Metabolic SyndromeNCT03841786
Effect of Phosphorus Additives on the Metabolome in Healthy Adults
A study testing Phosphorus-supplemented study diet in people with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Sensitivity, run by University of Alabama at Birmingham at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study evaluates the effect of phosphorus supplementation on the human metabolome. The investigators will do so by conducting a cross-over study in healthy adults consuming a study diet (normal diet supplemented by neutral sodium phosphorus, 1 gram/day) for seven days and a control diet (normal diet supplemented… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, Cardiovascular Diseases
- What is being tested?
- Phosphorus-supplemented study diet
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 28 Jun 2019to 15 Sep 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- healthy volunteers, aged 18 - 45 years with normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 ml/min/1.73m2).
Who cannot join
- abnormal urinalysis-presence of hematuria, proteinuria, or leukocyturia. pregnancy or breast-feeding
- Medical conditions impacting phosphate metabolism-primary hyperparathyroidism; gastrointestinal malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's Disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, or liver dysfunction; hyper- or hypothyroidism; irregular menses for female subjects.
- Medications known to affect phosphorus metabolism- current use of phosphorus supplements, high-dose or activated vitamin D compounds, regular antacid or laxative use, anticonvulsants.
- Hyper- or hypophosphatemia (≥ 4.6 mg/dl or ≤ 2.5 mg/dl respectively), hyper- or hypocalcemia (≥ 10.6 or ≤ 8.5 mg/dl respectively), or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 8 g/dl for women and < 9 g/dl for men), hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mmol/L).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study evaluates the effect of phosphorus supplementation on the human metabolome. The investigators will do so by conducting a cross-over study in healthy adults consuming a study diet (normal diet supplemented by neutral sodium phosphorus, 1 gram/day) for seven days and a control diet (normal diet supplemented by sodium and potassium chloride only) for seven days with a 28 day wash-out period in between. Untargeted metabolomic analyses will be done in serum samples obtained at the end of each diet period.
Read the detailed description
Phosphorus is an essential micronutrient involved in a number of key biological processes. Excess phosphorus intake is linked to hypertension, heart failure, and disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. This has critical implications for public health in that dietary phosphorus consumption in the US far exceeds current recommendations for daily intake.
Most studies that examined the adverse effects of excess phosphorus intake have focused on single tissue or cell specific processes. However, a full understanding of the systemic impact of nutritional phosphorus intake requires a more integrated biologic approach. The human metabolome represents the final end-product of the omics cascade, which can serve as an integrated measure of the total biological response to dietary exposures. Few studies have examined the impact of nutritional phosphorus intake on the human metabolome. Expanding the understanding of the effect of diet phosphorus on the metabolome has the potential to identify novel phosphorus-responsive pathways that may be therapeutic targets for reducing the development of hypertension, cardiovascular and kidney disease. The investigators will test the following hypothesis: consumption of a high phosphorus diet will result in significant changes in circulating metabolites associated with cardiometabolic health.
This hypothesis is supported by published and preliminary studies showing that high phosphorus intake alters metabolic pathways with a wide variety of pathophysiologic effects. In the current application, the investigators propose to build on this work by investigating the effect of phosphorus consumption on the human metabolome using an untargeted approach. The investigators will do so by conducting a cross-over study in healthy adults consuming a study diet (normal diet supplemented by neutral sodium phosphorus, 1 gram/day) for seven days and a control diet (normal diet supplemented by sodium and potassium chloride only) for seven days with a 28 day wash-out period.
- Being tested
- Phosphorus-supplemented study diet, Control Diet
- Keywords
- Metabolome, Phosphorus, Nutrition
- Medical subject headings
- Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Cardiovascular Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Phosphorus-supplemented study dietOther
Participants will be instructed to consume a normal diet and will take a total of 1,000 mg of supplemental phosphorus per day in the form of neutral sodium phosphorus (K-Phos neutral®) for 1 week.
Control DietOther
Participants will be asked to consume a normal diet supplemented with sodium and potassium chloride tablets commensurate with the extra sodium and potassium content consumed during the study diet period for 1 week
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control diet | Placebo comparator | Participants will be asked to consume a normal diet supplemented with sodium chloride (sodium chloride tablets, USP, 1 gram; 3 tablets per day) and potassium chloride (Klor-Con, 8 mEq; 0.5 tablets per day) for 1 week. Receives: Other: Control Diet |
| Phosphorus-supplemented study diet | Experimental | Participants will be instructed to consume a normal diet with supplemental phosphorus (K-Phos Neutral tablets, 250 mg; 4 tablets a day) for 1 week. Receives: Other: Phosphorus-supplemented study diet |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Untargeted Metabolomics
Untargeted metabolomics will be the primary endpoint and will be performed on serum samples obtained for all participants at the end of each dietary period.
Measured: 7 days
Secondary outcomes (1)
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)
FGF23 concentrations will be measured at the end of each dietary period
Measured: 7 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Feb 2019
- Study start28 Jun 2019
- Primary completion27 Apr 2021
- Study completion15 Sep 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Metabolic SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Alabama at BirminghamThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Eligible subjects will consume a phosphorus supplemented diet (study diet) and a sodium and potassium chloride supplemented diet (control diet), with cross-over to the other diet following a 24-day wash-out period. The order in which the diets are consumed will be randomly assigned.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Orlando M. Gutierrez, MD, MMSc, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Investigators
- Orlando Gutierrez, M.D., Principal investigator, University of Alabama at Birmingham
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03841786
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB-300002442
- Status last verified
- Dec 2022
- First submitted
- 12 Feb 2019
- Last updated
- 29 Dec 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Block GA, Klassen PS, Lazarus JM, Ofsthun N, Lowrie EG, Chertow GM. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Aug;15(8):2208-18. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000133041.27682.A2.
PubMed 15284307Dhingra R, Sullivan LM, Fox CS, Wang TJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Gaziano JM, Vasan RS. Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. Arch Intern Med. 2007 May 14;167(9):879-85. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.9.879.
PubMed 17502528Foley RN, Collins AJ, Herzog CA, Ishani A, Kalra PA. Serum phosphate and left ventricular hypertrophy in young adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2009;32(1):37-44. doi: 10.1159/000203348. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
PubMed 19229116Ix JH, De Boer IH, Peralta CA, Adeney KL, Duprez DA, Jenny NS, Siscovick DS, Kestenbaum BR. Serum phosphorus concentrations and arterial stiffness among individuals with normal kidney function to moderate kidney disease in MESA. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;4(3):609-15. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04100808. Epub 2009 Feb 11.
PubMed 19211667Kestenbaum B, Sampson JN, Rudser KD, Patterson DJ, Seliger SL, Young B, Sherrard DJ, Andress DL. Serum phosphate levels and mortality risk among people with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Feb;16(2):520-8. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004070602. Epub 2004 Dec 22.
PubMed 15615819Tonelli M, Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Gao Z, Curhan G; Cholesterol And Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Relation between serum phosphate level and cardiovascular event rate in people with coronary disease. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2627-33. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553198.
PubMed 16246962Mathew S, Tustison KS, Sugatani T, Chaudhary LR, Rifas L, Hruska KA. The mechanism of phosphorus as a cardiovascular risk factor in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Jun;19(6):1092-105. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007070760. Epub 2008 Apr 16.
PubMed 18417722Shuto E, Taketani Y, Tanaka R, Harada N, Isshiki M, Sato M, Nashiki K, Amo K, Yamamoto H, Higashi Y, Nakaya Y, Takeda E. Dietary phosphorus acutely impairs endothelial function. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jul;20(7):1504-12. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008101106. Epub 2009 Apr 30.
PubMed 19406976Adeney KL, Siscovick DS, Ix JH, Seliger SL, Shlipak MG, Jenny NS, Kestenbaum BR. Association of serum phosphate with vascular and valvular calcification in moderate CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Feb;20(2):381-7. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008040349. Epub 2008 Dec 10.
PubMed 19073826Saab G, Whooley MA, Schiller NB, Ix JH. Association of serum phosphorus with left ventricular mass in men and women with stable cardiovascular disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Sep;56(3):496-505. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.03.030. Epub 2010 Jun 26.
PubMed 20580478Gutierrez OM. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and disordered vitamin D metabolism in chronic kidney disease: updating the "trade-off" hypothesis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Sep;5(9):1710-6. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02640310. Epub 2010 May 27.
PubMed 20507957Uribarri J. Phosphorus homeostasis in normal health and in chronic kidney disease patients with special emphasis on dietary phosphorus intake. Semin Dial. 2007 Jul-Aug;20(4):295-301. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00309.x.
PubMed 17635818Uribarri J, Calvo MS. Hidden sources of phosphorus in the typical American diet: does it matter in nephrology? Semin Dial. 2003 May-Jun;16(3):186-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2003.16037.x.
PubMed 12753675Gutierrez OM, Luzuriaga-McPherson A, Lin Y, Gilbert LC, Ha SW, Beck GR Jr. Impact of Phosphorus-Based Food Additives on Bone and Mineral Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov;100(11):4264-71. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2279. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
PubMed 26323022
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Dec 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Phosphorus Additives on the Metabolome in Healthy Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03841786
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB-300002442
- Keywords
- Metabolome, Phosphorus, Nutrition
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Alabama at BirminghamUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 28 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Apr 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Feb 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluates the effect of phosphorus supplementation on the human metabolome. The investigators will do so by conducting a cross-over study in healthy adults consuming a study diet (normal diet supplemented by neutral sodium phosphorus, 1 gram/day) for seven days and a control diet (normal diet supplemented by sodium and potassium chloride only) for seven days with a 28 day wash-out period in between. Untargeted metabolomic analyses will be done in serum samples obtained at the end of each diet period.
Detailed description
Phosphorus is an essential micronutrient involved in a number of key biological processes. Excess phosphorus intake is linked to hypertension, heart failure, and disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. This has critical implications for public health in that dietary phosphorus consumption in the US far exceeds current recommendations for daily intake.
Most studies that examined the adverse effects of excess phosphorus intake have focused on single tissue or cell specific processes. However, a full understanding of the systemic impact of nutritional phosphorus intake requires a more integrated biologic approach. The human metabolome represents the final end-product of the omics cascade, which can serve as an integrated measure of the total biological response to dietary exposures. Few studies have examined the impact of nutritional phosphorus intake on the human metabolome. Expanding the understanding of the effect of diet phosphorus on the metabolome has the potential to identify novel phosphorus-responsive pathways that may be therapeutic targets for reducing the development of hypertension, cardiovascular and kidney disease. The investigators will test the following hypothesis: consumption of a high phosphorus diet will result in significant changes in circulating metabolites associated with cardiometabolic health.
This hypothesis is supported by published and preliminary studies showing that high phosphorus intake alters metabolic pathways with a wide variety of pathophysiologic effects. In the current application, the investigators propose to build on this work by investigating the effect of phosphorus consumption on the human metabolome using an untargeted approach. The investigators will do so by conducting a cross-over study in healthy adults consuming a study diet (normal diet supplemented by neutral sodium phosphorus, 1 gram/day) for seven days and a control diet (normal diet supplemented by sodium and potassium chloride only) for seven days with a 28 day wash-out period.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Eligible subjects will consume a phosphorus supplemented diet (study diet) and a sodium and potassium chloride supplemented diet (control diet), with cross-over to the other diet following a 24-day wash-out period. The order in which the diets are consumed will be randomly assigned.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control diet | Placebo comparator | Other: Control DietParticipants will be asked to consume a normal diet supplemented with sodium chloride (sodium chloride tablets, USP, 1 gram; 3 tablets per day) and potassium chloride (Klor-Con, 8 mEq; 0.5 tablets per day) for 1 week. |
| Phosphorus-supplemented study diet | Experimental | Other: Phosphorus-supplemented study dietParticipants will be instructed to consume a normal diet with supplemental phosphorus (K-Phos Neutral tablets, 250 mg; 4 tablets a day) for 1 week. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- healthy volunteers, aged 18 - 45 years with normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 ml/min/1.73m2).
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- abnormal urinalysis-presence of hematuria, proteinuria, or leukocyturia. pregnancy or breast-feeding
- Medical conditions impacting phosphate metabolism-primary hyperparathyroidism; gastrointestinal malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's Disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, or liver dysfunction; hyper- or hypothyroidism; irregular menses for female subjects.
- Medications known to affect phosphorus metabolism- current use of phosphorus supplements, high-dose or activated vitamin D compounds, regular antacid or laxative use, anticonvulsants.
- Hyper- or hypophosphatemia (≥ 4.6 mg/dl or ≤ 2.5 mg/dl respectively), hyper- or hypocalcemia (≥ 10.6 or ≤ 8.5 mg/dl respectively), or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 8 g/dl for women and < 9 g/dl for men), hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mmol/L).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Phosphorus-supplemented study dietParticipants will be instructed to consume a normal diet and will take a total of 1,000 mg of supplemental phosphorus per day in the form of neutral sodium phosphorus (K-Phos neutral®) for 1 week. | Other | Phosphorus-supplemented study diet |
| Control DietParticipants will be asked to consume a normal diet supplemented with sodium and potassium chloride tablets commensurate with the extra sodium and potassium content consumed during the study diet period for 1 week | Other | Control diet |
Primary outcome
Untargeted Metabolomics
Time frame: 7 days
Untargeted metabolomics will be the primary endpoint and will be performed on serum samples obtained for all participants at the end of each dietary period.
1 secondary outcome
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)
Time frame: 7 days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Dec 2022.
- Background: PubMed 15284307Block GA, Klassen PS, Lazarus JM, Ofsthun N, Lowrie EG, Chertow GM. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Aug;15(8):2208-18. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000133041.27682.A2.
- Background: PubMed 17502528Dhingra R, Sullivan LM, Fox CS, Wang TJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Gaziano JM, Vasan RS. Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. Arch Intern Med. 2007 May 14;167(9):879-85. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.9.879.
- Background: PubMed 19229116Foley RN, Collins AJ, Herzog CA, Ishani A, Kalra PA. Serum phosphate and left ventricular hypertrophy in young adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2009;32(1):37-44. doi: 10.1159/000203348. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
- Background: PubMed 19211667Ix JH, De Boer IH, Peralta CA, Adeney KL, Duprez DA, Jenny NS, Siscovick DS, Kestenbaum BR. Serum phosphorus concentrations and arterial stiffness among individuals with normal kidney function to moderate kidney disease in MESA. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;4(3):609-15. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04100808. Epub 2009 Feb 11.
- Background: PubMed 15615819Kestenbaum B, Sampson JN, Rudser KD, Patterson DJ, Seliger SL, Young B, Sherrard DJ, Andress DL. Serum phosphate levels and mortality risk among people with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Feb;16(2):520-8. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004070602. Epub 2004 Dec 22.
- Background: PubMed 16246962Tonelli M, Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Gao Z, Curhan G; Cholesterol And Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Relation between serum phosphate level and cardiovascular event rate in people with coronary disease. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2627-33. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553198.
- Background: PubMed 18417722Mathew S, Tustison KS, Sugatani T, Chaudhary LR, Rifas L, Hruska KA. The mechanism of phosphorus as a cardiovascular risk factor in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Jun;19(6):1092-105. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007070760. Epub 2008 Apr 16.
- Background: PubMed 19406976Shuto E, Taketani Y, Tanaka R, Harada N, Isshiki M, Sato M, Nashiki K, Amo K, Yamamoto H, Higashi Y, Nakaya Y, Takeda E. Dietary phosphorus acutely impairs endothelial function. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jul;20(7):1504-12. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008101106. Epub 2009 Apr 30.
- Background: PubMed 19073826Adeney KL, Siscovick DS, Ix JH, Seliger SL, Shlipak MG, Jenny NS, Kestenbaum BR. Association of serum phosphate with vascular and valvular calcification in moderate CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Feb;20(2):381-7. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008040349. Epub 2008 Dec 10.
- Background: PubMed 20580478Saab G, Whooley MA, Schiller NB, Ix JH. Association of serum phosphorus with left ventricular mass in men and women with stable cardiovascular disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Sep;56(3):496-505. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.03.030. Epub 2010 Jun 26.
- Background: PubMed 20507957Gutierrez OM. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and disordered vitamin D metabolism in chronic kidney disease: updating the "trade-off" hypothesis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Sep;5(9):1710-6. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02640310. Epub 2010 May 27.
- Background: PubMed 17635818Uribarri J. Phosphorus homeostasis in normal health and in chronic kidney disease patients with special emphasis on dietary phosphorus intake. Semin Dial. 2007 Jul-Aug;20(4):295-301. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00309.x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Orlando Gutierrez, M.D. principal investigator
University of Alabama at Birmingham
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Phosphorus-supplemented study diet in people with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Sensitivity, run by University of Alabama at Birmingham at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Dec 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Untargeted Metabolomics (time frame: 7 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03841786, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Dec 2022.