Study of Coaching Practices in Early Care and Education Settings

This study aims to advance understanding of implementation of core features of coaching in ECE classrooms, and how features may vary by key contextual factors and implementation drivers. This study will focus on coaching used for delivering professional development services to ECE teachers and FCC providers to improve knowledge and practice in center-based classrooms and FCC homes serving preschool-age children. At the classroom/teacher level, the approach to coaching can vary by dosage, content, activities (e.g., assessment, observation, goal-setting, modeling, reflection), materials (e.g., video, written plans, resource documents) and other features. However, there is no consensus as to which of these features are core to the practice of coaching. Additionally, little is known about how these features of coaching are implemented, combined, and tailored to the needs of teachers or how contextual factors or implementation drivers may mediate or moderate the effects of coaching. Ultimately, SCOPE findings will improve coaching practice in the ECE field and determine which coaching features are ripe for more rigorous evaluation.

Descriptive Study: The investigators will carry out a descriptive study in a sample of seven states. Sampled states will have one or more classroom-based coaching models offered to centers and FCC homes that are serving preschool-age children and that receive Head Start grants or serve children who receive CCDF subsidies. All of the data that will be collected are listed below.

1. State coaching informant interviews: To obtain information about coaching approaches and about the available administrative data on coaching, including the range of coaching providers and approaches occurring in states and what ECE settings may be receiving classroom coaching. As part of this process, we will also seek existing administrative data on coaching processes and participants.
2. ECE setting eligibility screening: To obtain information on the characteristics of the ECE setting, the coaching taking place in that setting, and characteristics of participants in coaching; and to determine if a setting is eligible for survey data collection and if personnel are willing to participate in the study
3. Surveys for the descriptive study:

• A center director survey - To collect information on the center context, supports for and challenges to coaching and professional development, and structural and process features of coaching
• A coach survey - To collect information on coach characteristics, supports for and challenges to coaching, and process and structural features of coaching
• A teacher/FCC provider survey- To collect information on teacher and FCC provider characteristics, supports for coaching, structural and process features of coaching, coaching outputs (such as attitudes and beliefs), and the FCC context

Case Studies: The investigators will also conduct case studies in twelve ECE settings (centers and FCC homes) selected from the seven states; some of the settings may have participated in the descriptive study and others may not have. Site visit data collection for the case studies will consist of the following activities:

1. Semi-structured interviews with center directors, teachers/FCC providers, coaches, and coach supervisors. To collect information on how decisions are made about coaching and what features are included; supports for coaching; organizational context and climate for coaching (e.g., organizational culture, philosophies, staffing and turnover, languages and cultures of families served); individual experiences as part of the coaching process; barriers/supports for coaching
2. Teacher/FCC provider survey: The teachers and FCC providers in the case studies will be asked to complete the descriptive study teacher/FCC provider survey.
3. Collection of coaching logs (whenever available): To provide information on the frequency of interactions between teachers/FCC providers and coaches, the focus of these interactions, and the coaching strategies employed. The coaching logs are preexisting materials used by some coaches when they provide coaching to teachers.
4. Coaching session observations: To provide information on the process features of coaching (coaching activities and relationship-building activities); structural features (target of coaching and content); and outputs (teacher/FCC provider engagement, actual dosage, and perceptions of the coach-teacher/FCC provider relationship)