Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Phase 2NCT03940209
Addressing Basic Needs to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Medicaid Beneficiaries
A Phase 2 study testing Basic needs navigation in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This pragmatic randomized trial will test the effectiveness of a basic needs navigation intervention compared to usual care among 500 adults (ages 18-75) with Medicaid, type 2 diabetes, and 1 or more unmet basic needs. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- What is being tested?
- Basic needs navigation
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 473 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2019to 30 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Medicaid beneficiary
- Member of Louisiana Healthcare Connections
- Age 18-75 years old
- Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
- Had a HbA1c test in the 3-4 months prior to baseline assessment
Who cannot join
- HbA1c <7.0 in the 3-4 months prior to baseline assessment
- Enrolled in case management at Louisiana Healthcare Connections in the 3 months prior to baseline assessment
- Are currently pregnant or have only been diagnosed with gestational diabetes at baseline
- Have cognitive or hearing impairments that significantly impede participation in telephone-based survey and intervention protocols.
- Individuals not living independently (e.g., nursing homes, rehab or correctional facilities)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This pragmatic randomized trial will test the effectiveness of a basic needs navigation intervention compared to usual care among 500 adults (ages 18-75) with Medicaid, type 2 diabetes, and 1 or more unmet basic needs. Basic needs includes having such things as adequate food, housing, personal safety, and money for necessities. The primary study hypothesis is that participants who receive navigation to address unmet basic needs will have a greater reduction (M=0.5%) in HbA1c pre-post compared with participants receiving usual care. Consistent with the study's conceptual model, the effects of unmet basic needs on barriers to self-care (e.g., attention, stress, sleep), health behaviors (e.g., glucose monitoring, diet, clinical screenings) and health outcomes (e.g., emergency department utilization, hospitalization, quality of life) will be examined.
Read the detailed description
Type 2 diabetes affects over 29 million US adults, with a disproportionate burden of disease borne by low-income populations. Effective self-management requires attention, planning, follow-through and consistent performance of multiple health behaviors to prevent negative health outcomes. For low-income individuals, though, health improvement is often superseded by the drive to fulfill basic needs such as food, housing, personal safety, and money for necessities. Having unmet basic needs can overwhelm a person's ability to maintain health behaviors. Prior research has demonstrated that with more unmet basic needs, low-income individuals are less likely to even remember or act on a referral for needed health services. However, when unmet needs are resolved and/or people have a personal navigator to help, the likelihood of acting on a health referral significantly increases. Traditionally, patient navigators help coordinate care, manage disease or promote screening and preventive behaviors. This study will expand the role of navigators to include identifying and resolving unmet basic needs, which is expected to facilitate behavior change and improve health outcomes. This approach will be tested in a pragmatic randomized trial conducted in partnership with Louisiana Healthcare Connections, the largest Medicaid managed care plan in Louisiana. This study will test the effectiveness of a basic needs navigation intervention compared to usual care among 500 adults (ages 18-75) with Medicaid, type 2 diabetes, and 1 or more unmet basic needs. The primary hypothesis is that intervention participants will have a greater reduction (M=0.5%) in HbA1c pre-post compared with usual care participants. Consistent with the study's conceptual model, the effects of unmet basic needs on barriers to self-care (e.g., attention, stress, sleep), health behaviors (e.g., glucose monitoring, diet, clinical screenings) and health outcomes (e.g., emergency department utilization, hospitalization, quality of life) will be examined. Louisiana Healthcare Connections will identify eligible members for study recruitment and provide basic needs navigation for 6 months. The research team will recruit, enroll, randomize, and survey study participants by phone at baseline and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow up. HbA1c data will be obtained from electronic medical records to assess change.
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Being tested
- Basic needs navigation
- Keywords
- Low Income Population, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pragmatic clinical trial
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Basic needs navigationBehavioural
Navigators will help participants address unmet basic needs for 6 months by telephone. Either party can initiate a call. On every call, navigators will: (1) review unmet needs previously reported (baseline survey for first call) and ask participants to report new needs; (2) jointly prioritize among multiple needs based on severity and resource availability; (3) identify community resources that could help solve the problem; (4) evaluate eligibility for those resources; and (5) prepare participants to interact with service agencies and/or act as an advocate on their behalf. On each subsequent call, navigators will review progress toward resolving those needs, assess emergent needs, and adapt priorities accordingly. Navigators will provide instrumental and emotional social support through regular friendly contact, and will attempt to reduce barriers to needs resolution to improve stability and security for participants longer-term.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Usual care | No intervention | Medicaid beneficiaries in this arm will have all the usual resources available to them through their health plan including access to a physician network, case management resources, and other educational and health-focused resources and activities. |
| Basic needs navigation | Experimental | Medicaid beneficiaries in this arm will have all the usual resources available to them through their health plan (usual care) as well as a navigator for 6 months to address any unmet basic needs, provide instrumental and emotional social support, and improve self-management capabilities. Receives: Behavioral: Basic needs navigation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
HbA1c
Glycated haemoglobin (A1c) values will be abstracted from participants' medical record lab reports
Measured: 6-12 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Health-related Quality of Life
Physical and mental health aggregate scores from the Short Form-12 item (SF-12) self-report survey instrument were created following standard scoring guides. Standardized scores are reported with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better health status and better health-related quality of life (e.g., Physical health aggregate (1-100; higher=better health) and Mental health aggregate (1-100; higher=better health).
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 May 2019
- Study start1 Nov 2019
- Primary completion30 Jul 2023
- Study completion30 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Washington University School of MedicineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- In a pragmatic randomized trial, eligible participants who complete a baseline assessment will be randomly assigned to either a basic needs navigation intervention or usual care.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 473 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of Medicine
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Louisiana Healthcare Connections
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03940209
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HRPO201811020
- Other IDs
- 1R01DK115916-01A1
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 1 May 2019
- Last updated
- 4 May 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Investigators may contact study Principal Investigators and complete a data sharing agreement.
Publications
Kreuter MW, McQueen A, Boyum S, Fu Q. Unmet basic needs and health intervention effectiveness in low-income populations. Prev Med. 2016 Oct;91:70-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
PubMed 27496395Thompson T, McQueen A, Croston M, Luke A, Caito N, Quinn K, Funaro J, Kreuter MW. Social Needs and Health-Related Outcomes Among Medicaid Beneficiaries. Health Educ Behav. 2019 Jun;46(3):436-444. doi: 10.1177/1090198118822724. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
PubMed 30654655McQueen A, Roberts C, Garg R, Caburnay C, Fu Q, Gordon J, Bush T, Pokojski R, Thompson T, Kreuter M. Specialized tobacco quitline and basic needs navigation interventions to increase cessation among low income smokers: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2019 May;80:40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
PubMed 30904596
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Addressing Basic Needs to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Medicaid Beneficiaries
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03940209
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HRPO201811020
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Keywords
- Low Income Population, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pragmatic clinical trial
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 473 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Louisiana Healthcare Connections
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 May 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 4 May 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This pragmatic randomized trial will test the effectiveness of a basic needs navigation intervention compared to usual care among 500 adults (ages 18-75) with Medicaid, type 2 diabetes, and 1 or more unmet basic needs. Basic needs includes having such things as adequate food, housing, personal safety, and money for necessities. The primary study hypothesis is that participants who receive navigation to address unmet basic needs will have a greater reduction (M=0.5%) in HbA1c pre-post compared with participants receiving usual care. Consistent with the study's conceptual model, the effects of unmet basic needs on barriers to self-care (e.g., attention, stress, sleep), health behaviors (e.g., glucose monitoring, diet, clinical screenings) and health outcomes (e.g., emergency department utilization, hospitalization, quality of life) will be examined.
Detailed description
Type 2 diabetes affects over 29 million US adults, with a disproportionate burden of disease borne by low-income populations. Effective self-management requires attention, planning, follow-through and consistent performance of multiple health behaviors to prevent negative health outcomes. For low-income individuals, though, health improvement is often superseded by the drive to fulfill basic needs such as food, housing, personal safety, and money for necessities. Having unmet basic needs can overwhelm a person's ability to maintain health behaviors. Prior research has demonstrated that with more unmet basic needs, low-income individuals are less likely to even remember or act on a referral for needed health services. However, when unmet needs are resolved and/or people have a personal navigator to help, the likelihood of acting on a health referral significantly increases. Traditionally, patient navigators help coordinate care, manage disease or promote screening and preventive behaviors. This study will expand the role of navigators to include identifying and resolving unmet basic needs, which is expected to facilitate behavior change and improve health outcomes. This approach will be tested in a pragmatic randomized trial conducted in partnership with Louisiana Healthcare Connections, the largest Medicaid managed care plan in Louisiana. This study will test the effectiveness of a basic needs navigation intervention compared to usual care among 500 adults (ages 18-75) with Medicaid, type 2 diabetes, and 1 or more unmet basic needs. The primary hypothesis is that intervention participants will have a greater reduction (M=0.5%) in HbA1c pre-post compared with usual care participants. Consistent with the study's conceptual model, the effects of unmet basic needs on barriers to self-care (e.g., attention, stress, sleep), health behaviors (e.g., glucose monitoring, diet, clinical screenings) and health outcomes (e.g., emergency department utilization, hospitalization, quality of life) will be examined. Louisiana Healthcare Connections will identify eligible members for study recruitment and provide basic needs navigation for 6 months. The research team will recruit, enroll, randomize, and survey study participants by phone at baseline and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow up. HbA1c data will be obtained from electronic medical records to assess change.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- In a pragmatic randomized trial, eligible participants who complete a baseline assessment will be randomly assigned to either a basic needs navigation intervention or usual care.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Usual care | No intervention | –Medicaid beneficiaries in this arm will have all the usual resources available to them through their health plan including access to a physician network, case management resources, and other educational and health-focused resources and activities. |
| Basic needs navigation | Experimental | Behavioral: Basic needs navigationMedicaid beneficiaries in this arm will have all the usual resources available to them through their health plan (usual care) as well as a navigator for 6 months to address any unmet basic needs, provide instrumental and emotional social support, and improve self-management capabilities. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Medicaid beneficiary
- Member of Louisiana Healthcare Connections
- Age 18-75 years old
- Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
- Had a HbA1c test in the 3-4 months prior to baseline assessment
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- HbA1c <7.0 in the 3-4 months prior to baseline assessment
- Enrolled in case management at Louisiana Healthcare Connections in the 3 months prior to baseline assessment
- Are currently pregnant or have only been diagnosed with gestational diabetes at baseline
- Have cognitive or hearing impairments that significantly impede participation in telephone-based survey and intervention protocols.
- Individuals not living independently (e.g., nursing homes, rehab or correctional facilities)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Basic needs navigationNavigators will help participants address unmet basic needs for 6 months by telephone. Either party can initiate a call. On every call, navigators will: (1) review unmet needs previously reported (baseline survey for first call) and ask participants to report new needs; (2) jointly prioritize among multiple needs based on severity and resource availability; (3) identify community resources that could help solve the problem; (4) evaluate eligibility for those resources; and (5) prepare participants to interact with service agencies and/or act as an advocate on their behalf. On each subsequent call, navigators will review progress toward resolving those needs, assess emergent needs, and adapt priorities accordingly. Navigators will provide instrumental and emotional social support through regular friendly contact, and will attempt to reduce barriers to needs resolution to improve stability and security for participants longer-term. | Behavioural | Basic needs navigation |
Primary outcome
HbA1c
Time frame: 6-12 months
Glycated haemoglobin (A1c) values will be abstracted from participants' medical record lab reports
1 secondary outcome
Health-related Quality of Life
Time frame: 12 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 May 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 27496395Kreuter MW, McQueen A, Boyum S, Fu Q. Unmet basic needs and health intervention effectiveness in low-income populations. Prev Med. 2016 Oct;91:70-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
- Background: PubMed 30654655Thompson T, McQueen A, Croston M, Luke A, Caito N, Quinn K, Funaro J, Kreuter MW. Social Needs and Health-Related Outcomes Among Medicaid Beneficiaries. Health Educ Behav. 2019 Jun;46(3):436-444. doi: 10.1177/1090198118822724. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
- Background: PubMed 30904596McQueen A, Roberts C, Garg R, Caburnay C, Fu Q, Gordon J, Bush T, Pokojski R, Thompson T, Kreuter M. Specialized tobacco quitline and basic needs navigation interventions to increase cessation among low income smokers: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2019 May;80:40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Investigators may contact study Principal Investigators and complete a data sharing agreement.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Basic needs navigation in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 4 May 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
HbA1c (time frame: 6-12 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03940209, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 May 2026.