Clostridium Difficile InfectionPhase 3CD3-OLSNCT03931941
Microbiota Restoration Therapy for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection (PUNCH CD3-OLS)
A Phase 3 study testing RBX2660 in people with Clostridium Difficile Infection and Infection, run by Rebiotix Inc. at 51 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label Phase 3 study of a microbiota suspension of intestinal microbes. Patients who have had at least one recurrence of CDI after a primary episode and have completed at least one round of standard-of-care oral antibiotic therapy or have had at least two episodes of severe CDI… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Clostridium Difficile Infection, Infection, Communicable Diseases
- What is being tested?
- RBX2660
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 793 participants
- Where
- 51 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- 30 Jul 2019to 21 Jul 2023
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- ≥ 18 years old.
- Medical record documentation of either: a) a current diagnosis or history of recurrent CDI as determined by the treating physician, b) or has had at least two episodes of severe CDI resulting in hospitalization.
- Is currently taking or was just prescribed antibiotics to control CDI related diarrhea at the time of enrollment. [Note: Subject's CDI diarrhea must be controlled (<3 unformed/loose stools/day) while taking antibiotics during screening.]
Who cannot join
- Has continued CDI diarrhea despite being on a course of antibiotics prescribed for CDI treatment.
- Requires systemic antibiotic therapy for a condition other than CDI.
- Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) within the past 6 months.
- FMT with an associated serious adverse event related to the FMT product or procedure.
- Bezlotoxumab (CDI monoclonal antibodies) if received within the last year.
- CD4 count <200/mm^3 during Screening.
- An absolute neutrophil count of <1000 cells/µL during Screening.
- Pregnant, breastfeeding, or intends to become pregnant during study participation.
Trial locations and contacts
51 sites in 2 countries.
51 sites in 2 countries
United States46 sites
Annandale
Annandale, Virginia, 22003
Atlanta
Atlanta, Georgia, 30309
Aurora
Aurora, Colorado, 80045
Baltimore
Baltimore, Maryland, 21215
Burr Ridge
Burr Ridge, Illinois, 60527
Charleston
Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
Cleveland
Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
Dallas
Dallas, Texas, 75246
Decatur
Decatur, Georgia, 30033
Detroit
Detroit, Michigan, 48202
Durham
Durham, North Carolina, 27710
Fargo
Fargo, North Dakota, 58122
Fort Wayne
Fort Wayne, Indiana, 46845
Gainesville
Gainesville, Florida, 32610
Gurnee
Gurnee, Illinois, 60035
Hamden
Hamden, Connecticut, 06518
Hixon
Hixon, Tennessee, 37434
Houston
Houston, Texas, 77030
Idaho Falls
Idaho Falls, Idaho, 83404
Jacksonville
Jacksonville, Florida, 32224
Madison
Madison, Wisconsin, 53704
Marshfield
Marshfield, Wisconsin, 54449
Milwaukee
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53215
Naples
Naples, Florida, 34102
Nashville
Nashville, Tennessee, 37212
New Orleans
New Orleans, Louisiana, 70121
New York
New York, New York, 10016
North Little Rock
North Little Rock, Arkansas, 72117
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73102
Orlando
Orlando, Florida, 32806
Oxnard
Oxnard, California, 93030
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107
Phoenix
Phoenix, Arizona, 85054
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
Plymouth
Plymouth, Minnesota, 55446
Port Orange
Port Orange, Florida, 32127
Rochester
Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
Rochester
Rochester, New York, 14618
Seattle
Seattle, Washington, 98104
Shreveport
Shreveport, Louisiana, 71105
Spokane
Spokane, Washington, 99202
Springfield
Springfield, Virginia, 22150
St. Louis
St Louis, Missouri, 63110
West Jordan
West Jordan, Utah, 84088
Wichita
Wichita, Kansas, 67214
Wyomissing
Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, 19610
Canada5 sites
Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9
Edmonton
Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2X8
Moncton
Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 6Z8
Vancouver
Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9
Victoria
Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 1J8
About this study
Official title: A Phase 3 Open-Label Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Rebiotix RBX2660 (Microbiota Suspension) in Subjects With Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection
This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label Phase 3 study of a microbiota suspension of intestinal microbes. Patients who have had at least one recurrence of CDI after a primary episode and have completed at least one round of standard-of-care oral antibiotic therapy or have had at least two episodes of severe CDI resulting in hospitalization may be eligible for the study. Subjects may receive a second RBX2660 enema if they are deemed treatment failures following the initial enema per the protocol-specified treatment failure definition.
Read the detailed description
This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label Phase 3 study of a microbiota suspension of intestinal microbes. The primary assessments for this study are (i) safety via assessment of treatment-emergent adverse events and (ii) efficacy of RBX2660 preventing recurrent episodes of CDI measured at 8 weeks after treatment. Follow-up office visits occur at 1 week and 8 weeks after completing the initial study treatment. Telephone assessments occur at 4 weeks, and 4 and 6 months after the study. Patients who have had at least one recurrence of CDI after a primary episode and have completed at least one round of standard-of-care oral antibiotic therapy or have had at least two episodes of severe CDI resulting in hospitalization may be eligible for the study. Subjects may receive a second RBX2660 enema if they are deemed treatment failures following the initial enema per the protocol-specified treatment failure definition.
- Being tested
- RBX2660
- Keywords
- C. Difficile Diarrhea, Clostridium Difficile, CDI, FMT, Fecal Microbiota Transplant, Microbiota Restoration Therapy, Diarrhea, Microbial Suspension, Fecal Transplant, C Difficile Colitis, Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea, C diff diarrhea, C Difficile, C diff
- Medical subject headings
- Clostridium Infections, Infections, Communicable Diseases, Diarrhea, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
RBX2660Drug
Also called Microbiota suspension
RBX2660 is a microbiota suspension administered as an enema
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Active | Experimental | RBX2660 is an enema of a microbiota suspension Receives: Drug: RBX2660 |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Safety and Tolerability of RBX2660 in Subjects With Recurrent CDI.
Number of subjects with investigational product- and/or enema-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).
Measured: Up to 6 months after last study treatment.
Secondary outcomes (2)
Efficacy of RBX2660 Measured at 8 Weeks After Treatment.
The absence of C. difficile diarrhea without the need for retreatment through 8 weeks after administration of the study treatment.
Measured: 8 weeks after completing the study treatment
Sustained Clinical Response Through 6 Months After Treatment.
Treatment success of the presenting CDI recurrence and no new CDI episodes for greater than 8 weeks through 6 months after completing a study treatment assessed by subject phone interview up to 6 months after the last study treatment.
Measured: 6 months after completing the study treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Apr 2019
- Study start30 Jul 2019
- Primary completion21 Jul 2023
- Study completion21 Jul 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Clostridium Difficile InfectionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 793 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Rebiotix Inc.
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Teena Chopra, M.D., M.P.H., Study chair, Wayne State University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03931941
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019-01
- Acronym
- CD3-OLS
- Status last verified
- Apr 2023
- First submitted
- 26 Apr 2019
- Last updated
- 7 Aug 2024
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Steiner T, Louie T, Kao D, Smyth D, Guthmueller B, Jason T, Elliott SN, Srivastava S, Lee C. Evaluation of fecal microbiota, live (RBL) for the prevention of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: Canadian subgroup analysis of an open-label phase 3 study. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol. 2026 Jun 20;9(5):336-342. doi: 10.1093/jcag/gwag021. eCollection 2026 Oct.
PubMed 42840322Chopra T, Van Handel D, Baggott B, Orenstein R, Reveles K, Guthmueller B, Srivastava S, Khanna S. Efficacy Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection from Seven Clinical Studies. Infect Dis Ther. 2026 Aug;15(8):2071-2086. doi: 10.1007/s40121-026-01374-9. Epub 2026 Jun 12.
PubMed 42286373Skinner AM, Lodise TP, Reilly J, Guthmueller B, Srivastava S, Axelrad JE. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Among Hospitalized Participants in PUNCH CD3-OLS. Infect Dis Ther. 2026 Mar;15(3):889-901. doi: 10.1007/s40121-026-01304-9. Epub 2026 Feb 7.
PubMed 41653256Lee C, Feuerstadt P, Louie T, Bancke L, Guthmueller B, Harvey A, Hoeyer F, Orenstein R, Dubberke ER, Khanna S. Integrated analysis of the safety of fecal microbiota, live-jslm in adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection from five prospective clinical trials: an update. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2025 Nov 12;18:17562848251395566. doi: 10.1177/17562848251395566. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 41245385Aroniadis OC, Guthmueller B, Dehlin K, Srivastava S, Feuerstadt P, Lembo A, Weber HC. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm to Prevent Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Participants With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Infect Dis Ther. 2025 Sep;14(9):2157-2169. doi: 10.1007/s40121-025-01208-0. Epub 2025 Aug 10.
PubMed 40784972Alonso CD, Tillotson GS, Bidell MR, Guthmueller B, Hoeyer F, Fischer M, Dubberke ER. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm, in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Participants Who Were Mildly to Moderately Immunocompromised in the Phase 3 PUNCH CD3-OLS Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Mar 4;12(4):ofaf117. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf117. eCollection 2025 Apr.
PubMed 40177588Feuerstadt P, Chopra T, Knapple W, Van Hise NW, Dubberke ER, Baggott B, Guthmueller B, Bancke L, Gamborg M, Steiner TS, Van Handel D, Khanna S. PUNCH CD3-OLS: A Phase 3 Prospective Observational Cohort Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA) in Adults With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 5;80(1):43-51. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae437.
PubMed 39180326
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Aug 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase 3 Open-Label Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Rebiotix RBX2660 (Microbiota Suspension) in Subjects With Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03931941
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CD3-OLS / 2019-01
- Keywords
- C. Difficile Diarrhea, Clostridium Difficile, CDI, FMT, Fecal Microbiota Transplant, Microbiota Restoration Therapy, Diarrhea, Microbial Suspension
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 793 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Rebiotix Inc.Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- 30 Jul 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Jul 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 7 Aug 2024
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label Phase 3 study of a microbiota suspension of intestinal microbes. Patients who have had at least one recurrence of CDI after a primary episode and have completed at least one round of standard-of-care oral antibiotic therapy or have had at least two episodes of severe CDI resulting in hospitalization may be eligible for the study. Subjects may receive a second RBX2660 enema if they are deemed treatment failures following the initial enema per the protocol-specified treatment failure definition.
Detailed description
This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label Phase 3 study of a microbiota suspension of intestinal microbes. The primary assessments for this study are (i) safety via assessment of treatment-emergent adverse events and (ii) efficacy of RBX2660 preventing recurrent episodes of CDI measured at 8 weeks after treatment. Follow-up office visits occur at 1 week and 8 weeks after completing the initial study treatment. Telephone assessments occur at 4 weeks, and 4 and 6 months after the study. Patients who have had at least one recurrence of CDI after a primary episode and have completed at least one round of standard-of-care oral antibiotic therapy or have had at least two episodes of severe CDI resulting in hospitalization may be eligible for the study. Subjects may receive a second RBX2660 enema if they are deemed treatment failures following the initial enema per the protocol-specified treatment failure definition.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Active | Experimental | Drug: RBX2660RBX2660 is an enema of a microbiota suspension |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- ≥ 18 years old.
- Medical record documentation of either: a) a current diagnosis or history of recurrent CDI as determined by the treating physician, b) or has had at least two episodes of severe CDI resulting in hospitalization.
- Is currently taking or was just prescribed antibiotics to control CDI related diarrhea at the time of enrollment. [Note: Subject's CDI diarrhea must be controlled (<3 unformed/loose stools/day) while taking antibiotics during screening.]
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Has continued CDI diarrhea despite being on a course of antibiotics prescribed for CDI treatment.
- Requires systemic antibiotic therapy for a condition other than CDI.
- Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) within the past 6 months.
- FMT with an associated serious adverse event related to the FMT product or procedure.
- Bezlotoxumab (CDI monoclonal antibodies) if received within the last year.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| RBX2660Also: Microbiota suspensionRBX2660 is a microbiota suspension administered as an enema | Drug | Active |
Primary outcome
Safety and Tolerability of RBX2660 in Subjects With Recurrent CDI.
Time frame: Up to 6 months after last study treatment.
Number of subjects with investigational product- and/or enema-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).
2 secondary outcomes
Efficacy of RBX2660 Measured at 8 Weeks After Treatment.
Time frame: 8 weeks after completing the study treatment
Sustained Clinical Response Through 6 Months After Treatment.
Time frame: 6 months after completing the study treatment
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Aug 2024.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42840322Steiner T, Louie T, Kao D, Smyth D, Guthmueller B, Jason T, Elliott SN, Srivastava S, Lee C. Evaluation of fecal microbiota, live (RBL) for the prevention of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: Canadian subgroup analysis of an open-label phase 3 study. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol. 2026 Jun 20;9(5):336-342. doi: 10.1093/jcag/gwag021. eCollection 2026 Oct.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42286373Chopra T, Van Handel D, Baggott B, Orenstein R, Reveles K, Guthmueller B, Srivastava S, Khanna S. Efficacy Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection from Seven Clinical Studies. Infect Dis Ther. 2026 Aug;15(8):2071-2086. doi: 10.1007/s40121-026-01374-9. Epub 2026 Jun 12.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41653256Skinner AM, Lodise TP, Reilly J, Guthmueller B, Srivastava S, Axelrad JE. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Among Hospitalized Participants in PUNCH CD3-OLS. Infect Dis Ther. 2026 Mar;15(3):889-901. doi: 10.1007/s40121-026-01304-9. Epub 2026 Feb 7.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41245385Lee C, Feuerstadt P, Louie T, Bancke L, Guthmueller B, Harvey A, Hoeyer F, Orenstein R, Dubberke ER, Khanna S. Integrated analysis of the safety of fecal microbiota, live-jslm in adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection from five prospective clinical trials: an update. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2025 Nov 12;18:17562848251395566. doi: 10.1177/17562848251395566. eCollection 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40784972Aroniadis OC, Guthmueller B, Dehlin K, Srivastava S, Feuerstadt P, Lembo A, Weber HC. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm to Prevent Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Participants With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Infect Dis Ther. 2025 Sep;14(9):2157-2169. doi: 10.1007/s40121-025-01208-0. Epub 2025 Aug 10.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40177588Alonso CD, Tillotson GS, Bidell MR, Guthmueller B, Hoeyer F, Fischer M, Dubberke ER. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm, in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Participants Who Were Mildly to Moderately Immunocompromised in the Phase 3 PUNCH CD3-OLS Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Mar 4;12(4):ofaf117. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf117. eCollection 2025 Apr.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39180326Feuerstadt P, Chopra T, Knapple W, Van Hise NW, Dubberke ER, Baggott B, Guthmueller B, Bancke L, Gamborg M, Steiner TS, Van Handel D, Khanna S. PUNCH CD3-OLS: A Phase 3 Prospective Observational Cohort Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA) in Adults With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 5;80(1):43-51. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae437.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Teena Chopra, M.D., M.P.H. study chair
Wayne State University
51 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing RBX2660 in people with Clostridium Difficile Infection and Infection, run by Rebiotix Inc. at 51 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Aug 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 51 sites in United States, Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 7 Aug 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Safety and Tolerability of RBX2660 in Subjects With Recurrent CDI. (time frame: Up to 6 months after last study treatment.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03931941, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Aug 2024.