Coronary Artery DiseaseNCT03857282
Tai Chi Exercises on Physical Activity and Pulmonary Function in CABG
A study testing Aerobic Exercises and Tai Chi Exercises in people with Coronary Artery Disease, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
To improve the cardiopulmonary endurance in Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Internationally in cardiac hospital facility of cardiac rehabilitation is available to improve the patient's physical activity and decrease the list of secondary complications. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Coronary Artery Disease
- What is being tested?
- Aerobic Exercises and Tai Chi Exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 74 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 20 Feb 2018to 5 Jul 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- post-operative CABG patients,
- Ejection fraction >40% were included
Who cannot join
- 2,3,4 scale of angina,
- unstable congestive heart failure,
- Substantial myocardial ischemia,
- Cardiac arrhythmias,
- Reopen chest after surgery,
- Uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Tai Chi Exercises on Physical Activity and Pulmonary Function In Patients With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
To improve the cardiopulmonary endurance in Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Internationally in cardiac hospital facility of cardiac rehabilitation is available to improve the patient's physical activity and decrease the list of secondary complications. But in Pakistan ideal phase II cardiac rehabilitation is limited available in limited hospitals due to cost issues and limited resources for monitoring during exercise. A Randomized control trail Study was conducted in Armed force institute of cardiology (AFIC) Rawalpindi. The Total sample size was 74 post (CABG). The aim of study was to influence of Tai chai on coronary artery bypass surgery patients.
Read the detailed description
Coronary blood vessel disease is a disease of vessels supplying the muscles of the heart. Heart attack is generally acute condition and mainly produced by an obstruction, that stop the blood supply to the heart. Coronary artery diseases can be progressive or non-progressive. Physical activity or exercise is necessary for all the healthy individuals to prevent the risk of diseases and maintained health status. Physical exercise often varies from physical activity by animation more measured in relations of intensity and period, while physical activity studies tend to integrate an enormous diversity of unspecified activities. Physical activity or exercise is used as conservative treatment of coronary artery diseases as a cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiac rehabilitation gives positive effect on patient's conditions by the exercise training program. Exercise may improve the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and repetitive capacity or capability to maintain physical activity for long periods of time. Exercise have multiple benefits on improving endothelial function, myocardial stream replacement decreasing smoking, body mass, plasma fats and blood pressure. Guided work out or exercise may decrease the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Different types of Aerobic exercises are the part of cardiac rehabilitation, start at very early in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. Aerobic exercises may improve the maintenance of functional capacity and muscular strength but it shows no impact on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. Aerobic exercises are perform in different ways some of them are in the form of intervals and some are continues. Studies shows that Four weeks of intense training increased VO2 peak significantly after both aerobic interval training and moderate continues training, but After 6 months only aerobic interval training gives high peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). It shows that both training have similarly effects in the tiny tenure and in extensive tenure only effect aerobic interval training.
The most common aerobic exercises are perform at Treadmill and bicycle in cardiac rehabilitation program. Studies shows that Treadmill aerobic working out progresses both functional mobility and circulatory appropriateness in patients with chronic (CABG) and is more operational than reference rehabilitation reciprocated to conventional care. Now a day Tai chi is used in all over the world for health and defense or protection. Tai chi is a fighting art it is used in defense and health related fitness it is appropriate conditioning exercise for elder people. In health related benefits Yang Tai chi are most commonly practiced worldwide. Tai chi exercises are also practiced in rehabilitation department to gain the balance, coordination, endurance and physical activity in patients with stroke and coronary artery bypass grafting most commonly.
Consistent aerobic workout and lifestyle modification are imperative for preventing and treating high blood pressure. For individuals with hypertension
,The American College of Sports Medicine recommends the following exercise guidelines like frequency: aerobic exercise most preferably all days of a week; resistance exercise 2-3 days per week. Intensity of exercise must be moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise. Time of exercise must be 30-60 minutes for every day of aerobic implementation while resistance working out at least one set of 8-12 reiterations for each of the main muscle groups. Studies shows that Tai Chi gives positive effects on blood pressure. Tai Chi training may reduce the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with HTN. Tai chi also reduce the systolic as well as diastolic in normal healthy individuals.
Young DR, conducted a study with the title of "The properties of aerobic workout and Tai Chi on blood pressure in older individuals" and they concluded that the programs of low and modest concentration workout have the same effects on blood pressure in elderly patients.
Stroke is a common root of expiry in ageing population it is due to atherosclerosis are hemorrhagic in the minor or intermediate vessels of the brain. In such kind of patient significant reduction in quality of life, neurological discrepancies and deficiency of intellectual function.It reported that stroke patients increasing peak oxygen acceptance and walking distance by workout. Cerebrovascular accident patients frequently have compromised equilibrium and motor function, thus Tai Chi training program can be used in rehabilitation of stroke. A study in elderly subjects on Tai chi, balancing exercise and workout instruction groups. After four months of physical activity the follow up evaluation illustrate that only Tai Chi subjects informed that their daily activities and their whole life had been exaggerated. The result demonstrates that in women emotional as well as physical control is supposed to be improved in sense of enhancement in overall well-being and inspiration to continue physical training also rises.
Effectiveness of Tai Chi, brisk hiking, meditation and reading in reducing psychological and emotional stress in 1992 and calculated that Tai Chi activities are used to decrease mental stress or disorder it is advantageous to quit smoking, drinking and other life threatening obsessions also. For the reason that Tai Chi is also used as to enlarge psychological well being and mental sickness.
Another study concluded that Tai Chi trainings are an aerobic movements it is very supportive for different age and gender, it also increase functional capability of the participants.
There was a research gap in previous study Tai chi training was done after phase II cardiac rehabilitation and duration of training was 6 months to 1 year. In current study we analyze Effect of Tai chi exercise on physical activity, pulmonary function and the rate of perceived exertion after exercise in patients with cardiovascular bypass surgeries in phase II cardiac rehabilitation.
- Conditions
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Being tested
- Aerobic Exercises, Tai Chi Exercises
- Keywords
- Bicycling, Coronary Artery Disease, Pulmonary Function, Tai Chi
- Medical subject headings
- Coronary Artery Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Aerobic ExercisesOther
5 to 10 min warm up exercises than 30min bicycle exercise and 5 to 10 min cool down exercises
Tai Chi ExercisesOther
5 to 10 min warm up exercises and 30 min Tai Chi exercises and than than 5 to 10 min cool down exercises.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercises | Active comparator | Bicycling Exercise (lower Limb) Receives: Other: Aerobic Exercises |
| Tai Chi Exercises | Experimental | Tai Chi Exercises (yang 24 Postures) Receives: Other: Tai Chi Exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
Changes from the Baseline, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in liters will be measured through Digital spirometer
Measured: 6 weeks
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
Changes from the Baseline, forced vital capacity (FVC) in liters will be measured through Digital spirometer
Measured: 6 weeks
Peak expiratory flow (PEF).
Changes from the Baseline, Peak expiratory flow (PEF) in Liters/seconds will be measured through Digital spirometer
Measured: 6 weeks
International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)
Changes from Baseline, (IPAQ) It is recommended that activity bouts of greater than 3 hours are truncated. That is to say that a bout cannot be longer than 3 hours (180 minutes). This means that in each category a maximum of 21 hours of activity are permitted a week (3 hours X 7 days) To calculate metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes a week multiply the MET value given (remember walking = 3.3, moderate activity = 4, vigorous activity = 8) by the minutes the activity was carried out and again by the number of days that that activity was undertaken. For example if someone reports walking for 30 minutes 5 days a week then the total MET minutes for that activity are 3.3 X 30 X 5=495 Met minutes a week.
You can add the MET minutes achieved in each category (walking, moderate activity and vigorous activity) to get total MET minutes of physical activity a week.
Measured: 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (6)
Modified Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale
(RPE) Scale - Modified BORG scale. Grading scale for fatigue and endurance. 0. At rest. 1. Very easy. 2. Somewhat easy. 3. Moderate. 4. Somewhat hard. 5. Hard 7 very Hard and 10 very, very hard
Measured: 6 weeks
Heart Rate
Changes from the Baseline; Heart Rate (beats per minute)
Measured: 6 weeks
Oxygen Saturation (SPO2)
Changes from the Baseline; Saturation in Percentage
Measured: 6 weeks
Blood Pressure
Changes from the Baseline; Blood Pressure in (mmHg)
Measured: 6 weeks
Heart Rate Reserve
Changes from the Baseline; Heart Rate Reserve beat per minute
Measured: 6 weeks
Respiratory Rate
Changes from the Baseline; Respiratory Rate breath per minute
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Feb 2019
- Study start20 Feb 2018
- Primary completion20 Jun 2018
- Study completion5 Jul 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Coronary Artery DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 74 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Sumaiyah Obaid Baig, MSNMPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03857282
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RiphahIU Maria Razzaq
- Status last verified
- Aug 2019
- First submitted
- 8 Feb 2019
- Last updated
- 8 Aug 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Smith SC Jr, Collins A, Ferrari R, Holmes DR Jr, Logstrup S, McGhie DV, Ralston J, Sacco RL, Stam H, Taubert K, Wood DA, Zoghbi WA. Our time: a call to save preventable death from cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke). Circulation. 2012 Dec 4;126(23):2769-75. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318267e99f. Epub 2012 Sep 17. No abstract available.
PubMed 22988010Bergheanu SC, Bodde MC, Jukema JW. Pathophysiology and treatment of atherosclerosis : Current view and future perspective on lipoprotein modification treatment. Neth Heart J. 2017 Apr;25(4):231-242. doi: 10.1007/s12471-017-0959-2.
PubMed 28194698Stary HC, Chandler AB, Glagov S, Guyton JR, Insull W Jr, Rosenfeld ME, Schaffer SA, Schwartz CJ, Wagner WD, Wissler RW. A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation. 1994 May;89(5):2462-78. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.89.5.2462.
PubMed 8181179Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Nov 9;56(44):1157-61.
PubMed 17989644Edwards DG, Schofield RS, Lennon SL, Pierce GL, Nichols WW, Braith RW. Effect of exercise training on endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Mar 1;93(5):617-20. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.032.
PubMed 14996592Gielen S, Hambrecht R. Effects of exercise training on vascular function and myocardial perfusion. Cardiol Clin. 2001 Aug;19(3):357-68. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70222-8.
PubMed 11570110Villella M, Villella A. Exercise and cardiovascular diseases. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2014;39(2-3):147-53. doi: 10.1159/000355790. Epub 2014 Jul 29.
PubMed 25117881Pattyn N, Beckers PJ, Cornelissen VA, Coeckelberghs E, De Maeyer C, Frederix G, Goetschalckx K, Possemiers N, Schepers D, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Wuyts K, Conraads VM, Vanhees L. The effect of aerobic interval training and continuous training on exercise capacity and its determinants. Acta Cardiol. 2017 Jun;72(3):328-340. doi: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1304712. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
PubMed 28636505Macko RF, Ivey FM, Forrester LW, Hanley D, Sorkin JD, Katzel LI, Silver KH, Goldberg AP. Treadmill exercise rehabilitation improves ambulatory function and cardiovascular fitness in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke. 2005 Oct;36(10):2206-11. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000181076.91805.89. Epub 2005 Sep 8.
PubMed 16151035Hollings M, Mavros Y, Freeston J, Fiatarone Singh M. The effect of progressive resistance training on aerobic fitness and strength in adults with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017 Aug;24(12):1242-1259. doi: 10.1177/2047487317713329. Epub 2017 Jun 5.
PubMed 28578612
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Aug 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Tai Chi Exercises on Physical Activity and Pulmonary Function In Patients With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03857282
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RiphahIU Maria Razzaq
- Conditions
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Keywords
- Bicycling, Coronary Artery Disease, Pulmonary Function, Tai Chi
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 74 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Jun 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Jul 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Feb 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To improve the cardiopulmonary endurance in Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Internationally in cardiac hospital facility of cardiac rehabilitation is available to improve the patient's physical activity and decrease the list of secondary complications. But in Pakistan ideal phase II cardiac rehabilitation is limited available in limited hospitals due to cost issues and limited resources for monitoring during exercise. A Randomized control trail Study was conducted in Armed force institute of cardiology (AFIC) Rawalpindi. The Total sample size was 74 post (CABG). The aim of study was to influence of Tai chai on coronary artery bypass surgery patients.
Detailed description
Coronary blood vessel disease is a disease of vessels supplying the muscles of the heart. Heart attack is generally acute condition and mainly produced by an obstruction, that stop the blood supply to the heart. Coronary artery diseases can be progressive or non-progressive. Physical activity or exercise is necessary for all the healthy individuals to prevent the risk of diseases and maintained health status. Physical exercise often varies from physical activity by animation more measured in relations of intensity and period, while physical activity studies tend to integrate an enormous diversity of unspecified activities. Physical activity or exercise is used as conservative treatment of coronary artery diseases as a cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiac rehabilitation gives positive effect on patient's conditions by the exercise training program. Exercise may improve the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and repetitive capacity or capability to maintain physical activity for long periods of time. Exercise have multiple benefits on improving endothelial function, myocardial stream replacement decreasing smoking, body mass, plasma fats and blood pressure. Guided work out or exercise may decrease the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Different types of Aerobic exercises are the part of cardiac rehabilitation, start at very early in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. Aerobic exercises may improve the maintenance of functional capacity and muscular strength but it shows no impact on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. Aerobic exercises are perform in different ways some of them are in the form of intervals and some are continues. Studies shows that Four weeks of intense training increased VO2 peak significantly after both aerobic interval training and moderate continues training, but After 6 months only aerobic interval training gives high peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). It shows that both training have similarly effects in the tiny tenure and in extensive tenure only effect aerobic interval training.
The most common aerobic exercises are perform at Treadmill and bicycle in cardiac rehabilitation program. Studies shows that Treadmill aerobic working out progresses both functional mobility and circulatory appropriateness in patients with chronic (CABG) and is more operational than reference rehabilitation reciprocated to conventional care. Now a day Tai chi is used in all over the world for health and defense or protection. Tai chi is a fighting art it is used in defense and health related fitness it is appropriate conditioning exercise for elder people. In health related benefits Yang Tai chi are most commonly practiced worldwide. Tai chi exercises are also practiced in rehabilitation department to gain the balance, coordination, endurance and physical activity in patients with stroke and coronary artery bypass grafting most commonly.
Consistent aerobic workout and lifestyle modification are imperative for preventing and treating high blood pressure. For individuals with hypertension
,The American College of Sports Medicine recommends the following exercise guidelines like frequency: aerobic exercise most preferably all days of a week; resistance exercise 2-3 days per week. Intensity of exercise must be moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise. Time of exercise must be 30-60 minutes for every day of aerobic implementation while resistance working out at least one set of 8-12 reiterations for each of the main muscle groups. Studies shows that Tai Chi gives positive effects on blood pressure. Tai Chi training may reduce the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with HTN. Tai chi also reduce the systolic as well as diastolic in normal healthy individuals.
Young DR, conducted a study with the title of "The properties of aerobic workout and Tai Chi on blood pressure in older individuals" and they concluded that the programs of low and modest concentration workout have the same effects on blood pressure in elderly patients.
Stroke is a common root of expiry in ageing population it is due to atherosclerosis are hemorrhagic in the minor or intermediate vessels of the brain. In such kind of patient significant reduction in quality of life, neurological discrepancies and deficiency of intellectual function.It reported that stroke patients increasing peak oxygen acceptance and walking distance by workout. Cerebrovascular accident patients frequently have compromised equilibrium and motor function, thus Tai Chi training program can be used in rehabilitation of stroke. A study in elderly subjects on Tai chi, balancing exercise and workout instruction groups. After four months of physical activity the follow up evaluation illustrate that only Tai Chi subjects informed that their daily activities and their whole life had been exaggerated. The result demonstrates that in women emotional as well as physical control is supposed to be improved in sense of enhancement in overall well-being and inspiration to continue physical training also rises.
Effectiveness of Tai Chi, brisk hiking, meditation and reading in reducing psychological and emotional stress in 1992 and calculated that Tai Chi activities are used to decrease mental stress or disorder it is advantageous to quit smoking, drinking and other life threatening obsessions also. For the reason that Tai Chi is also used as to enlarge psychological well being and mental sickness.
Another study concluded that Tai Chi trainings are an aerobic movements it is very supportive for different age and gender, it also increase functional capability of the participants.
There was a research gap in previous study Tai chi training was done after phase II cardiac rehabilitation and duration of training was 6 months to 1 year. In current study we analyze Effect of Tai chi exercise on physical activity, pulmonary function and the rate of perceived exertion after exercise in patients with cardiovascular bypass surgeries in phase II cardiac rehabilitation.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercises | Active comparator | Other: Aerobic ExercisesBicycling Exercise (lower Limb) |
| Tai Chi Exercises | Experimental | Other: Tai Chi ExercisesTai Chi Exercises (yang 24 Postures) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- post-operative CABG patients,
- Ejection fraction >40% were included
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- 2,3,4 scale of angina,
- unstable congestive heart failure,
- Substantial myocardial ischemia,
- Cardiac arrhythmias,
- Reopen chest after surgery,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercises5 to 10 min warm up exercises than 30min bicycle exercise and 5 to 10 min cool down exercises | Other | Aerobic Exercises |
| Tai Chi Exercises5 to 10 min warm up exercises and 30 min Tai Chi exercises and than than 5 to 10 min cool down exercises. | Other | Tai Chi Exercises |
Primary outcome
forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Changes from the Baseline, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in liters will be measured through Digital spirometer
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Changes from the Baseline, forced vital capacity (FVC) in liters will be measured through Digital spirometer
Peak expiratory flow (PEF).
Time frame: 6 weeks
Changes from the Baseline, Peak expiratory flow (PEF) in Liters/seconds will be measured through Digital spirometer
International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Changes from Baseline, (IPAQ) It is recommended that activity bouts of greater than 3 hours are truncated. That is to say that a bout cannot be longer than 3 hours (180 minutes). This means that in each category a maximum of 21 hours of activity are permitted a week (3 hours X 7 days) To calculate metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes a week multiply the MET value given (remember walking = 3.3, moderate activity = 4, vigorous activity = 8) by the minutes the activity was carried out and again by the number of days that that activity was undertaken. For example if someone reports walking for 30 minutes 5 days a week then the total MET minutes for that activity are 3.3 X 30 X 5=495 Met minutes a week. You can add the MET minutes achieved in each category (walking, moderate activity and vigorous activity) to get total MET minutes of physical activity a week.
6 secondary outcomes
Modified Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale
Time frame: 6 weeks
Heart Rate
Time frame: 6 weeks
Oxygen Saturation (SPO2)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Blood Pressure
Time frame: 6 weeks
Heart Rate Reserve
Time frame: 6 weeks
Respiratory Rate
Time frame: 6 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Aug 2019.
- Background: PubMed 22988010Smith SC Jr, Collins A, Ferrari R, Holmes DR Jr, Logstrup S, McGhie DV, Ralston J, Sacco RL, Stam H, Taubert K, Wood DA, Zoghbi WA. Our time: a call to save preventable death from cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke). Circulation. 2012 Dec 4;126(23):2769-75. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318267e99f. Epub 2012 Sep 17. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 28194698Bergheanu SC, Bodde MC, Jukema JW. Pathophysiology and treatment of atherosclerosis : Current view and future perspective on lipoprotein modification treatment. Neth Heart J. 2017 Apr;25(4):231-242. doi: 10.1007/s12471-017-0959-2.
- Background: PubMed 8181179Stary HC, Chandler AB, Glagov S, Guyton JR, Insull W Jr, Rosenfeld ME, Schaffer SA, Schwartz CJ, Wagner WD, Wissler RW. A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation. 1994 May;89(5):2462-78. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.89.5.2462.
- Background: PubMed 17989644Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Nov 9;56(44):1157-61.
- Background: PubMed 14996592Edwards DG, Schofield RS, Lennon SL, Pierce GL, Nichols WW, Braith RW. Effect of exercise training on endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Mar 1;93(5):617-20. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.032.
- Background: PubMed 11570110Gielen S, Hambrecht R. Effects of exercise training on vascular function and myocardial perfusion. Cardiol Clin. 2001 Aug;19(3):357-68. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70222-8.
- Background: PubMed 25117881Villella M, Villella A. Exercise and cardiovascular diseases. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2014;39(2-3):147-53. doi: 10.1159/000355790. Epub 2014 Jul 29.
- Background: PubMed 28636505Pattyn N, Beckers PJ, Cornelissen VA, Coeckelberghs E, De Maeyer C, Frederix G, Goetschalckx K, Possemiers N, Schepers D, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Wuyts K, Conraads VM, Vanhees L. The effect of aerobic interval training and continuous training on exercise capacity and its determinants. Acta Cardiol. 2017 Jun;72(3):328-340. doi: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1304712. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
- Background: PubMed 16151035Macko RF, Ivey FM, Forrester LW, Hanley D, Sorkin JD, Katzel LI, Silver KH, Goldberg AP. Treadmill exercise rehabilitation improves ambulatory function and cardiovascular fitness in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke. 2005 Oct;36(10):2206-11. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000181076.91805.89. Epub 2005 Sep 8.
- Background: PubMed 28578612Hollings M, Mavros Y, Freeston J, Fiatarone Singh M. The effect of progressive resistance training on aerobic fitness and strength in adults with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017 Aug;24(12):1242-1259. doi: 10.1177/2047487317713329. Epub 2017 Jun 5.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sumaiyah Obaid Baig, MSNMPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Aerobic Exercises and Tai Chi Exercises in people with Coronary Artery Disease, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Aug 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03857282, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Aug 2019.