InfertilityEmbryOxNCT03964805
Oxygen Tension on Human Embryonic Development
A study testing 20% oxygen, 5% oxygen and 20 % and 5 % oxygen in people with Infertility and Embryo Culture, run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris.
Trial summary
In mammals, uterine environment is at low oxygen concentration (2-8% O2). Thus, human embryo culture under low O2 tension (5%) is now recommended by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) revised guidelines for good practices in in vitro fertilization (IVF) labs. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 39 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Infertility, Embryo Culture, Hypoxia
- What is being tested?
- 20% oxygen, 5% oxygen and 20 % and 5 % oxygen
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 773 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2016to 1 Dec 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 39 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age: 18 - 39 years
- IVF / ICSI Attempt with Ejaculated Sperm Sperm (Fresh or Frozen)
- At least 8 oocytes retrieved in total
- Good understanding of the protocol by the patient
- Informed and consentment signed of the couple
Who cannot join
- - Hydrosalpinx
About this study
Official title: Impact of Low Versus Atmospheric Oxygen Tension on Human Embryo Development : A Prospective Randomized Study
In mammals, uterine environment is at low oxygen concentration (2-8% O2). Thus, human embryo culture under low O2 tension (5%) is now recommended by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) revised guidelines for good practices in in vitro fertilization (IVF) labs. Indeed, hypoxia seems to improve embryo quality at cleavage and blastocyst stages, presumably by reducing damages of oxidative stress (OS). Nevertheless, recent meta-analyses concluded only with a low evidence to a superiority of hypoxia on IVF/ICSI outcomes. Furthermore, a study on mouse embryos suggested a negative impact of OS only at cleavage stage. The aim of the present prospective randomized study was to investigate this hypothesis for the first time in human embryos.
Read the detailed description
In mammals, uterine environment is at low oxygen tension, between 2 and 8% O2 . However, most IVF labs perform embryo culture at atmospheric tension (around 20% O2). Several randomized studies in human embryos have reported the superiority of hypoxia (5%) in terms of embryo quality and blastulation rates. This fact might be explained by a more physiological environment, probably inducing a decrease in oxidative stress (OS), which has a harmful impact on embryo development. Other studies have also suggested that before compaction, OS damages might be irreversible.
Wale et Gardner have investigated this impact of oxygen tension on mouse embryo development, by comparing four culture conditions: (i) group 1: culture exclusively at 5% O2 ; (ii) group 2: culture at 5% from Day 0 to Day 2, then at 20% from Day 2 to Day 4; (iii) group 3: at 20% then at 5% from Day 2; (iv) and group 4: culture exclusively at 20% Interestingly, no difference in terms of blastulation had been reported between groups 1 and 2, suggesting the OS might impact only at cleavage stage, and that switching culture under atmospheric conditions from Day 2/3 might not influence embryo development thereafter.
Hence, all those investigations suggest that embryo culture using trigas incubators (5% O2, 6% CO2 and 89% N2) would be preferable. However, this system is very expensive, notably due to a high N2 consumption, and requires a more complicated logistics (e.g. N2 levels monitoring). Yet, Wale and Gardner's results imply that sequential culture conditions (trigas from Day 0 to Day 2/3, then conventional incubator at 20% O2 until blastocyst stage) could be an valuable option, reducing the costs and, essentially, without any detrimental impact on embryo development.
The present study has two main objectives: (i) to confirm the improvement in embryo quality under low oxygen tension and (ii) to demonstrate the negative impact of OS only at cleavage stage in human embryos, as assumed by Wale and Gardner. For that purpose, we designed an original prospective randomized study comparing three culture conditions: (i) culture excusively at 20% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6) (Group A); (ii) culture exclusively at 5% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6) (Group B); (iii) culture at 5% from Day 0 to Day 3, then at 20% from Day 3 to Day 6) (Group C). Inclusion criteria and outcome measures are detailed in the following sections.
- Conditions
- Infertility, Embryo Culture, Hypoxia
- Being tested
- 20% oxygen, 5% oxygen, 20 % and 5 % oxygen
- Keywords
- Embryo culture, oxygen tension,, embryo quality,, extended culture
- Medical subject headings
- Infertility, Hypoxia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
20% oxygenOther
Also called culture at 20% O2
culture excusively at 20% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6)
5% oxygenOther
Also called culture at 5% O2
culture excusively at 5% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6)
20 % and 5 % oxygenOther
Also called culture at 20 % and at 5%O2
culture at 5% from Day 0 to Day 3, then at 20% from Day 3 to Day 6)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| group A | Active comparator | Embryo culture at 20% O2 Receives: Other: 20% oxygen |
| group B | Active comparator | Embryo culture at 5% O2 Receives: Other: 5% oxygen |
| group C | Active comparator | Embryo culture at 5% O2 and at 20% O2 Receives: Other: 20 % and 5 % oxygen |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Embryo quality at Day 2 between groups A and B.
Embryo morphology is qualified as the number of blastomeres, degree of cytoplasmic fragmentation, regularity of the cells and presence/absence of multinucleated blastomeres. Day 2 top-quality embryos are defined as 4 regular blastomeres, <20% cytoplasmic fragmentation, no multinucleations.mbryos are defined as 4/8 regular blastomeres, <20% cytoplasmic fragmentation, no multinucleations.
Measured: Day 2
Embryo quality at Day 3 between groups A and B.
Embryo morphology is qualified as the number of blastomeres, degree of cytoplasmic fragmentation, regularity of the cells and presence/absence of multinucleated blastomeres. Day 3 top-quality embryos are defined as 8 regular blastomeres, <20% cytoplasmic fragmentation, no multinucleations.
Measured: Day 3
Embryo quality at blastocyst stage (Day 5) between groups A, B and C.
Blastocyst morphology is assessed according to Gardner and Schoolcraft's classification: degree of blastocele expansion (graded from B1 to B6), inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology (both graded A, B or C). Day 5 top quality blastocyst are defined as ≥B4AA/AB/BA.
Measured: Day 5
Embryo quality at blastocyst stage (Day 6) between groups A, B and C.
Blastocyst morphology is assessed according to Gardner and Schoolcraft's classification: degree of blastocele expansion (graded from B1 to B6), inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology (both graded A, B or C). Day 5 top quality blastocyst are defined as ≥B4AA/AB/BA.
Measured: Day 6
Secondary outcomes (6)
Fertilization rate
Percentage of oocytes fertilized per oocyte inseminated, assessed at Day 1
Measured: Days 1
Early cleavage rate
Percentage of embryos at the 2-cell stage per oocyte fertilized, assessed 25 hours after insemination
Measured: 25 hours after insemination
Useable embryo rate
Percentage of embryos transferred and/or frozen per embryo
Measured: Days 2/3; 5/6
Implantation rate
Number of gestational sacs with fetal heart beat detected per embryo transferred
Measured: 4-5 weeks after transfer
Clinical pregnancy rate
Percentage of pregnancies diagnosed by ultrasonographic visualization of at least one gestational sac with fetal heart beat per embryo transfer
Measured: 4-5 weeks after transfer
Miscarriage rate
Measured: 4-5 weeks after transfer
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 May 2019
- Study start1 Sep 2016
- Primary completion6 Sep 2018
- Study completion1 Dec 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for InfertilityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 773 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Christophe Sifer, Principal investigator, AP-HP_Hôpital Jean Verdier
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03964805
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2015-A02019-40
- Acronym
- EmbryOx
- Status last verified
- Apr 2019
- First submitted
- 14 May 2019
- Last updated
- 28 May 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Ciray HN, Aksoy T, Yaramanci K, Karayaka I, Bahceci M. In vitro culture under physiologic oxygen concentration improves blastocyst yield and quality: a prospective randomized survey on sibling oocytes. Fertil Steril. 2009 Apr;91(4 Suppl):1459-61. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1707. Epub 2008 Aug 22.
PubMed 18722608Fischer B, Bavister BD. Oxygen tension in the oviduct and uterus of rhesus monkeys, hamsters and rabbits. J Reprod Fertil. 1993 Nov;99(2):673-9. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0990673.
PubMed 8107053Guo N, Li Y, Ai J, Gu L, Chen W, Liu Q. Two different concentrations of oxygen for culturing precompaction stage embryos on human embryo development competence: a prospective randomized sibling-oocyte study. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Aug 15;7(9):6191-8. eCollection 2014.
PubMed 25337269Kasterstein E, Strassburger D, Komarovsky D, Bern O, Komsky A, Raziel A, Friedler S, Ron-El R. The effect of two distinct levels of oxygen concentration on embryo development in a sibling oocyte study. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013 Aug;30(8):1073-9. doi: 10.1007/s10815-013-0032-z. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
PubMed 23835722Kea B, Gebhardt J, Watt J, Westphal LM, Lathi RB, Milki AA, Behr B. Effect of reduced oxygen concentrations on the outcome of in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2007 Jan;87(1):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.066. Epub 2006 Nov 1.
PubMed 17081523Kirkegaard K, Hindkjaer JJ, Ingerslev HJ. Effect of oxygen concentration on human embryo development evaluated by time-lapse monitoring. Fertil Steril. 2013 Mar 1;99(3):738-744.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.028. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
PubMed 23245683Kovacic B, Vlaisavljevic V. Influence of atmospheric versus reduced oxygen concentration on development of human blastocysts in vitro: a prospective study on sibling oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online. 2008 Aug;17(2):229-36. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60199-x.
PubMed 18681997Waldenstrom U, Engstrom AB, Hellberg D, Nilsson S. Low-oxygen compared with high-oxygen atmosphere in blastocyst culture, a prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril. 2009 Jun;91(6):2461-5. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.051. Epub 2008 Jun 12.
PubMed 18554591Wale PL, Gardner DK. Time-lapse analysis of mouse embryo development in oxygen gradients. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010 Sep;21(3):402-10. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.04.028. Epub 2010 Aug 5.
PubMed 20691637Wale PL, Gardner DK. The effects of chemical and physical factors on mammalian embryo culture and their importance for the practice of assisted human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update. 2016 Jan-Feb;22(1):2-22. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmv034. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
PubMed 26207016
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 May 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Low Versus Atmospheric Oxygen Tension on Human Embryo Development : A Prospective Randomized Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03964805
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EmbryOx / 2015-A02019-40
- Conditions
- Infertility, Embryo Culture, Hypoxia
- Keywords
- Embryo culture, oxygen tension,, embryo quality,, extended culture
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 773 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 6 Sep 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 May 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In mammals, uterine environment is at low oxygen concentration (2-8% O2). Thus, human embryo culture under low O2 tension (5%) is now recommended by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) revised guidelines for good practices in in vitro fertilization (IVF) labs. Indeed, hypoxia seems to improve embryo quality at cleavage and blastocyst stages, presumably by reducing damages of oxidative stress (OS). Nevertheless, recent meta-analyses concluded only with a low evidence to a superiority of hypoxia on IVF/ICSI outcomes. Furthermore, a study on mouse embryos suggested a negative impact of OS only at cleavage stage. The aim of the present prospective randomized study was to investigate this hypothesis for the first time in human embryos.
Detailed description
In mammals, uterine environment is at low oxygen tension, between 2 and 8% O2 . However, most IVF labs perform embryo culture at atmospheric tension (around 20% O2). Several randomized studies in human embryos have reported the superiority of hypoxia (5%) in terms of embryo quality and blastulation rates. This fact might be explained by a more physiological environment, probably inducing a decrease in oxidative stress (OS), which has a harmful impact on embryo development. Other studies have also suggested that before compaction, OS damages might be irreversible.
Wale et Gardner have investigated this impact of oxygen tension on mouse embryo development, by comparing four culture conditions: (i) group 1: culture exclusively at 5% O2 ; (ii) group 2: culture at 5% from Day 0 to Day 2, then at 20% from Day 2 to Day 4; (iii) group 3: at 20% then at 5% from Day 2; (iv) and group 4: culture exclusively at 20% Interestingly, no difference in terms of blastulation had been reported between groups 1 and 2, suggesting the OS might impact only at cleavage stage, and that switching culture under atmospheric conditions from Day 2/3 might not influence embryo development thereafter.
Hence, all those investigations suggest that embryo culture using trigas incubators (5% O2, 6% CO2 and 89% N2) would be preferable. However, this system is very expensive, notably due to a high N2 consumption, and requires a more complicated logistics (e.g. N2 levels monitoring). Yet, Wale and Gardner's results imply that sequential culture conditions (trigas from Day 0 to Day 2/3, then conventional incubator at 20% O2 until blastocyst stage) could be an valuable option, reducing the costs and, essentially, without any detrimental impact on embryo development.
The present study has two main objectives: (i) to confirm the improvement in embryo quality under low oxygen tension and (ii) to demonstrate the negative impact of OS only at cleavage stage in human embryos, as assumed by Wale and Gardner. For that purpose, we designed an original prospective randomized study comparing three culture conditions: (i) culture excusively at 20% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6) (Group A); (ii) culture exclusively at 5% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6) (Group B); (iii) culture at 5% from Day 0 to Day 3, then at 20% from Day 3 to Day 6) (Group C). Inclusion criteria and outcome measures are detailed in the following sections.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| group A | Active comparator | Other: 20% oxygenEmbryo culture at 20% O2 |
| group B | Active comparator | Other: 5% oxygenEmbryo culture at 5% O2 |
| group C | Active comparator | Other: 20 % and 5 % oxygenEmbryo culture at 5% O2 and at 20% O2 |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 39 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age: 18 - 39 years
- IVF / ICSI Attempt with Ejaculated Sperm Sperm (Fresh or Frozen)
- At least 8 oocytes retrieved in total
- Good understanding of the protocol by the patient
- Informed and consentment signed of the couple
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- - Hydrosalpinx
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 20% oxygenAlso: culture at 20% O2culture excusively at 20% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6) | Other | group A |
| 5% oxygenAlso: culture at 5% O2culture excusively at 5% O2 (Day 0 to Day 6) | Other | group B |
| 20 % and 5 % oxygenAlso: culture at 20 % and at 5%O2culture at 5% from Day 0 to Day 3, then at 20% from Day 3 to Day 6) | Other | group C |
Primary outcome
Embryo quality at Day 2 between groups A and B.
Time frame: Day 2
Embryo morphology is qualified as the number of blastomeres, degree of cytoplasmic fragmentation, regularity of the cells and presence/absence of multinucleated blastomeres. Day 2 top-quality embryos are defined as 4 regular blastomeres, <20% cytoplasmic fragmentation, no multinucleations.mbryos are defined as 4/8 regular blastomeres, <20% cytoplasmic fragmentation, no multinucleations.
Embryo quality at Day 3 between groups A and B.
Time frame: Day 3
Embryo morphology is qualified as the number of blastomeres, degree of cytoplasmic fragmentation, regularity of the cells and presence/absence of multinucleated blastomeres. Day 3 top-quality embryos are defined as 8 regular blastomeres, <20% cytoplasmic fragmentation, no multinucleations.
Embryo quality at blastocyst stage (Day 5) between groups A, B and C.
Time frame: Day 5
Blastocyst morphology is assessed according to Gardner and Schoolcraft's classification: degree of blastocele expansion (graded from B1 to B6), inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology (both graded A, B or C). Day 5 top quality blastocyst are defined as ≥B4AA/AB/BA.
Embryo quality at blastocyst stage (Day 6) between groups A, B and C.
Time frame: Day 6
Blastocyst morphology is assessed according to Gardner and Schoolcraft's classification: degree of blastocele expansion (graded from B1 to B6), inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology (both graded A, B or C). Day 5 top quality blastocyst are defined as ≥B4AA/AB/BA.
6 secondary outcomes
Fertilization rate
Time frame: Days 1
Early cleavage rate
Time frame: 25 hours after insemination
Useable embryo rate
Time frame: Days 2/3; 5/6
Implantation rate
Time frame: 4-5 weeks after transfer
Clinical pregnancy rate
Time frame: 4-5 weeks after transfer
Miscarriage rate
Time frame: 4-5 weeks after transfer
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 May 2019.
- Background: PubMed 18722608Ciray HN, Aksoy T, Yaramanci K, Karayaka I, Bahceci M. In vitro culture under physiologic oxygen concentration improves blastocyst yield and quality: a prospective randomized survey on sibling oocytes. Fertil Steril. 2009 Apr;91(4 Suppl):1459-61. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1707. Epub 2008 Aug 22.
- Background: PubMed 8107053Fischer B, Bavister BD. Oxygen tension in the oviduct and uterus of rhesus monkeys, hamsters and rabbits. J Reprod Fertil. 1993 Nov;99(2):673-9. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0990673.
- Background: PubMed 25337269Guo N, Li Y, Ai J, Gu L, Chen W, Liu Q. Two different concentrations of oxygen for culturing precompaction stage embryos on human embryo development competence: a prospective randomized sibling-oocyte study. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Aug 15;7(9):6191-8. eCollection 2014.
- Background: PubMed 23835722Kasterstein E, Strassburger D, Komarovsky D, Bern O, Komsky A, Raziel A, Friedler S, Ron-El R. The effect of two distinct levels of oxygen concentration on embryo development in a sibling oocyte study. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013 Aug;30(8):1073-9. doi: 10.1007/s10815-013-0032-z. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
- Background: PubMed 17081523Kea B, Gebhardt J, Watt J, Westphal LM, Lathi RB, Milki AA, Behr B. Effect of reduced oxygen concentrations on the outcome of in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2007 Jan;87(1):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.066. Epub 2006 Nov 1.
- Background: PubMed 23245683Kirkegaard K, Hindkjaer JJ, Ingerslev HJ. Effect of oxygen concentration on human embryo development evaluated by time-lapse monitoring. Fertil Steril. 2013 Mar 1;99(3):738-744.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.028. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
- Background: PubMed 18681997Kovacic B, Vlaisavljevic V. Influence of atmospheric versus reduced oxygen concentration on development of human blastocysts in vitro: a prospective study on sibling oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online. 2008 Aug;17(2):229-36. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60199-x.
- Background: PubMed 18554591Waldenstrom U, Engstrom AB, Hellberg D, Nilsson S. Low-oxygen compared with high-oxygen atmosphere in blastocyst culture, a prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril. 2009 Jun;91(6):2461-5. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.051. Epub 2008 Jun 12.
- Background: PubMed 20691637Wale PL, Gardner DK. Time-lapse analysis of mouse embryo development in oxygen gradients. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010 Sep;21(3):402-10. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.04.028. Epub 2010 Aug 5.
- Background: PubMed 26207016Wale PL, Gardner DK. The effects of chemical and physical factors on mammalian embryo culture and their importance for the practice of assisted human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update. 2016 Jan-Feb;22(1):2-22. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmv034. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Christophe Sifer principal investigator
AP-HP_Hôpital Jean Verdier
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing 20% oxygen, 5% oxygen and 20 % and 5 % oxygen in people with Infertility and Embryo Culture, run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 May 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Embryo quality at Day 2 between groups A and B. (time frame: Day 2). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03964805, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 May 2019.