ObesityNCT03889561
Evaluation of the Impact of Water Access and Promotion in Parks on Beverage Intake
A study testing Drink Tap in people with Obesity, run by Stanford University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major caloric source and the largest source of added sugars in the American diet. While many cities around the country have adopted anti-SSB policies such as soda taxes to reduce SSB intake, there has yet to be any studies to evaluate if the effects of these taxes, coupled with… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity
- What is being tested?
- Drink Tap
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,038 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 15 Apr 2016to 31 Dec 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Park visitors within a defined geographic boundary
Who cannot join
- Park visitors outside a defined geographic boundary
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Drink Tap: A Multi-Sector Effort to Promote Water Access and Intake in San Francisco Parks to Improve Beverage Intake and Promote Health
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major caloric source and the largest source of added sugars in the American diet. While many cities around the country have adopted anti-SSB policies such as soda taxes to reduce SSB intake, there has yet to be any studies to evaluate if the effects of these taxes, coupled with increased water access and promotion effort can lead to decreased sugar sweetened beverage consumption and increased water consumption. This quasi-experimental study evaluates how implementation of SSB taxes, installation of new water stations, and a multicultural water promotion campaign in parks impacts beverage intake in these settings as compared to soda taxes alone.
Read the detailed description
Consumption of water, in place of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), can help prevent obesity and dental carries. While drinking water is associated with these and many other positive health outcomes, many do not meet the recommended dietary intake of water. This is more profound in low income and minority communities that are more likely to drink less water and drink more SSBs. School-based water promotion interventions have shown that improved access to clean drinking water coupled with promotion leads to increases in water consumption and improved health outcomes. No studies have studied the impact of similar strategies on beverage intake and health in parks and public spaces. Parks are an inconspicuous and widely utilized public space, with the majority of Americans going to a park in the last month. This study's central hypothesis is that visitors in parks with SSB taxes coupled with increased access to appealing drinking water and rigorous promotion of its consumption will be more likely to drink water and less likely to drink SSBs, compared to visitors in parks with only SSB taxes. This quasi-experimental study makes use of naturally-occurring policy changes in the San Francisco (SF) Bay Area to disentangle the impacts of anti- SSB policies, water station installation, and multicultural water promotion efforts, using control groups to isolate the effects of anti-SSB policies alone or no intervention. This study will analyze beverage consumption in 10 SF parks that received new water stations and a multicultural water promotion campaign compared to 20 matched control parks (10 parks SF and 10 parks in Oakland) with only SSB taxes.
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Being tested
- Drink Tap
- Keywords
- Water, Parks, Public spaces, Sugar-sweetened beverages
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Drink TapBehavioural
The Drink Tap intervention consists of increased access to safe and appealing drinking water, multicultural water promotion, and soda taxes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Improved Water Access, Promotion, and SSB taxes | Experimental | Intervention parks will receive installation of water stations, multicultural water promotion campaign, and SSB taxes Receives: Behavioral: Drink Tap |
| Control | No intervention | SSB taxes |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in beverage consumption
Changes in beverage consumption will be measured through site observations to tally the proportion of visitors drinking water and SSBs in parks.
Measured: Visitors in each park will be observed during four one-hour intervals for a maximum of four hours if they visit the park for that duration of time.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Mar 2019
- Study start15 Apr 2016
- Primary completion31 Dec 2019
- Study completion31 Dec 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for ObesityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Stanford UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,038 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Stanford University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, San Francisco
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Anisha I Patel, Stanford University
- Investigators
- Anisha Patel, MD,MSPH, Principal investigator, Stanford University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03889561
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 43173
- Status last verified
- Apr 2023
- First submitted
- 22 Mar 2019
- Last updated
- 27 Apr 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Apr 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Drink Tap: A Multi-Sector Effort to Promote Water Access and Intake in San Francisco Parks to Improve Beverage Intake and Promote Health
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03889561
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 43173
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Keywords
- Water, Parks, Public spaces, Sugar-sweetened beverages
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,038 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Stanford UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, San Francisco
- Study start
- 15 Apr 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Mar 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major caloric source and the largest source of added sugars in the American diet. While many cities around the country have adopted anti-SSB policies such as soda taxes to reduce SSB intake, there has yet to be any studies to evaluate if the effects of these taxes, coupled with increased water access and promotion effort can lead to decreased sugar sweetened beverage consumption and increased water consumption. This quasi-experimental study evaluates how implementation of SSB taxes, installation of new water stations, and a multicultural water promotion campaign in parks impacts beverage intake in these settings as compared to soda taxes alone.
Detailed description
Consumption of water, in place of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), can help prevent obesity and dental carries. While drinking water is associated with these and many other positive health outcomes, many do not meet the recommended dietary intake of water. This is more profound in low income and minority communities that are more likely to drink less water and drink more SSBs. School-based water promotion interventions have shown that improved access to clean drinking water coupled with promotion leads to increases in water consumption and improved health outcomes. No studies have studied the impact of similar strategies on beverage intake and health in parks and public spaces. Parks are an inconspicuous and widely utilized public space, with the majority of Americans going to a park in the last month. This study's central hypothesis is that visitors in parks with SSB taxes coupled with increased access to appealing drinking water and rigorous promotion of its consumption will be more likely to drink water and less likely to drink SSBs, compared to visitors in parks with only SSB taxes. This quasi-experimental study makes use of naturally-occurring policy changes in the San Francisco (SF) Bay Area to disentangle the impacts of anti- SSB policies, water station installation, and multicultural water promotion efforts, using control groups to isolate the effects of anti-SSB policies alone or no intervention. This study will analyze beverage consumption in 10 SF parks that received new water stations and a multicultural water promotion campaign compared to 20 matched control parks (10 parks SF and 10 parks in Oakland) with only SSB taxes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Improved Water Access, Promotion, and SSB taxes | Experimental | Behavioral: Drink TapIntervention parks will receive installation of water stations, multicultural water promotion campaign, and SSB taxes |
| Control | No intervention | –SSB taxes |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Park visitors within a defined geographic boundary
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Park visitors outside a defined geographic boundary
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Drink TapThe Drink Tap intervention consists of increased access to safe and appealing drinking water, multicultural water promotion, and soda taxes. | Behavioural | Improved Water Access, Promotion, and SSB taxes |
Primary outcome
Change in beverage consumption
Time frame: Visitors in each park will be observed during four one-hour intervals for a maximum of four hours if they visit the park for that duration of time.
Changes in beverage consumption will be measured through site observations to tally the proportion of visitors drinking water and SSBs in parks.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Apr 2023.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Anisha Patel, MD,MSPH principal investigator
Stanford University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Drink Tap in people with Obesity, run by Stanford University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Apr 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in beverage consumption (time frame: Visitors in each park will be observed during four one-hour intervals for a maximum of four hours if they visit the park for that duration of time.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Apr 2023.