HealthyBUCKFOODNCT03923205
Assessing the Effects of a Buckwheat Beverage on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism on Healthy and T2D Individuals
A study testing Dietary Intervention in people with Healthy and Type2 Diabetes, run by University of Aberdeen at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
Buckwheat is a unique crop because is naturally rich in compounds that have shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. A constant high glucose level in blood after meal consumption is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications and death. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy, Type2 Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Dietary Intervention
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 7 Mar 2019to 31 Mar 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy and T2D (controlled by diet and lifestyle or metformin) volunteers; Age 18+; males and females.
Who cannot join
- For the healthy group:
- taking prescribed medication
- HbA1c above 48mmol/mol (or 6.5%)
- pregnant or breastfeeding
- blood donation in the last three months
- unable to give written informed consent
Show all 19Show fewer
- eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, binge eating or night eating syndrome.
- significant health issue
- taking vitamin or mineral supplements (unless they agree to discontinue supplementation 2 weeks or more before the start of the study)
- Food allergies/intolerances
- For the T2D groups:
- T2D controlled by medication other than metformin
- pregnant or breastfeeding
- blood donation in the last three months
- unable to give written informed consent
- eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, binge eating or night eating syndrome.
- any other significant health issue other than T2D
- taking vitamin or mineral supplements (unless they agree to discontinue supplementation 2 weeks before the start of the study)
- food allergies/intolerances
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen, AB 25 2ZD
About this study
Buckwheat is a unique crop because is naturally rich in compounds that have shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism.
A constant high glucose level in blood after meal consumption is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications and death. In order to prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and/or its complications it is important to have a strict control of the blood glucose levels after a meal. There are known therapies for the control of the high glucose blood levels such as agents that act on intestinal digestion of carbohydrates and therapeutic agents that mimic the insulin response after a meal. The combination of these type of agents was commonly prescribed in the treatment of T2D.
The aim of the study is to assess the effect of a buckwheat beverage on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy individuals and those with T2D controlled by medication and diet.
Read the detailed description
The ability of the buckwheat beverage to modulate postprandial sugar metabolism will be tested in a dietary study in healthy volunteers and people with T2D. Three groups will be recruited; healthy volunteers, individuals with T2D controlled by medication and individuals with T2D controlled by diet and lifestyle only.
For the human volunteers who have T2D controlled by medication, there will be targeted those who have been prescribed metformin only.
The volunteers will visit the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) three times (a screening visit and two study visits) during the course of the study.
A minimum of two weeks between the study visits will be allowed.
Screening visit:
Once the consent form has been signed, the volunteers taking part in the study will answer a specific health questionnaire and have their blood sugar level measured. The HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) will be measured using the AS-100 (finger spot blood). We will follow the NHS guideline to establish the values for HbA1c. A normal HbA1c target is below 48 mmol/mol (or 6.5%).
In addition, for the volunteers with T2D, a consultant from the study research team will access the medical records to ensure their eligibility for the study. Permission will be obtained from the volunteers for this via the study consent form.
Dietary study test meal and control meal:
The test meal The buckwheat beverage is prepared from sprouted buckwheat flour without adding any extra sugar, spices or aromas. The test meal contains 100 g of the buckwheat beverage and 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL water followed by 100 mL water.
The control meal The control meal will be a standard OGT test containing 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL of water followed by 100 mL water.
Both meals will be advised to be consumed within 5 minutes. The T2D volunteers which are on metformin will be advised to take their medication as usual. We will record the dose and time when the metformin will be taken by the volunteers.
Dietary study visits:
Following recruitment, screening and consent, the three groups of volunteers will start the study by random allocation to one of the test meals. On the study day, the volunteers will be advised to come to the HNU in the morning after an overnight fasting (10 h). A cannula will be inserted into the volunteers' arm and baseline blood will be collected. The cannulation and blood sampling will be performed by trained phlebotomists. Additionally a baseline urine sample will be collected. The urine sample either will be brought in by the volunteers in the morning or produced in HNU before the test meals. The volunteers will be served the control and test meal (depending on allocation) and advised that it is to be consumed within five minutes. Volunteers which are on metformin will be asked to take their medication as usual.
For each study visit, blood will be collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180 and 300 min. The blood will be collected in 4 mL lithium heparin tubes and 4 mL glucose (fluoride oxalate) tubes at each time point. A volume of 96 mL of blood will be collected at each study visit. Additionally a volume of 5 μL blood will be collected for each time point in order to instantly measure the glucose levels. At least two samples will be collected at t=0 in order to obtain a good baseline value.
The movements of the volunteers will be restricted to minimum for the entire blood collection period. They will be asked to stay resting and comfortable position and relaxed for the entire (300 min) sampling period and to not leave the HNU.
After five hours, once all the blood samples have been collected the cannula will be extracted from the volunteer's arm and lunch will be provided.
- Conditions
- Healthy, Type2 Diabetes
- Being tested
- Dietary Intervention
- Keywords
- buckwheat, postprandial glycemia, Type 2 diabetes
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Dietary InterventionOther
The effect of a buckwheat beverage on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy individuals and those with T2D controlled by medication and diet will be studied.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control meal | Active comparator | The control meal will be a standard OGT test containing 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL of water followed by 100 mL water. Receives: Other: Dietary Intervention |
| The test meal | Active comparator | The test meal contains 100 g of the buckwheat beverage and 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL water followed by 100 mL water. Receives: Other: Dietary Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
post prandial blood glucose (recording cmax)
Postprandial blood glucose levels after acute consumption of a buckwheat beverage, recording the maximum blood glucose concentration (c max) over the baseline after the consumption of a buckwheat beverage.
Measured: five hours
AUC for postprandial glucose
Area under the curve described by the postprandial glucose level during five hours time
Measured: five hours
Secondary outcomes (4)
post prandial blood insulin in blood ( including AUC)
Post prandial blood insulin levels after acute consumption of a buckwheat beverage. AUC (area under curve) for insulin for five hour interval.
Measured: five hours
Buckwheat beverage key bioactives bioavailability and metabolism.
Plasma concentration of key bioactives (inositols and fagomines)
Measured: five hours
Urine ratio of myo and D-chiro inositol
Urine ratio of myo and D-chiro inositol after the consumption of a buckwheat beverage.
Measured: 0, 3 and 5 hours
Urine glucose concentration
Glucose concentration in urine after the consumption of a buckwheat beverage.
Measured: 0, 3 and 5 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Apr 2019
- Study start7 Mar 2019
- Primary completion31 Mar 2022
- Study completion31 Mar 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Three groups ; healthy volunteers, individuals with T2D controlled by medication and individuals with T2D controlled by diet and lifestyle only. All groups follow same interventions assigned randomly.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Aberdeen
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- NHS Grampian
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03923205
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2-088-18
- Acronym
- BUCKFOOD
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Apr 2019
- Last updated
- 31 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Assessing the Effects of a Buckwheat Beverage on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism on Healthy and T2D Individuals
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03923205
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BUCKFOOD / 2-088-18
- Conditions
- Healthy, Type2 Diabetes
- Keywords
- buckwheat, postprandial glycemia, Type 2 diabetes
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of AberdeenUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- NHS Grampian
- Study start
- 7 Mar 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Buckwheat is a unique crop because is naturally rich in compounds that have shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism.
A constant high glucose level in blood after meal consumption is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications and death. In order to prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and/or its complications it is important to have a strict control of the blood glucose levels after a meal. There are known therapies for the control of the high glucose blood levels such as agents that act on intestinal digestion of carbohydrates and therapeutic agents that mimic the insulin response after a meal. The combination of these type of agents was commonly prescribed in the treatment of T2D.
The aim of the study is to assess the effect of a buckwheat beverage on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy individuals and those with T2D controlled by medication and diet.
Detailed description
The ability of the buckwheat beverage to modulate postprandial sugar metabolism will be tested in a dietary study in healthy volunteers and people with T2D. Three groups will be recruited; healthy volunteers, individuals with T2D controlled by medication and individuals with T2D controlled by diet and lifestyle only.
For the human volunteers who have T2D controlled by medication, there will be targeted those who have been prescribed metformin only.
The volunteers will visit the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) three times (a screening visit and two study visits) during the course of the study.
A minimum of two weeks between the study visits will be allowed.
Screening visit:
Once the consent form has been signed, the volunteers taking part in the study will answer a specific health questionnaire and have their blood sugar level measured. The HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) will be measured using the AS-100 (finger spot blood). We will follow the NHS guideline to establish the values for HbA1c. A normal HbA1c target is below 48 mmol/mol (or 6.5%).
In addition, for the volunteers with T2D, a consultant from the study research team will access the medical records to ensure their eligibility for the study. Permission will be obtained from the volunteers for this via the study consent form.
Dietary study test meal and control meal:
The test meal The buckwheat beverage is prepared from sprouted buckwheat flour without adding any extra sugar, spices or aromas. The test meal contains 100 g of the buckwheat beverage and 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL water followed by 100 mL water.
The control meal The control meal will be a standard OGT test containing 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL of water followed by 100 mL water.
Both meals will be advised to be consumed within 5 minutes. The T2D volunteers which are on metformin will be advised to take their medication as usual. We will record the dose and time when the metformin will be taken by the volunteers.
Dietary study visits:
Following recruitment, screening and consent, the three groups of volunteers will start the study by random allocation to one of the test meals. On the study day, the volunteers will be advised to come to the HNU in the morning after an overnight fasting (10 h). A cannula will be inserted into the volunteers' arm and baseline blood will be collected. The cannulation and blood sampling will be performed by trained phlebotomists. Additionally a baseline urine sample will be collected. The urine sample either will be brought in by the volunteers in the morning or produced in HNU before the test meals. The volunteers will be served the control and test meal (depending on allocation) and advised that it is to be consumed within five minutes. Volunteers which are on metformin will be asked to take their medication as usual.
For each study visit, blood will be collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180 and 300 min. The blood will be collected in 4 mL lithium heparin tubes and 4 mL glucose (fluoride oxalate) tubes at each time point. A volume of 96 mL of blood will be collected at each study visit. Additionally a volume of 5 μL blood will be collected for each time point in order to instantly measure the glucose levels. At least two samples will be collected at t=0 in order to obtain a good baseline value.
The movements of the volunteers will be restricted to minimum for the entire blood collection period. They will be asked to stay resting and comfortable position and relaxed for the entire (300 min) sampling period and to not leave the HNU.
After five hours, once all the blood samples have been collected the cannula will be extracted from the volunteer's arm and lunch will be provided.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Three groups ; healthy volunteers, individuals with T2D controlled by medication and individuals with T2D controlled by diet and lifestyle only. All groups follow same interventions assigned randomly.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control meal | Active comparator | Other: Dietary InterventionThe control meal will be a standard OGT test containing 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL of water followed by 100 mL water. |
| The test meal | Active comparator | Other: Dietary InterventionThe test meal contains 100 g of the buckwheat beverage and 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL water followed by 100 mL water. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Healthy and T2D (controlled by diet and lifestyle or metformin) volunteers; Age 18+; males and females.
Key exclusion criteria (19 listed)
- taking prescribed medication
- HbA1c above 48mmol/mol (or 6.5%)
- pregnant or breastfeeding
- blood donation in the last three months
- unable to give written informed consent
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Dietary InterventionThe effect of a buckwheat beverage on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy individuals and those with T2D controlled by medication and diet will be studied. | Other | Control meal, The test meal |
Primary outcome
post prandial blood glucose (recording cmax)
Time frame: five hours
Postprandial blood glucose levels after acute consumption of a buckwheat beverage, recording the maximum blood glucose concentration (c max) over the baseline after the consumption of a buckwheat beverage.
AUC for postprandial glucose
Time frame: five hours
Area under the curve described by the postprandial glucose level during five hours time
4 secondary outcomes
post prandial blood insulin in blood ( including AUC)
Time frame: five hours
Buckwheat beverage key bioactives bioavailability and metabolism.
Time frame: five hours
Urine ratio of myo and D-chiro inositol
Time frame: 0, 3 and 5 hours
Urine glucose concentration
Time frame: 0, 3 and 5 hours
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Dietary Intervention in people with Healthy and Type2 Diabetes, run by University of Aberdeen at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
post prandial blood glucose (recording cmax) (time frame: five hours). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Aug 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.