InfertilityNCT03974295
The Impact of Vaginal Intercourse on Pregnancy Rates After Frozen Embryo Transfer
A study testing Vaginal unprotected intercourse in people with Infertility and Pregnancy Related, run by University of South Florida.
Trial summary
This study aims to evaluate whether allowing unprotected vaginal intercourse 24 hours after frozen embryo transfer will result in higher ongoing clinical pregnancy rates in comparison to having participants abstain from unprotected vaginal intercourse until pregnancy test (10-14 days after frozen embryo transfer). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 55 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Infertility, Pregnancy Related, IVF
- What is being tested?
- Vaginal unprotected intercourse
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 400 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2019to 30 Jun 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 55 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- female fertility patients having frozen embryo transfer
- programmed hormone replacement (Oral Estrace, Vivelle dot (patch), intravenous Estradiol) with and without gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue pretreatment and some form of parenteral progesterone supplementation (daily or every 3 days intramuscular Progesterone) for luteal support
Who cannot join
- unable to provide informed consent
- not undergoing programmed hormone replacement for frozen embryo transfer (natural cycle frozen embryo transfer)
- undergoing fresh embryo transfer
- not able to engage in heterosexual intercourse (same sex couple, partner with severe sexual dysfunction)
- cannot undergo unprotected vaginal intercourse (infected with hepatitis B, C, or human immunodeficiency virus).
About this study
Official title: The Impact of Vaginal Intercourse on Pregnancy Rates After Frozen Embryo Transfer; A Single Blinded Randomized Trial.
This study aims to evaluate whether allowing unprotected vaginal intercourse 24 hours after frozen embryo transfer will result in higher ongoing clinical pregnancy rates in comparison to having participants abstain from unprotected vaginal intercourse until pregnancy test (10-14 days after frozen embryo transfer).
Read the detailed description
Given the overwhelming evidence suggesting beneficial effect of seminal plasma on embryo implantation, we sought to explore this benefits in in vitro fertilization treatments by limiting the study cohort to those having frozen embryo transfer with programmed hormone replacement for endometrial preparation and some form of parenteral progesterone supplementation. This design will enable us to overcome the concerns and limitations of all previous studies. In this study, patients will be randomized into two groups, group 1 will have their frozen embryo transfer followed by current standard of care (no unprotected vaginal intercourse until pregnancy test) and group 2 will have their frozen embryo transfer followed by unlimited unprotected vaginal intercourse starting 24 hours after transfer. The primary endpoint of the study will be ongoing clinical pregnancy
rates in the two groups while secondary endpoints will include implantation, positive pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth rates. Overall, this study aims to investigate whether the elimination of current universal pelvic rest protocol in patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer will help optimize pregnancy outcomes.
This study aims to evaluate whether allowing unprotected vaginal intercourse 24 hours after frozen embryo transfer will result in higher ongoing clinical pregnancy rates in comparison to having participants abstain from unprotected vaginal intercourse until pregnancy test (10-14 days after frozen embryo transfer).
- Conditions
- Infertility, Pregnancy Related, IVF
- Being tested
- Vaginal unprotected intercourse
- Medical subject headings
- Infertility
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Vaginal unprotected intercourseBehavioural
Patients will allowed to engage in vaginal unprotected intercourse as many times as desired after 24 hours of pelvic rest after a frozen embryo transfer.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intercourse Group | Experimental | unlimited unprotected vaginal intercourse starting 24 hours after the frozen embryo transfer Receives: Behavioral: Vaginal unprotected intercourse |
| Pelvic Rest Group | No intervention | pelvic rest after frozen embryo transfer until positive pregnancy test |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pregnancy rates
A serum quantitative pregnancy test will be performed 10-14 days following the frozen embryo transfer per clinic protocol. Positive pregnancy test is defined a serum quantitative beta hCG > 5 mU/mL.
Measured: up to 2 years
Secondary outcomes (5)
Implantation rates
Implantation rate will be defined as number of gestational sacs observed at echographic screening at 6 weeks of pregnancy divided by the number of embryos transferred.
Measured: up to 2 years
Clinical pregnancy rate
Ongoing clinical pregnancy rate is defined as presence of a fetal heartbeat at 6-7 weeks of pregnancy.
Measured: up to 2 years
Biochemical pregnancy rate
Biochemical pregnancy rate is defined as positive pregnancy test or elevated β-hCG level which does not result in implantation.
Measured: up to 2 years
Miscarriage rate
Miscarriage rate is defined as a pregnancy loss is the loss of a fetus that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation.
Measured: up to 2 years
Live birth rate
Live birth rate is defined as number of deliveries that resulted in a live born neonate, expressed per 100 embryo transfers.
Measured: up to 2 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jun 2019
- Study start1 Jul 2019 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Jun 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for InfertilityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of South FloridaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of South Florida
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03974295
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Pro00040515
- Status last verified
- May 2019
- First submitted
- 20 May 2019
- Last updated
- 4 Jun 2019
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Gaikwad S, Garrido N, Cobo A, Pellicer A, Remohi J. Bed rest after embryo transfer negatively affects in vitro fertilization: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Fertil Steril. 2013 Sep;100(3):729-35. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
PubMed 23755954Lambers MJ, Lambalk CB, Schats R, Hompes PG. Ultrasonographic evidence that bedrest after embryo transfer is useless. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2009;68(2):122-6. doi: 10.1159/000226283. Epub 2009 Jul 3.
PubMed 19590224Su TJ, Chen YC, Hung YT, Yang YS. Comparative study of daily activities of pregnant and non-pregnant women after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. J Formos Med Assoc. 2001 Apr;100(4):262-8.
PubMed 11393126Li B, Zhou H, Li W. Bed rest after embryo transfer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011 Apr;155(2):125-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.12.003.
PubMed 21300426Purcell KJ, Schembri M, Telles TL, Fujimoto VY, Cedars MI. Bed rest after embryo transfer: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2007 Jun;87(6):1322-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.060. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
PubMed 17362946Botta G, Grudzinskas G. Is a prolonged bed rest following embryo transfer useful? Hum Reprod. 1997 Nov;12(11):2489-92. doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.11.2489.
PubMed 9436691Sharif K, Afnan M, Lenton W, Khalaf Y, Ebbiary N, Bilalis D, Morgan C. Do patients need to remain in bed following embryo transfer? The Birmingham experience of 103 in-vitro fertilization cycles with no bed rest following embryo transfer. Hum Reprod. 1995 Jun;10(6):1427-9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/10.6.1427.
PubMed 7593509Rezabek K, Koryntova D, Zivny J. [Does bedrest after embryo transfer cause a worse outcome in in vitro fertilization?]. Ceska Gynekol. 2001 May;66(3):175-8. Czech.
PubMed 11464374Aoki Y, Kumakiri J, Itakura A, Kikuchi I, Takahashi N, Satoru T. Should sexual intercourse be avoided during the embryo transfer cycle? Life-threatening ruptured heterotopic pregnancy after single thawed embryo transfer: case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2017;44(3):489-491.
PubMed 29949304Schjenken JE, Robertson SA. Seminal Fluid Signalling in the Female Reproductive Tract: Implications for Reproductive Success and Offspring Health. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;868:127-58. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-18881-2_6.
PubMed 26178848Gutsche S, von Wolff M, Strowitzki T, Thaler CJ. Seminal plasma induces mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and LIF in endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003 Dec;9(12):785-91. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gag095.
PubMed 14614040Sharkey DJ, Macpherson AM, Tremellen KP, Mottershead DG, Gilchrist RB, Robertson SA. TGF-beta mediates proinflammatory seminal fluid signaling in human cervical epithelial cells. J Immunol. 2012 Jul 15;189(2):1024-35. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200005. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
PubMed 22706080Laird SM, Tuckerman EM, Dalton CF, Dunphy BC, Li TC, Zhang X. The production of leukaemia inhibitory factor by human endometrium: presence in uterine flushings and production by cells in culture. Hum Reprod. 1997 Mar;12(3):569-74. doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.3.569.
PubMed 9130761Lim KJ, Odukoya OA, Ajjan RA, Li TC, Weetman AP, Cooke ID. The role of T-helper cytokines in human reproduction. Fertil Steril. 2000 Jan;73(1):136-42. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00457-4.
PubMed 10632428von Wolff M, Thaler CJ, Strowitzki T, Broome J, Stolz W, Tabibzadeh S. Regulated expression of cytokines in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle: dysregulation in habitual abortion. Mol Hum Reprod. 2000 Jul;6(7):627-34. doi: 10.1093/molehr/6.7.627.
PubMed 10871650
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Jun 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of Vaginal Intercourse on Pregnancy Rates After Frozen Embryo Transfer; A Single Blinded Randomized Trial.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03974295
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Pro00040515
- Conditions
- Infertility, Pregnancy Related, IVF
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of South FloridaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2019 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 4 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to evaluate whether allowing unprotected vaginal intercourse 24 hours after frozen embryo transfer will result in higher ongoing clinical pregnancy rates in comparison to having participants abstain from unprotected vaginal intercourse until pregnancy test (10-14 days after frozen embryo transfer).
Detailed description
Given the overwhelming evidence suggesting beneficial effect of seminal plasma on embryo implantation, we sought to explore this benefits in in vitro fertilization treatments by limiting the study cohort to those having frozen embryo transfer with programmed hormone replacement for endometrial preparation and some form of parenteral progesterone supplementation. This design will enable us to overcome the concerns and limitations of all previous studies. In this study, patients will be randomized into two groups, group 1 will have their frozen embryo transfer followed by current standard of care (no unprotected vaginal intercourse until pregnancy test) and group 2 will have their frozen embryo transfer followed by unlimited unprotected vaginal intercourse starting 24 hours after transfer. The primary endpoint of the study will be ongoing clinical pregnancy
rates in the two groups while secondary endpoints will include implantation, positive pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth rates. Overall, this study aims to investigate whether the elimination of current universal pelvic rest protocol in patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer will help optimize pregnancy outcomes.
This study aims to evaluate whether allowing unprotected vaginal intercourse 24 hours after frozen embryo transfer will result in higher ongoing clinical pregnancy rates in comparison to having participants abstain from unprotected vaginal intercourse until pregnancy test (10-14 days after frozen embryo transfer).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intercourse Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Vaginal unprotected intercourseunlimited unprotected vaginal intercourse starting 24 hours after the frozen embryo transfer |
| Pelvic Rest Group | No intervention | –pelvic rest after frozen embryo transfer until positive pregnancy test |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 55 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- female fertility patients having frozen embryo transfer
- programmed hormone replacement (Oral Estrace, Vivelle dot (patch), intravenous Estradiol) with and without gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue pretreatment and some form of parenteral progesterone supplementation (daily or every 3 days intramuscular Progesterone) for luteal support
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- unable to provide informed consent
- not undergoing programmed hormone replacement for frozen embryo transfer (natural cycle frozen embryo transfer)
- undergoing fresh embryo transfer
- not able to engage in heterosexual intercourse (same sex couple, partner with severe sexual dysfunction)
- cannot undergo unprotected vaginal intercourse (infected with hepatitis B, C, or human immunodeficiency virus).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Vaginal unprotected intercoursePatients will allowed to engage in vaginal unprotected intercourse as many times as desired after 24 hours of pelvic rest after a frozen embryo transfer. | Behavioural | Intercourse Group |
Primary outcome
Pregnancy rates
Time frame: up to 2 years
A serum quantitative pregnancy test will be performed 10-14 days following the frozen embryo transfer per clinic protocol. Positive pregnancy test is defined a serum quantitative beta hCG > 5 mU/mL.
5 secondary outcomes
Implantation rates
Time frame: up to 2 years
Clinical pregnancy rate
Time frame: up to 2 years
Biochemical pregnancy rate
Time frame: up to 2 years
Miscarriage rate
Time frame: up to 2 years
Live birth rate
Time frame: up to 2 years
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Jun 2019.
- Background: PubMed 23755954Gaikwad S, Garrido N, Cobo A, Pellicer A, Remohi J. Bed rest after embryo transfer negatively affects in vitro fertilization: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Fertil Steril. 2013 Sep;100(3):729-35. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
- Background: PubMed 19590224Lambers MJ, Lambalk CB, Schats R, Hompes PG. Ultrasonographic evidence that bedrest after embryo transfer is useless. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2009;68(2):122-6. doi: 10.1159/000226283. Epub 2009 Jul 3.
- Background: PubMed 11393126Su TJ, Chen YC, Hung YT, Yang YS. Comparative study of daily activities of pregnant and non-pregnant women after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. J Formos Med Assoc. 2001 Apr;100(4):262-8.
- Background: PubMed 21300426Li B, Zhou H, Li W. Bed rest after embryo transfer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011 Apr;155(2):125-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.12.003.
- Background: PubMed 17362946Purcell KJ, Schembri M, Telles TL, Fujimoto VY, Cedars MI. Bed rest after embryo transfer: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2007 Jun;87(6):1322-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.060. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
- Background: PubMed 9436691Botta G, Grudzinskas G. Is a prolonged bed rest following embryo transfer useful? Hum Reprod. 1997 Nov;12(11):2489-92. doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.11.2489.
- Background: PubMed 7593509Sharif K, Afnan M, Lenton W, Khalaf Y, Ebbiary N, Bilalis D, Morgan C. Do patients need to remain in bed following embryo transfer? The Birmingham experience of 103 in-vitro fertilization cycles with no bed rest following embryo transfer. Hum Reprod. 1995 Jun;10(6):1427-9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/10.6.1427.
- Background: PubMed 11464374Rezabek K, Koryntova D, Zivny J. [Does bedrest after embryo transfer cause a worse outcome in in vitro fertilization?]. Ceska Gynekol. 2001 May;66(3):175-8. Czech.
- Background: PubMed 29949304Aoki Y, Kumakiri J, Itakura A, Kikuchi I, Takahashi N, Satoru T. Should sexual intercourse be avoided during the embryo transfer cycle? Life-threatening ruptured heterotopic pregnancy after single thawed embryo transfer: case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2017;44(3):489-491.
- Background: PubMed 26178848Schjenken JE, Robertson SA. Seminal Fluid Signalling in the Female Reproductive Tract: Implications for Reproductive Success and Offspring Health. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;868:127-58. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-18881-2_6.
- Background: PubMed 14614040Gutsche S, von Wolff M, Strowitzki T, Thaler CJ. Seminal plasma induces mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and LIF in endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003 Dec;9(12):785-91. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gag095.
- Background: PubMed 22706080Sharkey DJ, Macpherson AM, Tremellen KP, Mottershead DG, Gilchrist RB, Robertson SA. TGF-beta mediates proinflammatory seminal fluid signaling in human cervical epithelial cells. J Immunol. 2012 Jul 15;189(2):1024-35. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200005. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Vaginal unprotected intercourse in people with Infertility and Pregnancy Related, run by University of South Florida.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Jun 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pregnancy rates (time frame: up to 2 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03974295, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Jun 2019.