Multiple Myeloma Stage IPhase 3MAXDARANCT03792620
Daratumumab Intensified Treatment to Eligible MM New Patients CTD-Dara Induction, Follow by Dara Consolidation
A Phase 3 study testing Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab in people with Multiple Myeloma Stage I, run by Grupo de Estudos Multicentricos em Onco-Hematologia at 1 site in Brazil.
Trial summary
The best induction protocol to eligible multiple myeloma patients was not established. Combination of three drugs demonstrated better outcomes than two drugs combo. Nevertheless, until now four drugs combo did not prove gain against three drugs One of the three drugs protocol studied as induction was CTD scheme… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 120 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Multiple Myeloma Stage I
- What is being tested?
- Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteBrazil
- Study dates
- 20 Nov 2018to Apr 2022
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 120 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participant must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0, 1, or 2
- Participants who are newly diagnosed considered for high-dose chemotherapy due to: being age <=65 years; without presence of important comorbidity condition(s) likely to have a negative impact on tolerability of high dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation. Committee review and approval of participants is required before inclusion
- Women of childbearing potential must commit to either abstain continuously from sexual intercourse or to use 2 methods of reliable birth control simultaneously as deemed appropriate by the Investigator. Contraception must begin 4 weeks prior to dosing and must continue for 4 months after the last dose of DARATUMUMAB
- Man, who is sexually active with a woman of child-bearing potential potential must agree to use a latex or synthetic condom, even if he had a successful vasectomy, must agree to use an adequate contraception method as deemed appropriate by the Investigator, and must also agree to not donate sperm during the study and for four weeks after last dose of thalidomide and DARATUMUMB
- Participants with known or suspected COPD or asthma must have a FEV1 test during Screening
Who cannot join
- Participant has a diagnosis of primary amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (presence of serum M-protein <3 g/dL; absence of lytic bone lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, and renal insufficiency related to the M-protein), or smoldering multiple myeloma (asymptomatic multiple myeloma with absence of related organ or tissue impairment end organ damage, and absence of biomarkers activity)
- Participant has a diagnosis of Waldenström's disease, or other conditions in which IgM M protein is present in the absence of a clonal plasma cell infiltration with lytic bone lesions
- Participant has a history of malignancy (other than multiple myeloma) within 5 years before the date of randomization (exceptions are squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin and carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or malignancy that in the opinion of the Investigator, with concurrence with the medical monitor, is considered cured with minimal risk of recurrence within 5 years)
- Participant has prior or current systemic therapy or SCT for multiple myeloma, with the exception of an emergency use of a short course (equivalent of dexamethasone 40 mg/day for a maximum 4 days) of corticosteroids 30 days before treatment
- Participant has had radiation therapy within 14 days of randomization
- Participant has known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] <50% of predicted normal), persistent asthma, or a history of asthma within the last 2 years (controlled intermittent asthma or controlled mild persistent asthma is allowed)
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- Participants with heart block defined by electrocardiogram or not treated arrhythmia
- Participant is known to be seropositive for history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known to have active hepatitis B or hepatitis C or Chagas disease positivity with cardiac involvement
- Patient has malignancy , 3 years of first dose of study treatment (except basal or squamous cell carcinoma or in situ cancer of the cervix)
- Patients has not recovered from all therapy-related toxicities , grade 2 CTCAE; patients has undergone major surgery < 2 weeks prior to starting drug
- All patients must agree to follow the regional requirements for Thalidomide counseling, pregnancy testing and birth control. For women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) this includes pregnancy testing prior to prescribing thalidomide and to either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin acceptable methods of birth control for 28 days prior to prescribing thalidomide, during therapy and for 28 days after the last dose of thalidomide. WOCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing. Men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a WOCBP even if they have had a successful vasectomy and must agree not to donate semen during study drug therapy and for a period of time after therapy. All patients must abstain from donating blood, agree not to share thalidomide with others and be counseled about the risks of thalidomide
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Brazil1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
CEHON - Centro de Hematologia e Oncologia da Bahia
Salvador, Estado de Bahia, 40110150
Edvan Q Crusoé, +55 71 981065839, edvancrusoe@gmail.com
Débora Sacramento, +55 71 34963725
About this study
Official title: A Conceptual Study of Daratumumab Intensified Treatment to Eligible Multiple Myeloma New Patients- Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone and Daratumumab Induction, Follow by Daratumumab Consolidation and Maintenance
The best induction protocol to eligible multiple myeloma patients was not established. Combination of three drugs demonstrated better outcomes than two drugs combo. Nevertheless, until now four drugs combo did not prove gain against three drugs One of the three drugs protocol studied as induction was CTD scheme (cyclophosphamide+ thalidomide+dexamethasone). Daratumumab has a novel mechanism of action that results in enhanced activity in combination with existing standards of care, including first-generation novel agents, such as thalidomide, as well as other therapeutics. Considerable responses have been observed in a cohort of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory MM. The use of a treatment combination with monoclonal antibody associated with immunomodulator (in a four drug combo) can lead to a improvement in response rates and in survival, reflects on a better free time interval. This trial will represent a new option of treatment with a combination of anti CD38 monoclonal antibody (DARATUMUMAB) as induction regimen with CTD protocol (four drug combination). And It use as consolidation and maintenance to give better immunomodulatory response and extended survival and disease control.
Read the detailed description
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with a high degree of genomic instability. Despite improvements in event-free survival and overall survival with the use of autologous stem cell transplantation and novel agents, MM remains an incurable disease (1,2). The best induction protocol to eligible patients was not established. Combination of three drugs demonstrated better outcomes than two drugs combo. Nevertheless, until now four drugs combo did not prove gain against three drugs One of the three drugs protocol studied as induction was CTD scheme (cyclophosphamide+ thalidomide+dexamethasone) (3). This is an induction protocol commonly used in Brazil , with largely access in the brazilian public health system. Several new molecules have been developed in an attempt to improve treatment. One of these new treatment is an anti CD38 (Daratumumab). This potential target is present on plasma cells. The CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein recognized by combining several functions including adhesion, receptor and enzymatic function. (4-6) The expression of CD38 is finely regulated during ontogenesis of B cells and is expressed by progenitors and early stages hematopoietic cells with loss during maturation and only re- expressed during cellular activation .(4) With the information derived from tissue distribution and from pioneer experience in vitro indicates that very early precursors of the hematopoietic stem cells do not express CD38.(7) Despite the description of CD38 on progenitor cells, there was no myelosuppressive effect observed in studies to date. Apart from immune cells, the molecule CD38 has also been found in the brain, pancreatic acinar cells, smooth muscle and osteoclasts although expression in these tissues is in the cytosol or nucleus rather than the cell membrane. (8). Daratumumab has shown a strong signal in preclinical modeling with broad-spectrum killing activity through complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and ADC phagocytosis . (9) Daratumumab was first evaluated clinically in a phase I trial involving patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (10). In combination with others agents (lenalidomide + dexamethasone) preliminary analysis involving 20 patients, the rate of partial response or better was 75% with 3 patients achieving complete response and 6 patients a very good partial response (VGPR). The most common adverse reactions were infusion- related events (IREs) such as fever, cough, nausea, dizziness, and bronchospasm. A total of 9% occurred during predosing and 26% during the first full infusion with a gradual decrease with subsequent infusions. The onset of IREs was within 3-4 hours of infusion. Prophylactic steroids were administered to reduce the incidence of IREs (up to a maximum dose equivalent of 27 mg of dexamethasone per week). There were six serious adverse events (SAEs) related to daratumumab. Treatment-related adverse events included anemia, thrombocytopenia, and infusion reactions. All patients recovered from their SAEs with treatment and the maximum tolerated dose has not yet been reached. There was a dose-dependent decrease in peripheral-blood NK cells that was noted, with full recovery after treatment (11). Daratumumab has a novel mechanism of action that results in enhanced activity in combination with existing standards of care, including first-generation novel agents, such as thalidomide, as well as other therapeutics. Considerable responses have been observed in a cohort of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory MM. (12) However, in order to harness the full potential of the antimyeloma effect of daratumumab, the identification of synergistic drug combinations that target various mechanisms to overcome drug resistance will be vital. The potential role of cytotoxicity induced by the anti-CD38 antibody and the activation of effector cells with the immunomodulatory drugs could make this a very attractive antimyeloma combination therapy. Thalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory drug (IMID), has revolutionized clinical management of patients with MM with responses rates of 30% at relapse (alone) and higher rates at first line and at relapse when in combinations (50-65%) . The mechanism of action of thalidomide in myeloma cells remains under investigation. Thalidomide was found to potently inhibit the proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis.
Thalidomide has direct cytotoxic effects on myeloma cells lines. In addition to its direct effect, IMIDs appear to modulate the bone marrow microenvironment. They can inhibit the up regulation of IL-6, necrose factor-α production and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). It has a direct effect on the T-lymphocytes stimulating cytotoxic T cell proliferation, and induction of secretion of interferon γ and IL-2. The authors mentioned that as thalidomide does not show haematological toxicity, it may be used in advance disease when the platelet count is low . Thalidomide and the iMIDs have been used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents with known and investigational activity in myeloma in several clinical trials. In vitro studies have suggested synergy between these agents and dexamethasone. The use of a treatment combination with monoclonal antibody associated with immunomodulator (in a four drug combo) can lead to a improvement in response rates and in survival, reflects on a better free time interval. Another interesting point is the use of Daratumumab intensified during consolidation and maintenance.
This trial will represent a new option of treatment with a combination of anti CD38 monoclonal antibody (Daratumumab) as induction regimen with CTD protocol (four drug combination). And It use as consolidation and maintenance to give better immunomodulatory response and extended survival and disease control.
- Conditions
- Multiple Myeloma Stage I
- Being tested
- Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab
- Keywords
- multiple myeloma
- Medical subject headings
- Multiple Myeloma
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cyclo Thal Dex DaratumumabCombination product
Also called CTD-Dara,
Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab | Experimental | Eligible patients will be enrolled and treated according to the following elicited schema: Cyclo Thal Dex- Daratumumab (cyclophosphamide 500mg D1-8-15 + thalidomide 100-200mg D1-28 + dexamethasone 40mg/week (28 days cycle)- 4 cycles. ) + Daratumumab 16mg/Kg every week on cycles 1 and 2 and every other week at cycles 3 and 4- (total of 12 doses). Then Daratumumab 16mg/Kg after D+30, every other week as pre consolidation until starts full consolidation D+90-120 every other week (total of 4 doses) + thal100mg D1-28 during sixteen weeks as full consolidation. Follow by Daratumumab 16mg/Kg once a month as maintenance until progression or limiting adverse event (total of 28 planning doses).
Total scheme Daratumumab doses= 50 doses = PROTOCOL MAXDARA. Receives: Combination Product: Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Incidence of response rate better than very good partial response after ASCT
Number of patients that obtained better than VGPR after ASCT based on the IMWG description
Measured: 8 months after starting treatment
Secondary outcomes (14)
Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events as assessed by CTCAE v 4.0
Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0
Measured: 24 months
Incidence of Overall response rate
Evaluate response rate as defined by the International Myeloma Working Group) IMWG- Minimal residual Disease (MRD), stringent complete Response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), partial response (PR), and minimal response (MR) in patients treated with this protocol.
Measured: 24 months
Duration of response after Dara-CTD treatment
Evaluate duration of response in patients treated with Daratumumab Cyclophosphamide thalidomide and dexamethasone treatment
Measured: 24 months
Time of response after Dara-CTD treatment
Evaluate the specific moment of time of partial response observed after Daratumumab Cyclophosphamide thalidomide and dexamethasone treatment
Measured: 24 months
Incidence of Minimal residual disease evaluate by PET CT image
Number of bone and extra bone marrow disease observed by PET CT image at diagnosis and after consolidation therapy by International Myeloma Working Group recommendations
Measured: 24 months
Time to bone marrow engraftment
Measurement of neutrophil number in peripheral blood sample to evaluate the time of bone marrow engraftment
Measured: 24 months
Number of progenitor cell collected after condition treatment
Flow cytometry of progenitor cell number collected
Measured: 24 months
Time to Disease Progression (TTP).
Time to Disease Progression (TTP). The TTP is defined as time from date of randomization to date of first documented evidence of PD, as defined by IMWG criteria
Measured: 24 months
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and PFS on Next Line of Therapy (PFS2).
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and PFS on Next Line of Therapy (PFS2).The PFS2 is defined as time from randomization to progression on next line of treatment or death, whichever occur first. Disease progression will be based on IMWG guide
Measured: 24 months
Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD).
The MRD assessment will be done by flow cytometry in bone marrow aspirate and in stem cell collected pack of participants four pre specified times- after induction, after ASCT, after consolidation and 1 year of maintenance
Measured: 24 months
Peripheral blood lymphocytes number
Peripheral blood lymphocytes analysis will be done by Flow cytometry in spite of look at T and B population. The analysis will be performing at the same time as MRD
Measured: 24 months
Time To Next treatment.
Time To Next treatment. Time to next treatment is defined as the time from randomization to the start of next-line treatment.
Measured: 24 months
Duration of Response (DR).
Duration of Response (DR). The DR is time from date of initial documentation of response (PR or better) to date of first documented PD, as defined by IMWG criteria
Measured: 24 months
Overall Survival (OS).
Overall Survival (OS). The OS is the time from date of randomization to date of participant's death or follow- up lost
Measured: 24 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Jan 2019
- Study start20 Nov 2018
- Primary completionMay 2020 (estimated)
- Study completionApr 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Multiple Myeloma Stage IStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Grupo de Estudos Multicentricos em Onco-Hematologia
- Sponsor type
- Research network
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Edvan de Queiroz Crusoe, Grupo de Estudos Multicentricos em Onco-Hematologia
- Investigators
- Juliana Santos, Principal investigator, CEHON
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03792620
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- U1111-1219-9010
- Other IDs
- CAAE
- Acronym
- MAXDARA
- Status last verified
- Jan 2019
- First submitted
- 19 Nov 2018
- Last updated
- 3 Jan 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Palumbo A, Anderson K. Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 17;364(11):1046-60. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1011442. No abstract available.
PubMed 21410373Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Blade J, Merlini G, Mateos MV, Kumar S, Hillengass J, Kastritis E, Richardson P, Landgren O, Paiva B, Dispenzieri A, Weiss B, LeLeu X, Zweegman S, Lonial S, Rosinol L, Zamagni E, Jagannath S, Sezer O, Kristinsson SY, Caers J, Usmani SZ, Lahuerta JJ, Johnsen HE, Beksac M, Cavo M, Goldschmidt H, Terpos E, Kyle RA, Anderson KC, Durie BG, Miguel JF. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Nov;15(12):e538-48. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5. Epub 2014 Oct 26.
PubMed 25439696Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Bell SE, Szubert AJ, Navarro Coy N, Cook G, Feyler S, Johnson PR, Rudin C, Drayson MT, Owen RG, Ross FM, Russell NH, Jackson GH, Child JA; National Cancer Research Institute Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients destined for autologous stem-cell transplantation: MRC Myeloma IX randomized trial results. Haematologica. 2012 Mar;97(3):442-50. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2011.043372. Epub 2011 Nov 4.
PubMed 22058209Sondergeld P, van de Donk NW, Richardson PG, Plesner T. Monoclonal antibodies in myeloma. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2015 Sep;13(9):599-609.
PubMed 26452191Deaglio S, Mehta K, Malavasi F. Human CD38: a (r)evolutionary story of enzymes and receptors. Leuk Res. 2001 Jan;25(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00093-x.
PubMed 11137554Reinherz EL, Kung PC, Goldstein G, Levey RH, Schlossman SF. Discrete stages of human intrathymic differentiation: analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts of T-cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1588-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1588.
PubMed 6966400Verfaillie CM, Miller JS. CD34+/CD33- cells reselected from macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha+interleukin-3--supplemented "stroma-noncontact" cultures are highly enriched for long-term bone marrow culture initiating cells. Blood. 1994 Sep 1;84(5):1442-9.
PubMed 7520771Phipps C, Chen Y, Gopalakrishnan S, Tan D. Daratumumab and its potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma: overview of the preclinical and clinical development. Ther Adv Hematol. 2015 Jun;6(3):120-7. doi: 10.1177/2040620715572295.
PubMed 26137203Laubach JP, Richardson PG. CD38-Targeted Immunochemotherapy in Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A New Horizon. Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jun 15;21(12):2660-2. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-3190. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
PubMed 25878332van de Donk NW, Lokhorst HM. New developments in the management and treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1569-73. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.805746. Epub 2013 May 31.
PubMed 23721099Lonial S, Weiss BM, Usmani SZ, Singhal S, Chari A, Bahlis NJ, Belch A, Krishnan A, Vescio RA, Mateos MV, Mazumder A, Orlowski RZ, Sutherland HJ, Blade J, Scott EC, Oriol A, Berdeja J, Gharibo M, Stevens DA, LeBlanc R, Sebag M, Callander N, Jakubowiak A, White D, de la Rubia J, Richardson PG, Lisby S, Feng H, Uhlar CM, Khan I, Ahmadi T, Voorhees PM. Daratumumab monotherapy in patients with treatment-refractory multiple myeloma (SIRIUS): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016 Apr 9;387(10027):1551-1560. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01120-4. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
PubMed 26778538de Queiroz Crusoe E, Leal Ribeiro Dos Santos JS, de Andrade Santos J, de Melo Santos HH, de Souza Santos A, Lucas LF, Requiao de Pinna CA, Caldas Freire PN, Araujo de Jesus A, de Moura Almeida A, Dutra DD, Chaves MF, Nicanor JS, Salvino MA, Bomfim Arruda MDG, Hungria V; GBRAM. Phase 2 trial of daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood Neoplasia. 2025 Mar 3;2(3):100081. doi: 10.1016/j.bneo.2025.100081. eCollection 2025 Aug.
PubMed 40575076
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Jan 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Conceptual Study of Daratumumab Intensified Treatment to Eligible Multiple Myeloma New Patients- Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone and Daratumumab Induction, Follow by Daratumumab Consolidation and Maintenance
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03792620
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MAXDARA / U1111-1219-9010
- Conditions
- Multiple Myeloma Stage I
- Keywords
- multiple myeloma
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Grupo de Estudos Multicentricos em Onco-HematologiaResearch network
- Study start
- 20 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- May 2020 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Apr 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 3 Jan 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The best induction protocol to eligible multiple myeloma patients was not established. Combination of three drugs demonstrated better outcomes than two drugs combo. Nevertheless, until now four drugs combo did not prove gain against three drugs One of the three drugs protocol studied as induction was CTD scheme (cyclophosphamide+ thalidomide+dexamethasone). Daratumumab has a novel mechanism of action that results in enhanced activity in combination with existing standards of care, including first-generation novel agents, such as thalidomide, as well as other therapeutics. Considerable responses have been observed in a cohort of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory MM. The use of a treatment combination with monoclonal antibody associated with immunomodulator (in a four drug combo) can lead to a improvement in response rates and in survival, reflects on a better free time interval. This trial will represent a new option of treatment with a combination of anti CD38 monoclonal antibody (DARATUMUMAB) as induction regimen with CTD protocol (four drug combination). And It use as consolidation and maintenance to give better immunomodulatory response and extended survival and disease control.
Detailed description
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with a high degree of genomic instability. Despite improvements in event-free survival and overall survival with the use of autologous stem cell transplantation and novel agents, MM remains an incurable disease (1,2). The best induction protocol to eligible patients was not established. Combination of three drugs demonstrated better outcomes than two drugs combo. Nevertheless, until now four drugs combo did not prove gain against three drugs One of the three drugs protocol studied as induction was CTD scheme (cyclophosphamide+ thalidomide+dexamethasone) (3). This is an induction protocol commonly used in Brazil , with largely access in the brazilian public health system. Several new molecules have been developed in an attempt to improve treatment. One of these new treatment is an anti CD38 (Daratumumab). This potential target is present on plasma cells. The CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein recognized by combining several functions including adhesion, receptor and enzymatic function. (4-6) The expression of CD38 is finely regulated during ontogenesis of B cells and is expressed by progenitors and early stages hematopoietic cells with loss during maturation and only re- expressed during cellular activation .(4) With the information derived from tissue distribution and from pioneer experience in vitro indicates that very early precursors of the hematopoietic stem cells do not express CD38.(7) Despite the description of CD38 on progenitor cells, there was no myelosuppressive effect observed in studies to date. Apart from immune cells, the molecule CD38 has also been found in the brain, pancreatic acinar cells, smooth muscle and osteoclasts although expression in these tissues is in the cytosol or nucleus rather than the cell membrane. (8). Daratumumab has shown a strong signal in preclinical modeling with broad-spectrum killing activity through complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and ADC phagocytosis . (9) Daratumumab was first evaluated clinically in a phase I trial involving patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (10). In combination with others agents (lenalidomide + dexamethasone) preliminary analysis involving 20 patients, the rate of partial response or better was 75% with 3 patients achieving complete response and 6 patients a very good partial response (VGPR). The most common adverse reactions were infusion- related events (IREs) such as fever, cough, nausea, dizziness, and bronchospasm. A total of 9% occurred during predosing and 26% during the first full infusion with a gradual decrease with subsequent infusions. The onset of IREs was within 3-4 hours of infusion. Prophylactic steroids were administered to reduce the incidence of IREs (up to a maximum dose equivalent of 27 mg of dexamethasone per week). There were six serious adverse events (SAEs) related to daratumumab. Treatment-related adverse events included anemia, thrombocytopenia, and infusion reactions. All patients recovered from their SAEs with treatment and the maximum tolerated dose has not yet been reached. There was a dose-dependent decrease in peripheral-blood NK cells that was noted, with full recovery after treatment (11). Daratumumab has a novel mechanism of action that results in enhanced activity in combination with existing standards of care, including first-generation novel agents, such as thalidomide, as well as other therapeutics. Considerable responses have been observed in a cohort of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory MM. (12) However, in order to harness the full potential of the antimyeloma effect of daratumumab, the identification of synergistic drug combinations that target various mechanisms to overcome drug resistance will be vital. The potential role of cytotoxicity induced by the anti-CD38 antibody and the activation of effector cells with the immunomodulatory drugs could make this a very attractive antimyeloma combination therapy. Thalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory drug (IMID), has revolutionized clinical management of patients with MM with responses rates of 30% at relapse (alone) and higher rates at first line and at relapse when in combinations (50-65%) . The mechanism of action of thalidomide in myeloma cells remains under investigation. Thalidomide was found to potently inhibit the proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis.
Thalidomide has direct cytotoxic effects on myeloma cells lines. In addition to its direct effect, IMIDs appear to modulate the bone marrow microenvironment. They can inhibit the up regulation of IL-6, necrose factor-α production and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). It has a direct effect on the T-lymphocytes stimulating cytotoxic T cell proliferation, and induction of secretion of interferon γ and IL-2. The authors mentioned that as thalidomide does not show haematological toxicity, it may be used in advance disease when the platelet count is low . Thalidomide and the iMIDs have been used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents with known and investigational activity in myeloma in several clinical trials. In vitro studies have suggested synergy between these agents and dexamethasone. The use of a treatment combination with monoclonal antibody associated with immunomodulator (in a four drug combo) can lead to a improvement in response rates and in survival, reflects on a better free time interval. Another interesting point is the use of Daratumumab intensified during consolidation and maintenance.
This trial will represent a new option of treatment with a combination of anti CD38 monoclonal antibody (Daratumumab) as induction regimen with CTD protocol (four drug combination). And It use as consolidation and maintenance to give better immunomodulatory response and extended survival and disease control.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab | Experimental | Combination Product: Cyclo Thal Dex DaratumumabEligible patients will be enrolled and treated according to the following elicited schema: Cyclo Thal Dex- Daratumumab (cyclophosphamide 500mg D1-8-15 + thalidomide 100-200mg D1-28 + dexamethasone 40mg/week (28 days cycle)- 4 cycles. ) + Daratumumab 16mg/Kg every week on cycles 1 and 2 and every other week at cycles 3 and 4- (total of 12 doses). Then Daratumumab 16mg/Kg after D+30, every other week as pre consolidation until starts full consolidation D+90-120 every other week (total of 4 doses) + thal100mg D1-28 during sixteen weeks as full consolidation. Follow by Daratumumab 16mg/Kg once a month as maintenance until progression or limiting adverse event (total of 28 planning doses). Total scheme Daratumumab doses= 50 doses = PROTOCOL MAXDARA. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 120 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participant must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0, 1, or 2
- Participants who are newly diagnosed considered for high-dose chemotherapy due to: being age <=65 years; without presence of important comorbidity condition(s) likely to have a negative impact on tolerability of high dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation. Committee review and approval of participants is required before inclusion
- Women of childbearing potential must commit to either abstain continuously from sexual intercourse or to use 2 methods of reliable birth control simultaneously as deemed appropriate by the Investigator. Contraception must begin 4 weeks prior to dosing and must continue for 4 months after the last dose of DARATUMUMAB
- Man, who is sexually active with a woman of child-bearing potential potential must agree to use a latex or synthetic condom, even if he had a successful vasectomy, must agree to use an adequate contraception method as deemed appropriate by the Investigator, and must also agree to not donate sperm during the study and for four weeks after last dose of thalidomide and DARATUMUMB
- Participants with known or suspected COPD or asthma must have a FEV1 test during Screening
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Participant has a diagnosis of primary amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (presence of serum M-protein <3 g/dL; absence of lytic bone lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, and renal insufficiency related to the M-protein), or smoldering multiple myeloma (asymptomatic multiple myeloma with absence of related organ or tissue impairment end organ damage, and absence of biomarkers activity)
- Participant has a diagnosis of Waldenström's disease, or other conditions in which IgM M protein is present in the absence of a clonal plasma cell infiltration with lytic bone lesions
- Participant has a history of malignancy (other than multiple myeloma) within 5 years before the date of randomization (exceptions are squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin and carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or malignancy that in the opinion of the Investigator, with concurrence with the medical monitor, is considered cured with minimal risk of recurrence within 5 years)
- Participant has prior or current systemic therapy or SCT for multiple myeloma, with the exception of an emergency use of a short course (equivalent of dexamethasone 40 mg/day for a maximum 4 days) of corticosteroids 30 days before treatment
- Participant has had radiation therapy within 14 days of randomization
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclo Thal Dex DaratumumabAlso: CTD-Dara,Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab | Combination product | Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab |
Primary outcome
Incidence of response rate better than very good partial response after ASCT
Time frame: 8 months after starting treatment
Number of patients that obtained better than VGPR after ASCT based on the IMWG description
14 secondary outcomes
Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events as assessed by CTCAE v 4.0
Time frame: 24 months
Incidence of Overall response rate
Time frame: 24 months
Duration of response after Dara-CTD treatment
Time frame: 24 months
Time of response after Dara-CTD treatment
Time frame: 24 months
Incidence of Minimal residual disease evaluate by PET CT image
Time frame: 24 months
Time to bone marrow engraftment
Time frame: 24 months
Number of progenitor cell collected after condition treatment
Time frame: 24 months
Time to Disease Progression (TTP).
Time frame: 24 months
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and PFS on Next Line of Therapy (PFS2).
Time frame: 24 months
Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD).
Time frame: 24 months
Peripheral blood lymphocytes number
Time frame: 24 months
Time To Next treatment.
Time frame: 24 months
Duration of Response (DR).
Time frame: 24 months
Overall Survival (OS).
Time frame: 24 months
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Jan 2019.
- Results publication: PubMed 21410373Palumbo A, Anderson K. Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 17;364(11):1046-60. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1011442. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 25439696Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Blade J, Merlini G, Mateos MV, Kumar S, Hillengass J, Kastritis E, Richardson P, Landgren O, Paiva B, Dispenzieri A, Weiss B, LeLeu X, Zweegman S, Lonial S, Rosinol L, Zamagni E, Jagannath S, Sezer O, Kristinsson SY, Caers J, Usmani SZ, Lahuerta JJ, Johnsen HE, Beksac M, Cavo M, Goldschmidt H, Terpos E, Kyle RA, Anderson KC, Durie BG, Miguel JF. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Nov;15(12):e538-48. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5. Epub 2014 Oct 26.
- Results publication: PubMed 22058209Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Bell SE, Szubert AJ, Navarro Coy N, Cook G, Feyler S, Johnson PR, Rudin C, Drayson MT, Owen RG, Ross FM, Russell NH, Jackson GH, Child JA; National Cancer Research Institute Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients destined for autologous stem-cell transplantation: MRC Myeloma IX randomized trial results. Haematologica. 2012 Mar;97(3):442-50. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2011.043372. Epub 2011 Nov 4.
- Results publication: PubMed 26452191Sondergeld P, van de Donk NW, Richardson PG, Plesner T. Monoclonal antibodies in myeloma. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2015 Sep;13(9):599-609.
- Results publication: PubMed 11137554Deaglio S, Mehta K, Malavasi F. Human CD38: a (r)evolutionary story of enzymes and receptors. Leuk Res. 2001 Jan;25(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00093-x.
- Results publication: PubMed 6966400Reinherz EL, Kung PC, Goldstein G, Levey RH, Schlossman SF. Discrete stages of human intrathymic differentiation: analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts of T-cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1588-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1588.
- Results publication: PubMed 7520771Verfaillie CM, Miller JS. CD34+/CD33- cells reselected from macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha+interleukin-3--supplemented "stroma-noncontact" cultures are highly enriched for long-term bone marrow culture initiating cells. Blood. 1994 Sep 1;84(5):1442-9.
- Results publication: PubMed 26137203Phipps C, Chen Y, Gopalakrishnan S, Tan D. Daratumumab and its potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma: overview of the preclinical and clinical development. Ther Adv Hematol. 2015 Jun;6(3):120-7. doi: 10.1177/2040620715572295.
- Results publication: PubMed 25878332Laubach JP, Richardson PG. CD38-Targeted Immunochemotherapy in Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A New Horizon. Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jun 15;21(12):2660-2. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-3190. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
- Results publication: PubMed 23721099van de Donk NW, Lokhorst HM. New developments in the management and treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1569-73. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.805746. Epub 2013 May 31.
- Results publication: PubMed 26778538Lonial S, Weiss BM, Usmani SZ, Singhal S, Chari A, Bahlis NJ, Belch A, Krishnan A, Vescio RA, Mateos MV, Mazumder A, Orlowski RZ, Sutherland HJ, Blade J, Scott EC, Oriol A, Berdeja J, Gharibo M, Stevens DA, LeBlanc R, Sebag M, Callander N, Jakubowiak A, White D, de la Rubia J, Richardson PG, Lisby S, Feng H, Uhlar CM, Khan I, Ahmadi T, Voorhees PM. Daratumumab monotherapy in patients with treatment-refractory multiple myeloma (SIRIUS): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016 Apr 9;387(10027):1551-1560. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01120-4. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40575076de Queiroz Crusoe E, Leal Ribeiro Dos Santos JS, de Andrade Santos J, de Melo Santos HH, de Souza Santos A, Lucas LF, Requiao de Pinna CA, Caldas Freire PN, Araujo de Jesus A, de Moura Almeida A, Dutra DD, Chaves MF, Nicanor JS, Salvino MA, Bomfim Arruda MDG, Hungria V; GBRAM. Phase 2 trial of daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood Neoplasia. 2025 Mar 3;2(3):100081. doi: 10.1016/j.bneo.2025.100081. eCollection 2025 Aug.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Juliana Santos principal investigator
CEHON
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing Cyclo Thal Dex Daratumumab in people with Multiple Myeloma Stage I, run by Grupo de Estudos Multicentricos em Onco-Hematologia at 1 site in Brazil.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Jan 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Brazil. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Edvan Q Crusoé (+55 71 981065839, edvancrusoe@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Incidence of response rate better than very good partial response after ASCT (time frame: 8 months after starting treatment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03792620, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Jan 2019.