MAC-cbt Group Therapy for Adults With ADHD

Quality of life will be assessed by the short version of WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (Group, 1998)). The questionnaire consists of 26 items that were extracted from the complete version consists of 100 items (WHOQOL-100) based on a 5-point Likert scale. For the German short version, Cronbach's alpha scores between .76 and .88 (Skevington, Lotfy, O'Connell, \& Group, 2004). Range from 26 to 105 (min.-max).

The change detection task, modeled paradigm by Luck and Vogel, examines the visual working memory and covers sustained and selective attention. Patients will see a first pattern of differently colored squares for 300ms followed by a 1000ms pause and then a second pattern of squares. The task is then to determine whether the colors of every square are identical, will be repeated 120 times and takes approximately 12 minutes in total. Reaction times and the amount of mistakes made will then give information on the level of functioning. In addition, a TMT-A and B (Reitan, 1992) will be conducted. Patients will be asked to first connect numbers ranging from 1 to 30 in increasing order and then numbers from one to 15 and letters from A through O alphabetically alternating. Reaction times, times between clicks and the amount of correct and incorrect clicks will provide insight to the level of attentional functioning. Measurement of single individual scores, no qualified range described.

In order to assess mindfulness as well as the perception of the "here and now", the German version of the MAAS (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown \& Ryan, 2003)) is used. In total, it consists of 15 items on a 6-point Likert scale. Since non-mindful behaviors are described, high scores mean a higher level of mindfulness. The internal consistency, represented by Cronbach's alpha, amounts α = .83 for the German version (Michalak, Heidenreich, Ströhle, \& Nachtigall, 2008).Range form 15 to 90 points.

The FAH II Questionnaire (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire), the German version of AAQ (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011; Hoyer \& Gloster, 2013)), aims to measure acceptance and psychological flexibility. The questionnaire consists of seven items, based on a 7-point Likert scale. Hoyer and Gloster found Cronbach's alpha between.84 and .97 and a test-retest reliability of rtt = .74 - .85 for the German version (2011). Range from 7 to 49 points.

The PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire, (Gräfe, Zipfel, Herzog, \& Löwe, 2004)) is used for psychodiagnostic screening and a possible change in patient depression. It is a self-assessment tool based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV (Saß \& Association, 1998)) and includes modules on somatoform disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders, alcohol abuse, psychosocial functioning, stressors, critical life events and for participants to menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth. In total, it contains 78 items, which are based on a 2- to 5-point Likert scale depending on the module. For the depression scale of PHQ-D the internal consistency according to Cronbach's alpha is α = .88, for the somatization scale α = .79. Different subscales, no combined score, individual ranges and scores.

Visual analogue scales (VAS) with regard to satisfaction with mental health and the willingness to change are going to be evaluated.Range from 0 to 10 per scale, no combined scores.

Each time before and after the therapy sessions, five visual analogue scales are to be filled in, on which patients evaluate their current mood, stress, restlessness, trust in effectiveness of psychotherapy and their energy level. Range from 0 to 10 per scale, no combined scores.