(1):15-22. doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1401-x. Epub 2011 Feb 20.
PubMed 21336948Kelley BP, Ahmed R, Kidwell KM, Kozlow JH, Chung KC, Momoh AO. A systematic review of morbidity associated with autologous breast reconstruction before and after exposure to radiotherapy: are current practices ideal? Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 May;21(5):1732-8. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3494-z. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
PubMed 24473643Losken A, Nicholas CS, Pinell XA, Carlson GW. Outcomes evaluation following bilateral breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 2010 Jul;65(1):17-22. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181bda349.
PubMed 20548235Selber JC, Kurichi JE, Vega SJ, Sonnad SS, Serletti JM. Risk factors and complications in free TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2006 May;56(5):492-7. doi: 10.1097/01.sap.0000210180.72721.4a.
PubMed 16641623Chang EI, Liu TS, Festekjian JH, Da Lio AL, Crisera CA. Effects of radiation therapy for breast cancer based on type of free flap reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Jan;131(1):1e-8e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182729d33.
PubMed 23271550Kronowitz SJ. Current status of implant-based breast reconstruction in patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Oct;130(4):513e-523e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318262f059.
PubMed 23018711Pestana IA, Campbell DC, Bharti G, Thompson JT. Factors affecting complications in radiated breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2013 May;70(5):542-5. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31827eacff.
PubMed 23542851Chatterjee JS, Lee A, Anderson W, Baker L, Stevenson JH, Dewar JA, Thompson AM. Effect of postoperative radiotherapy on autologous deep inferior epigastric perforator flap volume after immediate breast reconstruction. Br J Surg. 2009 Oct;96(10):1135-40. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6693.
PubMed 19787763Rogers NE, Allen RJ. Radiation effects on breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 May;109(6):1919-24; discussion 1925-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-200205000-00022.
PubMed 11994594Yueh JH, Slavin SA, Adesiyun T, Nyame TT, Gautam S, Morris DJ, Tobias AM, Lee BT. Patient satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: a comparative evaluation of DIEP, TRAM, latissimus flap, and implant techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Jun;125(6):1585-1595. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181cb6351.
PubMed 20517080Lam TC, Hsieh F, Boyages J. The effects of postmastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy on immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Sep;132(3):511-518. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829acc41.
PubMed 23676964He S, Yin J, Robb GL, Sun J, Zhang X, Li H, Liu J, Han C. Considering the Optimal Timing of Breast Reconstruction With Abdominal Flaps With Adjuvant Irradiation in 370 Consecutive Pedicled Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap and Free Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Performed in a Chinese Oncology Center: Is There a Significant Difference Between Immediate and Delayed? Ann Plast Surg. 2017 Jun;78(6):633-640. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000927.
PubMed 27798424
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Nov 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Multi-center Prospective Observational Trial Investigating the Effect of Radiation and Its Timing on Breast Reconstruction in Chinese Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03743324
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- E2018210
- Conditions
- Breast Cancer
- Keywords
- breast reconstruction, Chinese, radiation, timing
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 1,344 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2019 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Nov 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Apr 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 16 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the impacts of radiation and the timing of radiation on autologous and prosthetic-based breast reconstruction in Chinese post-mastectomy breast cancer patients. The study aims to optimize the timing for autologous/prosthetic breast reconstruction which delivers the best aesthetic results while maintains low complication rate and best integrates into the comprehensive breast cancer treatment. The study is open to all female breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction in the department of breast reconstruction in Tianjin medical university cancer institute and hospital.
Detailed description
In breast cancer patients, post-operative radiation therapy is an important component in breast cancer management. However, in the context of breast reconstruction, radiation can have adverse effect as it increases the rate of fat necrosis and leads to fibrosis/ capsular contracture in the reconstructed breast mounds. It is therefore necessary to investigate the best timing for breast reconstruction, especially in those patients which post-operative radiation is required, which does not interfere with overall breast cancer treatment while produces the best surgical, aesthetic and psychological outcome. Most studies in this field are retrospective, and studies on Chinese cohort are also rare. This multi-center prospectively designed clinical trial will include several medical centers across China. The investigators will allocate the patients into three arms based on the status and sequence of radiation and breast reconstruction, and will further stratify the groups based on the different approaches of reconstruction (autologous/ prosthetic based). Both objective and subjective (patient oriented) methods will be employed to make evaluations involving surgical, aesthetic, and psychological outcomes.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 2 Years
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| BR group | – | Procedure: Immediate Breast reconstruction, Procedure: Delayed Breast ReconstructionBreast reconstruction without radiation therapy |
| Immediate BR +post-op radiation | – | Procedure: Immediate Breast reconstruction, Radiation: RadiationImmediate breast reconstruction followed by surgical site radiation therapy |
| Radiation +delayed BR | – | Procedure: Delayed Breast Reconstruction, Radiation: Radiationprevious post-mastectomy radiation followed by delayed breast reconstruction |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Study population include female Chinese breast cancer patients who wish to undergo autologous or prosthetic-based breast reconstruction.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Diagnosed with breast cancer
- Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) larger than 70
- Underwent autologous or prosthetic based breast reconstruction
- No severe deficiency in hematological, cardiovascular system, no immune-deficiency, no severe abnormal liver or kidney function.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Metastatic breast cancer
- Local recurrence after mastectomy
- Prior radiation history to chest wall due to other tumors
- Radiation performed more than 6 months after mastectomy
- Interruption of radiation more than 2 weeks
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Immediate Breast reconstructionImmediate Autologous/prosthetic-based breast reconstruction is performed after mastectomy on the breast that is diagnosed with breast cancer | Procedure or surgery | BR group, Immediate BR +post-op radiation |
| Delayed Breast ReconstructionDelayed Autologous/prosthetic-based breast reconstruction is performed after mastectomy on the breast that is diagnosed with breast cancer | Procedure or surgery | BR group, Radiation +delayed BR |
| RadiationRadiation is performed to the surgical site and complies with the ASCO guidelines on post-mastectomy radiotherapy | Radiation | Immediate BR +post-op radiation, Radiation +delayed BR |
Primary outcome
occurrence of short term complications
Time frame: the short term complications will be inspected up to 3 months post-op;
impaired arterial or venous flap perfusion by increased (>3 seconds) or reduced (<2 seconds) capillary refill time; infection of the reconstructed breast with evidences from microbiological cultures; partial or entire flap necrosis with evident demarcation by clinical observation
occurrence and change of long term complications
Time frame: the long term complications will be assessed at 6 months post-op; repeated assessments will be made at 12 and 24 months to record changes
fat necrosis proven by breast ultrasound/ breast MRI/ pathology; flap contracture that causes change in shape and/or volume in the reconstructed breast mound observed by naked-eye inspection or breast imaging; capsular contracture that causes hardness/pains or changes of the reconstructed breast mound observed by surgeon's inspection or breast imaging.
occurrence of secondary surgery
Time frame: up to 24 months post-op
unplanned surgery due to short-term and/or long-term complications post-op, the types of secondary surgery include but not limited to exploratory surgery, flap salvages, removal or fat necrosis, debridement, prosthetic explantation.
2 secondary outcomes
occurrence of revision surgery
Time frame: 6 to 24 months post-op
baseline and change of subjective evaluation
Time frame: the baseline evaluation will be made at 6 months post-op; repeated evaluations will be made at 12 and 24 months to record changes
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Nov 2018.
- Background: PubMed 23886555Schaverien MV, Macmillan RD, McCulley SJ. Is immediate autologous breast reconstruction with postoperative radiotherapy good practice?: a systematic review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013 Dec;66(12):1637-51. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.06.059. Epub 2013 Jul 22.
- Background: PubMed 25168640Berbers J, van Baardwijk A, Houben R, Heuts E, Smidt M, Keymeulen K, Bessems M, Tuinder S, Boersma LJ. 'Reconstruction: before or after postmastectomy radiotherapy?' A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Cancer. 2014 Nov;50(16):2752-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.023. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
- Background: PubMed 21336948Barry M, Kell MR. Radiotherapy and breast reconstruction: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 May;127(1):15-22. doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1401-x. Epub 2011 Feb 20.
- Background: PubMed 24473643Kelley BP, Ahmed R, Kidwell KM, Kozlow JH, Chung KC, Momoh AO. A systematic review of morbidity associated with autologous breast reconstruction before and after exposure to radiotherapy: are current practices ideal? Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 May;21(5):1732-8. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3494-z. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
- Background: PubMed 20548235Losken A, Nicholas CS, Pinell XA, Carlson GW. Outcomes evaluation following bilateral breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 2010 Jul;65(1):17-22. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181bda349.
- Background: PubMed 16641623Selber JC, Kurichi JE, Vega SJ, Sonnad SS, Serletti JM. Risk factors and complications in free TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2006 May;56(5):492-7. doi: 10.1097/01.sap.0000210180.72721.4a.
- Background: PubMed 23271550Chang EI, Liu TS, Festekjian JH, Da Lio AL, Crisera CA. Effects of radiation therapy for breast cancer based on type of free flap reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Jan;131(1):1e-8e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182729d33.
- Background: PubMed 23018711Kronowitz SJ. Current status of implant-based breast reconstruction in patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Oct;130(4):513e-523e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318262f059.
- Background: PubMed 23542851Pestana IA, Campbell DC, Bharti G, Thompson JT. Factors affecting complications in radiated breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2013 May;70(5):542-5. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31827eacff.
- Background: PubMed 19787763Chatterjee JS, Lee A, Anderson W, Baker L, Stevenson JH, Dewar JA, Thompson AM. Effect of postoperative radiotherapy on autologous deep inferior epigastric perforator flap volume after immediate breast reconstruction. Br J Surg. 2009 Oct;96(10):1135-40. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6693.
- Background: PubMed 11994594Rogers NE, Allen RJ. Radiation effects on breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 May;109(6):1919-24; discussion 1925-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-200205000-00022.
- Background: PubMed 20517080Yueh JH, Slavin SA, Adesiyun T, Nyame TT, Gautam S, Morris DJ, Tobias AM, Lee BT. Patient satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: a comparative evaluation of DIEP, TRAM, latissimus flap, and implant techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Jun;125(6):1585-1595. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181cb6351.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. There is no plan to share IPD with other researchers.
Related trials for Breast Cancer
Active, not recruiting
Streamlined Geriatric and Oncological Evaluation Based On IC Technology
Breast Cancer, Comorbidities and Coexisting Conditions
RecruitingPhase 2
Gene Signatures to Guide HR+MBC Therapy in a Diverse Cohort
Invasive Mammary Carcinoma, Metastatic Breast Cancer
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Comparison of Reliability, Time Cost, and Participant Comfort of Lymphedema Assessments in Upper Extremity
Lymphedema, Upper Extremity Lymphedema
RecruitingPhase 3
A Study of Camrelizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Combination With or Without Famitinib as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Participants With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (BCTOP-T-N01)
TNBC - Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
RecruitingPhase 3
Testing Whether Hormone Therapy With Ribociclib is as Effective as Chemotherapy Followed by Hormone Therapy With Ribociclib for the Treatment of High Anatomic Stage Breast Cancer With Low Recurrence Risk, The RxFINE-Low Trial
Anatomic Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC v8, Anatomic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jian Yin principal investigator
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Breast Cancer, run by Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Nov 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Shanshan He (+86-22-23340123 ext. 1174, ssh85@yahoo.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
occurrence of short term complications (time frame: the short term complications will be inspected up to 3 months post-op;). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03743324, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Nov 2018.