Type 1 Diabetes MellitusPhase 2/3NCT03911843
Omega-3 and Vitamin D Supplements in Childhood T1D
A Phase 2/3 study testing omega-3 supplementation and Vitamin D supplementation in people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, run by Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carita.
Trial summary
The study was conducted in 64 patients with T1D of which 26 had the onset in 2017, and 38 in 2016, 2015 and 2014. All received vitamin D 1000 IU /day since disease's onset. Moreover in the 2017 group omega-3 were supplemented, starting within 3 and 6 months from the disease's outbreak, and those were considered cases… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 year to 18 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- What is being tested?
- omega-3 supplementation and Vitamin D supplementation
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2017to 31 Dec 2018
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 year to 18 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- All T1D patients aged 1-18 years whose disease onset had been in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 affering to the Pediatric Diabetology of AOU Novara (Italy)
- written consents of parents
- without assumption of omega 3 supplementation before 2017
Who cannot join
- renal cysts
- sarcoidosis
- histoplasmosis
- hyperparathyroidis
- lymphoma
- tuberculosis
- Patients treated with drugs that could affect immunity or glucose metabolism, including corticosteroids, ciclosporin and tacrolimus
About this study
Official title: Omega 3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Enriched Mediterranean Diet and Vitamin D Supplementation in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: One Year Case-cohort Study
The study was conducted in 64 patients with T1D of which 26 had the onset in 2017, and 38 in 2016, 2015 and 2014. All received vitamin D 1000 IU /day since disease's onset. Moreover in the 2017 group omega-3 were supplemented, starting within 3 and 6 months from the disease's outbreak, and those were considered cases; the other 38 were enrolled as controls. Four cases and one control dropped out. Finally in 59/64 were compared data of glycosylated hemoglobin percentage (HbA1c%), average insulin daily requirement (IU/Kg/day), and IDAA1c [Insulin Daily dose Adjusted for HbA1c, a surrogate index of residual endogen insulin secretion, calculated as insulin daily dose (IU/Kg/24 h) x 4 + HbA1c%] at recruitment (T0), and 3 (T3), 6 (T6), 12 (T12) months after. T0 in cases was at the start of supplementation of omega-3, and consequently 3, 6 and 12 months after; in controls were found data in clinical records of outpatient beginning from the 3rd month and 3-6-12 months thereafter. Then 22 cases and 37 controls were compared.
Read the detailed description
Was assessed the comparability of cases and controls at baseline for gender, age, body weight, HbA1c% and device for insulin therapy.
The preparation of omega-3 administered was a highly purified fish oil to avoid pollutants, containing a mixture of omega-3 long chain fatty acids standardized for contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a 2: 1 ratio, in capsules or in liquid form. The liquid preparation was used in the case of difficulties in swallowing capsules or concomitant celiac disease because it was certified as gluten-free (Ener Zone Omega 3 RX® Equipe Enervit). The preparations contained antioxidants to preserve omega-3 LCFA, tocopherol (1 mg in 1 g of omega-3 LCFA), palmitate, and rosemary extract. EPA and DHA were administered at 50-60 mg/kg/day for 12 months. The investigation of Arachidonic Acid (AA)/EPA ratios was performed in cases on recruitment (T0), and repeated after 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 months (T12).
Cholecalciferol supplementation was fixed at 1000 IU/day (25 mcg/day), both in cases and controls. Vitamin D level was determined as 25(OH)D level at the clinical onset of T1D, at T0, T3, T6, and T12 in cases, and at clinical onset of controls.
- Conditions
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Being tested
- omega-3 supplementation, Vitamin D supplementation
- Keywords
- omega3, T1D remission period, honeymoon period, AA/EPA ratio
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
omega-3 supplementationDrug
Also called Ener Zone Omega 3 RX® Equipe Enervit
Supplementation with Ω-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at a dose of 50-60 mg/kg/day for 12 months, currently underway or completed after 12 months of omega-3 administration, in 22/64 T1D children
Vitamin D supplementationDrug
Cholecalciferol 1000 IU/die
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| CASES | Experimental | Of eligible subjects, 26/64 started an intervention program with Ω-3 (CASES). The intervention consisted in supplementation with highly purified Ω-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at a dose of 50-60 mg/kg/day for 12 months Receives: Drug: omega-3 supplementation; Drug: Vitamin D supplementation |
| CONTROLS | Active comparator | Others 38/64 subjects joined to the study as data contributors, and were entered as controls (CONTR). Receives: Drug: Vitamin D supplementation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Daily Insulin Need (IU/Kg/Day) and Daily Insulin Pre-meal Demand (Pre-meal IU/Kg/Day) at 12 Months
The Daily Insulin Needs (IU/Kg/day), and the Daily Insulin Pre-meal Demand (Pre-meal IU/Kg/day) respectively represent the average total (sum of boluses and basal) and average pre-meal (sum of pre-meal boluses) insulin doses administered in one day to each patient.
They have been calculated over a week, and were expressed in International Units / Kg of weight, higher values mean a worse outcome.
Measured: 12 months
HbA1c Percentage
percentage of glycated hemoglobin measured through the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Measured: 12 months
Number of Participants With Insulin Demand Adjusted for HbA1c %(IDAA1c) <9
The IDAA1c (insulin daily dose adjusted for glycosylated hemoglobin percentage) was calculated as HbA1c percentage + average daily insulin dose (IU/kg/24 h) x 4. A score <9 meet definition of partial remission and Residual Endogenic Insulin Secretion (REIS). IDAA1c represents a surrogate index of insulin secretion and of metabolic control. In a scale from 5 to 12, higher score mean a worse outcome (e.g. <5.5 is expected in a normal individual, <9 in an individual in partial remission. See reference).
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Apr 2019
- Study start1 Jan 2017
- Primary completion31 Dec 2018
- Study completion31 Dec 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Type 1 Diabetes MellitusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- A cohort study was performed in 2017, in all T1D patients 1-18 years old with onset in the years 2014-2017. Supplementation with omega3 was proposed to all subjects with onset in 2017. Patients with onset in 2014-2015-2016 were enrolled only as control subjects. The work was performed on retrospectively collected data in medical records for patients with start of the disease in 2014-2016. Patients enrolled since 2017 have been studied prospectively.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carita
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Eastern Piedmont
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Francesco Cadario, MD, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carita
- Investigators
- Francesco Cadario, MD, Principal investigator, Pediatric Clinic of AOU Novara
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03911843
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AOU Novara
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 18 Mar 2019
- Last updated
- 19 Apr 2021
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: all IPD that underlie results in the publication will be shared
Publications
Cadario F, Savastio S, Ricotti R, Rizzo AM, Carrera D, Maiuri L, Ricordi C. Administration of vitamin D and high dose of omega 3 to sustain remission of type 1 diabetes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Jan;22(2):512-515. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201801_14203.
PubMed 29424911Baidal DA, Ricordi C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sonnino A, Fabbri A. Combination high-dose omega-3 fatty acids and high-dose cholecalciferol in new onset type 1 diabetes: a potential role in preservation of beta-cell mass. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jul;20(15):3313-8.
PubMed 27467009
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Apr 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Omega 3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Enriched Mediterranean Diet and Vitamin D Supplementation in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: One Year Case-cohort Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03911843
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AOU Novara
- Conditions
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Keywords
- omega3, T1D remission period, honeymoon period, AA/EPA ratio
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della CaritaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Eastern Piedmont
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 23 Mar 2021
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study was conducted in 64 patients with T1D of which 26 had the onset in 2017, and 38 in 2016, 2015 and 2014. All received vitamin D 1000 IU /day since disease's onset. Moreover in the 2017 group omega-3 were supplemented, starting within 3 and 6 months from the disease's outbreak, and those were considered cases; the other 38 were enrolled as controls. Four cases and one control dropped out. Finally in 59/64 were compared data of glycosylated hemoglobin percentage (HbA1c%), average insulin daily requirement (IU/Kg/day), and IDAA1c [Insulin Daily dose Adjusted for HbA1c, a surrogate index of residual endogen insulin secretion, calculated as insulin daily dose (IU/Kg/24 h) x 4 + HbA1c%] at recruitment (T0), and 3 (T3), 6 (T6), 12 (T12) months after. T0 in cases was at the start of supplementation of omega-3, and consequently 3, 6 and 12 months after; in controls were found data in clinical records of outpatient beginning from the 3rd month and 3-6-12 months thereafter. Then 22 cases and 37 controls were compared.
Detailed description
Was assessed the comparability of cases and controls at baseline for gender, age, body weight, HbA1c% and device for insulin therapy.
The preparation of omega-3 administered was a highly purified fish oil to avoid pollutants, containing a mixture of omega-3 long chain fatty acids standardized for contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a 2: 1 ratio, in capsules or in liquid form. The liquid preparation was used in the case of difficulties in swallowing capsules or concomitant celiac disease because it was certified as gluten-free (Ener Zone Omega 3 RX® Equipe Enervit). The preparations contained antioxidants to preserve omega-3 LCFA, tocopherol (1 mg in 1 g of omega-3 LCFA), palmitate, and rosemary extract. EPA and DHA were administered at 50-60 mg/kg/day for 12 months. The investigation of Arachidonic Acid (AA)/EPA ratios was performed in cases on recruitment (T0), and repeated after 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 months (T12).
Cholecalciferol supplementation was fixed at 1000 IU/day (25 mcg/day), both in cases and controls. Vitamin D level was determined as 25(OH)D level at the clinical onset of T1D, at T0, T3, T6, and T12 in cases, and at clinical onset of controls.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- A cohort study was performed in 2017, in all T1D patients 1-18 years old with onset in the years 2014-2017. Supplementation with omega3 was proposed to all subjects with onset in 2017. Patients with onset in 2014-2015-2016 were enrolled only as control subjects. The work was performed on retrospectively collected data in medical records for patients with start of the disease in 2014-2016. Patients enrolled since 2017 have been studied prospectively.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| CASES | Experimental | Drug: omega-3 supplementation, Drug: Vitamin D supplementationOf eligible subjects, 26/64 started an intervention program with Ω-3 (CASES). The intervention consisted in supplementation with highly purified Ω-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at a dose of 50-60 mg/kg/day for 12 months |
| CONTROLS | Active comparator | Drug: Vitamin D supplementationOthers 38/64 subjects joined to the study as data contributors, and were entered as controls (CONTR). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 year to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- All T1D patients aged 1-18 years whose disease onset had been in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 affering to the Pediatric Diabetology of AOU Novara (Italy)
- written consents of parents
- without assumption of omega 3 supplementation before 2017
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- renal cysts
- sarcoidosis
- histoplasmosis
- hyperparathyroidis
- lymphoma
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| omega-3 supplementationAlso: Ener Zone Omega 3 RX® Equipe EnervitSupplementation with Ω-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at a dose of 50-60 mg/kg/day for 12 months, currently underway or completed after 12 months of omega-3 administration, in 22/64 T1D children | Drug | CASES |
| Vitamin D supplementationCholecalciferol 1000 IU/die | Drug | CASES, CONTROLS |
Primary outcome
Daily Insulin Need (IU/Kg/Day) and Daily Insulin Pre-meal Demand (Pre-meal IU/Kg/Day) at 12 Months
Time frame: 12 months
The Daily Insulin Needs (IU/Kg/day), and the Daily Insulin Pre-meal Demand (Pre-meal IU/Kg/day) respectively represent the average total (sum of boluses and basal) and average pre-meal (sum of pre-meal boluses) insulin doses administered in one day to each patient. They have been calculated over a week, and were expressed in International Units / Kg of weight, higher values mean a worse outcome.
HbA1c Percentage
Time frame: 12 months
percentage of glycated hemoglobin measured through the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Number of Participants With Insulin Demand Adjusted for HbA1c %(IDAA1c) <9
Time frame: 12 months
The IDAA1c (insulin daily dose adjusted for glycosylated hemoglobin percentage) was calculated as HbA1c percentage + average daily insulin dose (IU/kg/24 h) x 4. A score <9 meet definition of partial remission and Residual Endogenic Insulin Secretion (REIS). IDAA1c represents a surrogate index of insulin secretion and of metabolic control. In a scale from 5 to 12, higher score mean a worse outcome (e.g. <5.5 is expected in a normal individual, <9 in an individual in partial remission. See reference).
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Apr 2021.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 29424911Cadario F, Savastio S, Ricotti R, Rizzo AM, Carrera D, Maiuri L, Ricordi C. Administration of vitamin D and high dose of omega 3 to sustain remission of type 1 diabetes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Jan;22(2):512-515. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201801_14203.
- Background: PubMed 27467009Baidal DA, Ricordi C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sonnino A, Fabbri A. Combination high-dose omega-3 fatty acids and high-dose cholecalciferol in new onset type 1 diabetes: a potential role in preservation of beta-cell mass. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jul;20(15):3313-8.
- Pilot Study of OMEGA-3 and Vitamin D in High-Dose in Type I Diabetic Patients (POSEIDON)Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. all IPD that underlie results in the publication will be shared
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Francesco Cadario, MD principal investigator
Pediatric Clinic of AOU Novara
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2/3 study testing omega-3 supplementation and Vitamin D supplementation in people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, run by Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carita.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Apr 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 23 Mar 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Daily Insulin Need (IU/Kg/Day) and Daily Insulin Pre-meal Demand (Pre-meal IU/Kg/Day) at 12 Months (time frame: 12 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03911843, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Apr 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.