Malarone Pharmacokinetics Under Simulated Physiologic Stressors of Deployment

Who cannot join

• 17 years old or younger, 45 years old or older, unable to speak and read English, unable to perform exercise tests safely, and/or unable to consent to participate. Unwilling to undergo blood draws. Have known allergy to sunflower butter or are unwilling or unable to consume 2 tbsp or have an allergy to any component of malarone. Also non abstinent females at risk of becoming pregnant or in a heterosexual sexual relationships must be willing to use there chosen and available form of contraception defined as barrier protection, implantable device or hormones, or oral contraceptive pills during time of study up to 2 months after or abstinence unless previously sterile with tubal ligation 1 year or greater prior to screening or hysterectomy.
• Those with any of the following conditions will also be excluded from the study: history of any of the following: rhabdomyolysis or heat stroke, heart disease, pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, single kidney, chronic hepatitis, diabetes, seizure disorders, multiple sclerosis, COPD, asthma, sickle cell trait or disease, thalassemia, thyroid disease, cancer, chronic infections such as history of HIV, HEP B or HEP C, or rheumatologic disorder; current pregnancy or lactation, systolic blood pressure over 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure over 90 mm Hg; anemia (hematocrit lower than 36% for women and 38% for men and hemoglobin below 11g/dL for women and 12g/dL for men); diabetes (blood glucose above 110 mg/dL); use of any medications for chronic medical conditions (such as glucose-lowering drugs, prednisone, or beta blockers); or any condition that leads to inability to run safely on a treadmill. Non systemic drugs for skin condition or seasonal allergies will not be a disqualifier. Any volunteers identified during the cardiac risk assessment as above low risk will also be excluded from the study. The ACSM guidelines for exclusion criteria identify low-risk individuals as younger than 45, without history of CVD, and with no more than one risk factor according to the ACSM Risk Stratification Questionnaire for stratification. Risk factors include family history of heart disease, smoking status, hypertension with a blood pressure above 140/90, hypercholesterolemia with cholesterol over 200 mg/dL, fasting glucose over 110 mg/dL, obesity with a percent body fat >25% for men or > 30% for women, and (be consistent throughout including ICD) sedentary lifestyle. The monitoring physician can also exclude a volunteer based on his or her medical opinion given the results of a physical exam and/or EKG results.
• Initial screening for history will be performed by phone interview with requested waived consent. Those not able to achieve 80% pass on ICD test in 2 tries or less.