Mild Cognitive ImpairmentNCT03927586
Evolving Methods of Hybrid Exercise-cognition Approach to Promote Health-related Conditions for the Elderly With MCI
A study testing cognitive training and physical exercise training in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Stroke, run by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
The aim of the study is to determine: (1) the effects of combined physical exercise and cognitive training versus exercise or cognitive training alone on cognition, physical function, daily function, quality of life and social participation outcomes, (2) determine the relative effects of simultaneous vs. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 55 to 90 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Mild Cognitive Impairment, Stroke
- What is being tested?
- cognitive training and physical exercise training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 10 Apr 2018to Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 55 to 90 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- able to follow instruction,
- age 55 to 90 years old,
- clinical dementia rating (CDR) = 0.5 or 1,
- self- or informant-reported memory or cognitive complaints,
- able to perform activities of daily living (Barthel Index ≥ 70).
Who cannot join
- Participants will be excluded if they have recent myocardial infarction, heart failure, recent heart surgery, severe asthma, concomitant with other neurological disorders, or joint deformity that might prevents them performing exercise or cognitive training.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Taiwan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Taoyuan, 333
Ching-yi Wu, ScD, +886-3-2118800 ext. 5761, cywu@mail.cgu.edu.tw
About this study
Official title: Evolving Methods of Hybrid Exercise-cognition Approach to Promote Health-related Conditions for the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment
The aim of the study is to determine: (1) the effects of combined physical exercise and cognitive training versus exercise or cognitive training alone on cognition, physical function, daily function, quality of life and social participation outcomes, (2) determine the relative effects of simultaneous vs. sequential combination of physical exercise and cognitive training on these health-related outcomes, (3) determine the long-term effects of different types of trainings on these outcome measures.
Read the detailed description
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or minor neurocognitive disorder involves problems with memory, executive function and language. The age-adjusted prevalence of MCI in Taiwan is approximately 18%. The progression rate from MCI to dementia ranges from 10 to 15% each year, and over 50% of the MCI population will develop into severe cognitive impairment or dementia in five years. Early detection and intervention of the individuals with MCI may help delay or prevent progress from MCI to dementia, and reduce the burden of their caregivers and the medical expenses of the health-care system. Whilst numerous studies have established the potential benefits of cognitive or physical exercise training on cognition for individuals with MCI, some recent studies suggested that combining physical exercise and cognitive training may augment the intervention effects. Also, different combination methods - combining physical exercise and cognitive training either sequentially or simultaneously under a dual-task paradigm may impose differential cognitive challenges on the participants, and it is yet not clear which combination strategy has better training effects.
- Conditions
- Mild Cognitive Impairment, Stroke
- Being tested
- cognitive training, physical exercise training
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, cognitive training, hybrid therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Cognitive Dysfunction, Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
cognitive trainingOther
We will be using commercialized cognitive-based training programs in order to facilitate several cognitive functions. We will be targeting attention, recognition, color and shape identification, calculation, visual perception, visuospatial processing and executive function. Participants will perform tasks designed to enhance different types of cognitive functions. Cognitive program difficulty will be adjusted automatically and continuously based on each participant's level of performance.
physical exercise trainingOther
The physical exercise programs will involve balance or strength training or aerobic exercises. These may include (but not limited to) stepping, walking, dancing, ball kicking and throwing, and etc. The exercise session will be break up into 2 to 3 parts, and the participants can rest as needed during the exercise period. The exercise intensity will be progressed as the participants improve their performance throughout practice. To prevent exercise-induced injuries, vital signs and the Borg Perceived Exertion Scale will be monitored and recorded in each training session. If the training therapist observed that the exercise may be too intense for the participants, he/she will immediately reduce the training intensity.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| cognitive training (COG group) | Experimental | All participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). Each cognitive intervention session will last for 90 minutes. The COG group received computerized cognitive based training which include memory, executive function, visuospatial , language and attention trainings. Receives: Other: cognitive training |
| physical exercise training (PE group) | Experimental | All participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). Each physical exercise intervention session will last for 90 minutes. The entire exercise program for the PE group will contain 10 minutes of warm-up, 70 minutes of physical exercise, and 10 minutes of cool-down. The PE group received multimodal exercise program which includes aerobic exercise, balance and muscle strength training. Receives: Other: physical exercise training |
| sequential training (SEQ group) | Experimental | All participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). The participants in the SEQ group will first undergo physical exercise training for 45 minutes followed by 45 minutes of cognitive-based training. The participants will first perform 10 minutes of warm-up followed by 25 minutes of physical exercise, and end with 10 minutes of cool-down. The exercise intensity will be similar to the PE group. Following the physical exercise, the participants will take part in 45 minutes of cognitive training. The same tasks used in the COG group will be practiced. Receives: Other: cognitive training; Other: physical exercise training |
| dual-task training (Dual group) | Experimental | All participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). The participants in the DUAL group will be instructed to perform physical exercise and cognitive tasks simultaneously (e.g., math calculation while stepping). The difficulty of the cognitive tasks will increase as the participants improve in their performance. The 90 minutes of training session will be break up into 2 to 3 parts, and the participants can rest as needed. Receives: Other: cognitive training; Other: physical exercise training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
The MoCA will be used to assess general cognitive functions. It examines several cognitive domains with a total score of 30. The MoCA has been shown to be a valid and promising tool to detect MCI and early Alzhemer's disease (Nasreddine et al., 2005).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Verbal fluency test
Verbal fluency tests will be used to evaluate the semantic memory of the participants. The participants will be instructed to say as many words as possible from a given category (i.e., fruit or animal) in one minute. The validity, reliability, and normative performance of verbal fluency tests have been well-established (Harrison, Buxton, Husain, \& Wise, 2000).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III)
We will use the WMS-III subtests, including Faces Recognition, Verbal Paired Associates, Word Lists, and Spatial Span to assess the immediate, delayed, and working memory tests. The Faces Recognition test involves 24 pictures of human faces. The participants will be required to look through the faces one by one, and later recognize those faces. For the Verbal Paired Associates test, the instructor will read out eight-word pairs for the participant to memorize. The participants will be asked to respond to the appropriate word that matches the test word. In the Word Lists test, the instructor will read out 12 words in a list and the participants will need to repeat as many words as they could immediately and 25-35 minutes after. As for the Spatial Span test, the instructor will point to spatially located blocks in a sequential order; the participants will then touch the blocks either in the same sequential order or in a reversed order.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III)
The WAIS-III is developed to measure an individual's intelligence level. It includes tests that evaluate cognitive functions in verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual organization, and processing speed. The subtests that we will use are the Digit Symbol-Coding and Matrix Reasoning tests. The Digit Symbol-Coding test consists of 9 digit-symbol pairs and the participants will be asked to write down the corresponding symbols for the given digits on the test sheet as accurately and as fast as possible. As for the Matrix Reasoning test, the participants will need to logically solve missing puzzles within given matrixes. The test result of the Matrix Reasoning test indicates a general intelligence level because it entails the abilities of visual-spatial reasoning, abstract reasoning, visual organization, and visuospatial information processing.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Useful Field of View (UFOV)
The UFOV assessment is a computer-based visual test containing three subtests: visuomotor processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention (Ball, Edwards, \& Ross, 2007). The UFOV is the visual area over which information can be extracted from a brief glance without eye or head movements.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Stroop Color-Word test
The Stroop Color-Word assesses the abilities of selective attention, inhibition and executive function. The participants will be tested under congruent and incongruent conditions. In the congruent condition, the participant will name the color ink of a word which is consistent with the written color name; whereas in the incongruent condition the participant will name the color ink differs from the written color name. The time to complete the task will be calculated for each condition (Koss, Ober, Delis, \& Friedland, 1984; Ridley, Johnson, \& Braisted, 1978).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Dual-task test
The dual-task test evaluates the ability to shift attention between one task and another. Participants will sit and perform the box and block test (BBT) or walk 10 meters while doing secondary cognitive or motor tasks. Two cognitive secondary tasks will be performed by the participants: (1) arithmetic task: participants will be asked to perform serial subtractions by 7 starting from 100 or random two-digit numbers (e.g., Baetens et al., 2013); (2) tone discrimination task: participants will be presented a number of low and high-pitched tones and they will respond to either the high or low-pitched tones during the trial. Both cognitive task performances will be recorded and the results will be compared to single cognitive task performance. In addition to the cognitive dual-task, participants will perform a motor task (e.g., holding a cup of water) while walking.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Timed up and go (TUG)
The TUG assesses the dynamic balance ability and mobility. The participants will be required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The time to complete the TUG test has been shown to be a good indicator to detect potential fallers in frail elderly (Podsiadlo \& Richardson, 1991). The test-retest reliability of TUG on individuals with cognitive impairment was excellent (Blankevoort, van Heuvelen, \& Scherder, 2013).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Sit-to-stand test
The 30 second sit-to-stand will be assessed to indicate the strength and endurance level of the lower extremities. The participants will be asked to stand up from a standardized chair and then sit down as many times as possible within 30 seconds. The feasibility and reliability of using sit-to-stand test in people with cognitive impairment have been established to be good (Blankevoort et al., 2013).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)
The Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) is an international measure for health-related physical activity. A short form of IPAQ will be used to assess changes in physical activity before and after intervention in this study. The reliability and validity of IPAQ has been established across 12 countries (Craig et al., 2003).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Mobility level
Accelerometers will be used to provide an objective measure of the amount of arm movements in real-life situations. The participants will be asked to wear an Actigraphy activity monitor (ActiGraph, Shalimar, FL, USA) on both wrists for 3 consecutive days before and after training to measure the number of moves each minute, and the average counts of move per minute. The participants will be required to wear the device during the day except for doing water-based activities, such as bathing or swimming. Data recorded by the actigraphy will be analyzed with the MAHUFFE software (http://www.mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk/).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Lower extremity muscle strength
We will evaluate isometric knee flexors and extensors muscle strength using handheld dynamometer. The participant will be seated upright in a chair with back support, the knee will be placed in 90-degree flexion and the evaluator will stabilize the thing to eliminate synergistic movements. Participants will be asked to perform a maximal isometric contraction of knee flexion and extension with affected and less affected side. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Grip strength
We will use hand dynamometer to measure grip strength of both hands while the participant is seated, with the elbow at 90-degree flexion. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of the Barthel Index (BI)
Assess activities of daily living
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL)
The Lawton IADL scale evaluates 8 activities with a score range from 0 to 8 (higher indicate better function). The inter-rater reliability and validity of the Lawton IADL have been established to be moderate to high for community-dwelling older adults (Graf, 2008; Lawton \& Brody, 1969).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD)
Assess activities of daily living.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Instrument (QoLAD)
The intervention effects on quality of life will be assessed with the Chinese versions of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Instrument (QoLAD)
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)
The social participation level will be assessed with the CIQ. The CIQ measures 15 items relevant to home integration, social integration, and productive activities (Willer, Ottenbacher, \& Coad, 1994).The CIQ has been tested on various populations with acquired brain injuries, and test-retest reliability was excellent for chronic stroke patients with aphasia (Dalemans, de Witte, Beurskens, van den Heuvel, \& Wade, 2010; Willer et al., 1994).
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI)
The Chinese version of CBI will be used.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Change scores of Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - 15 items version is a self-administered questionnaire used to evaluate mood and depressive symptoms. The scores range is 0-15 and a score of 5 or greater taken as a possible indicator of depression.
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change scores of serum BDNF level
Up-regulation of neurotrophic and vascular growth factors
Measured: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Apr 2019
- Study start10 Apr 2018
- Primary completionDec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2021 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Mild Cognitive ImpairmentStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Chang Gung Memorial HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ching-yi Wu, ScD, Principal investigator, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03927586
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 201600262A3
- Status last verified
- Jun 2021
- First submitted
- 15 Apr 2019
- Last updated
- 21 Jun 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Jun 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evolving Methods of Hybrid Exercise-cognition Approach to Promote Health-related Conditions for the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03927586
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 201600262A3
- Conditions
- Mild Cognitive Impairment, Stroke
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, cognitive training, hybrid therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Chang Gung Memorial HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Apr 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2021 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of the study is to determine: (1) the effects of combined physical exercise and cognitive training versus exercise or cognitive training alone on cognition, physical function, daily function, quality of life and social participation outcomes, (2) determine the relative effects of simultaneous vs. sequential combination of physical exercise and cognitive training on these health-related outcomes, (3) determine the long-term effects of different types of trainings on these outcome measures.
Detailed description
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or minor neurocognitive disorder involves problems with memory, executive function and language. The age-adjusted prevalence of MCI in Taiwan is approximately 18%. The progression rate from MCI to dementia ranges from 10 to 15% each year, and over 50% of the MCI population will develop into severe cognitive impairment or dementia in five years. Early detection and intervention of the individuals with MCI may help delay or prevent progress from MCI to dementia, and reduce the burden of their caregivers and the medical expenses of the health-care system. Whilst numerous studies have established the potential benefits of cognitive or physical exercise training on cognition for individuals with MCI, some recent studies suggested that combining physical exercise and cognitive training may augment the intervention effects. Also, different combination methods - combining physical exercise and cognitive training either sequentially or simultaneously under a dual-task paradigm may impose differential cognitive challenges on the participants, and it is yet not clear which combination strategy has better training effects.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| cognitive training (COG group) | Experimental | Other: cognitive trainingAll participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). Each cognitive intervention session will last for 90 minutes. The COG group received computerized cognitive based training which include memory, executive function, visuospatial , language and attention trainings. |
| physical exercise training (PE group) | Experimental | Other: physical exercise trainingAll participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). Each physical exercise intervention session will last for 90 minutes. The entire exercise program for the PE group will contain 10 minutes of warm-up, 70 minutes of physical exercise, and 10 minutes of cool-down. The PE group received multimodal exercise program which includes aerobic exercise, balance and muscle strength training. |
| sequential training (SEQ group) | Experimental | Other: cognitive training, Other: physical exercise trainingAll participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). The participants in the SEQ group will first undergo physical exercise training for 45 minutes followed by 45 minutes of cognitive-based training. The participants will first perform 10 minutes of warm-up followed by 25 minutes of physical exercise, and end with 10 minutes of cool-down. The exercise intensity will be similar to the PE group. Following the physical exercise, the participants will take part in 45 minutes of cognitive training. The same tasks used in the COG group will be practiced. |
| dual-task training (Dual group) | Experimental | Other: cognitive training, Other: physical exercise trainingAll participants will receive trainings for 90 minutes per day, three days per week for 12 weeks (a total of 36 training sessions). The participants in the DUAL group will be instructed to perform physical exercise and cognitive tasks simultaneously (e.g., math calculation while stepping). The difficulty of the cognitive tasks will increase as the participants improve in their performance. The 90 minutes of training session will be break up into 2 to 3 parts, and the participants can rest as needed. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 55 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- able to follow instruction,
- age 55 to 90 years old,
- clinical dementia rating (CDR) = 0.5 or 1,
- self- or informant-reported memory or cognitive complaints,
- able to perform activities of daily living (Barthel Index ≥ 70).
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants will be excluded if they have recent myocardial infarction, heart failure, recent heart surgery, severe asthma, concomitant with other neurological disorders, or joint deformity that might prevents them performing exercise or cognitive training.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| cognitive trainingWe will be using commercialized cognitive-based training programs in order to facilitate several cognitive functions. We will be targeting attention, recognition, color and shape identification, calculation, visual perception, visuospatial processing and executive function. Participants will perform tasks designed to enhance different types of cognitive functions. Cognitive program difficulty will be adjusted automatically and continuously based on each participant's level of performance. | Other | cognitive training (COG group), dual-task training (Dual group), sequential training (SEQ group) |
| physical exercise trainingThe physical exercise programs will involve balance or strength training or aerobic exercises. These may include (but not limited to) stepping, walking, dancing, ball kicking and throwing, and etc. The exercise session will be break up into 2 to 3 parts, and the participants can rest as needed during the exercise period. The exercise intensity will be progressed as the participants improve their performance throughout practice. To prevent exercise-induced injuries, vital signs and the Borg Perceived Exertion Scale will be monitored and recorded in each training session. If the training therapist observed that the exercise may be too intense for the participants, he/she will immediately reduce the training intensity. | Other | dual-task training (Dual group), physical exercise training (PE group), sequential training (SEQ group) |
Primary outcome
Change scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The MoCA will be used to assess general cognitive functions. It examines several cognitive domains with a total score of 30. The MoCA has been shown to be a valid and promising tool to detect MCI and early Alzhemer's disease (Nasreddine et al., 2005).
Change scores of Verbal fluency test
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Verbal fluency tests will be used to evaluate the semantic memory of the participants. The participants will be instructed to say as many words as possible from a given category (i.e., fruit or animal) in one minute. The validity, reliability, and normative performance of verbal fluency tests have been well-established (Harrison, Buxton, Husain, \& Wise, 2000).
Change scores of Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
We will use the WMS-III subtests, including Faces Recognition, Verbal Paired Associates, Word Lists, and Spatial Span to assess the immediate, delayed, and working memory tests. The Faces Recognition test involves 24 pictures of human faces. The participants will be required to look through the faces one by one, and later recognize those faces. For the Verbal Paired Associates test, the instructor will read out eight-word pairs for the participant to memorize. The participants will be asked to respond to the appropriate word that matches the test word. In the Word Lists test, the instructor will read out 12 words in a list and the participants will need to repeat as many words as they could immediately and 25-35 minutes after. As for the Spatial Span test, the instructor will point to spatially located blocks in a sequential order; the participants will then touch the blocks either in the same sequential order or in a reversed order.
Change scores of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The WAIS-III is developed to measure an individual's intelligence level. It includes tests that evaluate cognitive functions in verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual organization, and processing speed. The subtests that we will use are the Digit Symbol-Coding and Matrix Reasoning tests. The Digit Symbol-Coding test consists of 9 digit-symbol pairs and the participants will be asked to write down the corresponding symbols for the given digits on the test sheet as accurately and as fast as possible. As for the Matrix Reasoning test, the participants will need to logically solve missing puzzles within given matrixes. The test result of the Matrix Reasoning test indicates a general intelligence level because it entails the abilities of visual-spatial reasoning, abstract reasoning, visual organization, and visuospatial information processing.
Change scores of Useful Field of View (UFOV)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The UFOV assessment is a computer-based visual test containing three subtests: visuomotor processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention (Ball, Edwards, \& Ross, 2007). The UFOV is the visual area over which information can be extracted from a brief glance without eye or head movements.
Change scores of Stroop Color-Word test
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The Stroop Color-Word assesses the abilities of selective attention, inhibition and executive function. The participants will be tested under congruent and incongruent conditions. In the congruent condition, the participant will name the color ink of a word which is consistent with the written color name; whereas in the incongruent condition the participant will name the color ink differs from the written color name. The time to complete the task will be calculated for each condition (Koss, Ober, Delis, \& Friedland, 1984; Ridley, Johnson, \& Braisted, 1978).
Change scores of Dual-task test
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The dual-task test evaluates the ability to shift attention between one task and another. Participants will sit and perform the box and block test (BBT) or walk 10 meters while doing secondary cognitive or motor tasks. Two cognitive secondary tasks will be performed by the participants: (1) arithmetic task: participants will be asked to perform serial subtractions by 7 starting from 100 or random two-digit numbers (e.g., Baetens et al., 2013); (2) tone discrimination task: participants will be presented a number of low and high-pitched tones and they will respond to either the high or low-pitched tones during the trial. Both cognitive task performances will be recorded and the results will be compared to single cognitive task performance. In addition to the cognitive dual-task, participants will perform a motor task (e.g., holding a cup of water) while walking.
Change scores of Timed up and go (TUG)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The TUG assesses the dynamic balance ability and mobility. The participants will be required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The time to complete the TUG test has been shown to be a good indicator to detect potential fallers in frail elderly (Podsiadlo \& Richardson, 1991). The test-retest reliability of TUG on individuals with cognitive impairment was excellent (Blankevoort, van Heuvelen, \& Scherder, 2013).
Change scores of Sit-to-stand test
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The 30 second sit-to-stand will be assessed to indicate the strength and endurance level of the lower extremities. The participants will be asked to stand up from a standardized chair and then sit down as many times as possible within 30 seconds. The feasibility and reliability of using sit-to-stand test in people with cognitive impairment have been established to be good (Blankevoort et al., 2013).
Change scores of International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) is an international measure for health-related physical activity. A short form of IPAQ will be used to assess changes in physical activity before and after intervention in this study. The reliability and validity of IPAQ has been established across 12 countries (Craig et al., 2003).
Change scores of Mobility level
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Accelerometers will be used to provide an objective measure of the amount of arm movements in real-life situations. The participants will be asked to wear an Actigraphy activity monitor (ActiGraph, Shalimar, FL, USA) on both wrists for 3 consecutive days before and after training to measure the number of moves each minute, and the average counts of move per minute. The participants will be required to wear the device during the day except for doing water-based activities, such as bathing or swimming. Data recorded by the actigraphy will be analyzed with the MAHUFFE software (http://www.mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk/).
Change scores of Lower extremity muscle strength
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
We will evaluate isometric knee flexors and extensors muscle strength using handheld dynamometer. The participant will be seated upright in a chair with back support, the knee will be placed in 90-degree flexion and the evaluator will stabilize the thing to eliminate synergistic movements. Participants will be asked to perform a maximal isometric contraction of knee flexion and extension with affected and less affected side. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.
Change scores of Grip strength
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
We will use hand dynamometer to measure grip strength of both hands while the participant is seated, with the elbow at 90-degree flexion. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.
Change scores of the Barthel Index (BI)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Assess activities of daily living
Change scores of Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The Lawton IADL scale evaluates 8 activities with a score range from 0 to 8 (higher indicate better function). The inter-rater reliability and validity of the Lawton IADL have been established to be moderate to high for community-dwelling older adults (Graf, 2008; Lawton \& Brody, 1969).
Change scores of the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
Assess activities of daily living.
Change scores of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Instrument (QoLAD)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The intervention effects on quality of life will be assessed with the Chinese versions of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Instrument (QoLAD)
Change scores of Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The social participation level will be assessed with the CIQ. The CIQ measures 15 items relevant to home integration, social integration, and productive activities (Willer, Ottenbacher, \& Coad, 1994).The CIQ has been tested on various populations with acquired brain injuries, and test-retest reliability was excellent for chronic stroke patients with aphasia (Dalemans, de Witte, Beurskens, van den Heuvel, \& Wade, 2010; Willer et al., 1994).
Change scores of Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The Chinese version of CBI will be used.
Change scores of Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - 15 items version is a self-administered questionnaire used to evaluate mood and depressive symptoms. The scores range is 0-15 and a score of 5 or greater taken as a possible indicator of depression.
1 secondary outcome
Change scores of serum BDNF level
Time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline)
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Jun 2021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ching-yi Wu, ScD principal investigator
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing cognitive training and physical exercise training in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Stroke, run by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Jun 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ching-yi Wu, ScD (#886-3-2118800 ext. 5761, cywu@mail.cgu.edu.tw), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (time frame: Baseline, post test immediately after completing 36 intervention sessions (around 12 weeks after baseline), follow up test (6 months after completing intervention sessions)). The study lists 20 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Jun 2021.