Zinc OxideNCT04000386
A Study of Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Coated Socks in Prevention of Unpleasant Foot Odor
A study testing zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in people with Zinc Oxide and Foot Dermatoses, run by Mahidol University at 1 site in Thailand.
Trial summary
This study aimed to study the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Zinc Oxide, Foot Dermatoses
- What is being tested?
- zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 124 participants
- Where
- 1 siteThailand
- Study dates
- 26 Jun 2019to 25 Feb 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- First-year naval rating cadets, who had no pedal malodor
Who cannot join
- The cadets who previously received any topical treatment including topical antibiotic, antiperspirant or aluminum chloride within 6 months prior to the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study aimed to study the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor
Read the detailed description
Introduction Pitted keratolysis is a common skin disease, caused by various gram-positive bacteria including Corynebacterium species, Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermatophilus congolensis and Actinomyces species. These bacteria create small tunnels in the stratum corneum, causing pitted lesions at plantar areas. This condition is frequent accompanied by feet malodor and is commonly found in young male adults, especially in soldiers, miners and athletes. The reported prevalence of pitted keratolysis among naval cadets in Thailand was 38.7%. Predisposing factors related to pitted keratolysis are pedal hyperhidrosis and prolonged feet occlusion. Although this condition is generally not painful, our previous study in 2018 revealed adversely affects patients' quality of life.
Regarding treatment modalities of pitted keratolysis, various medications and life-style modification have been recommended. Previous studies revealed efficacy of topical choices, including benzoyl peroxide gel, clindamycin-benzoyl peroxide gel, glycopyrrolate cream, erythromycin gel, clindamycin solution, chlorhexidine scrub4 and mupirocin ointment. Oral antibiotics and botulinum toxin injection were also beneficial in pitted keratolysis. As to life-style modification, wearing cotton socks and opened footwear, and proper hygiene, have also been suggested.
Previous studies demonstrated efficacy of zinc oxide in broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Thus, zinc oxide has been used in various medical and apparel industrial products. Moreover, Commander Choopong Chailark invented socks coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles and reported antibacterial property of those socks.
Objective The present study aimed to study the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor
Material and Methods First-year naval rating cadets, who had no pedal malodor were invited to enroll in this study. Consent was informed and obtained from all participants. Participants were assessed for behavioral risk factors and level of foot odor measured by a self-assessed visual analogue scale (VAS), using questionnaires. Subjects were randomly assigned either zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks or ordinary socks.During the study, using of other topical treatment such as topical antibiotics, antiperspirant or aluminum chloride was not allowed. Participants were advised to wear those socks every day and regularly washed thier socks. All were able to regularly participate in physical military training during the study. Two weeks after the study clinical examinations by dermatologists and the cadets' self-assessment questionnaires, including feet odor by using VAS, treatment satisfaction and adverse effects, were used to evaluate the effectiveness. Pitted lesions improvement at plantar areas, evaluated by dermatologists, was divided into no improvement, slight improvement (decrease of pitted lesions at feet for 1 level) and much improvement (decrease of pitted lesions at feet for at least 2 level). Data were analyzed using Predictive Analytics SoftWare Statistics version 18 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Duration of study: 4 months
Study design: Randomized control trial
- Conditions
- Zinc Oxide, Foot Dermatoses
- Being tested
- zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks, placebo socks
- Keywords
- Pitted keratolysis, zinc oxide, Foot Odor, preventsion
- Medical subject headings
- Foot Dermatoses
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socksOther
zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks were given to subjects for 2 weeks
placebo socksOther
placebo socks were given to subjects for 2 weeks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks | Experimental | 62 patients with zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks Receives: Other: zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks |
| placebo | Placebo comparator | 62 patients with placebo socks Receives: Other: placebo socks |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor
Effectiveness was evaluated by the number of patients who had no or minimal foot odor after prevention
Measured: 2 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of fungal feet infection
Effectiveness was evaluated by the number of patients who had no fungal feet infection after prevention
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jun 2019
- Study start26 Jun 2019
- Primary completion1 Feb 2021
- Study completion25 Feb 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Zinc OxideStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Mahidol UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Parallel Assignment
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 124 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mahidol University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04000386
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- zincoxide_PK
- Status last verified
- Feb 2021
- First submitted
- 26 Jun 2019
- Last updated
- 1 Mar 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
de Almeida HL Jr, Siqueira RN, Meireles Rda S, Rampon G, de Castro LA, Silva RM. Pitted keratolysis. An Bras Dermatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;91(1):106-8. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164096.
PubMed 26982791Makhecha M, Dass S, Singh T, Gandhi R, Yadav T, Rathod D. Pitted keratolysis - a study of various clinical manifestations. Int J Dermatol. 2017 Nov;56(11):1154-1160. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13744. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
PubMed 28924971van der Snoek EM, Ekkelenkamp MB, Suykerbuyk JC. Pitted keratolysis; physicians' treatment and their perceptions in Dutch army personnel. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Sep;27(9):1120-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04674.x. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
PubMed 22882561Leeyaphan C, Bunyaratavej S, Taychakhoonavudh S, Kulthanachairojana N, Pattanaprichakul P, Chanyachailert P, Ongsri P, Arunkajohnsak S, Limphoka P, Kulthanan K. Cost-effectiveness analysis and safety of erythromycin 4% gel and 4% chlorhexidine scrub for pitted keratolysis treatment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019 Sep;30(6):627-629. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1543846. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
PubMed 30415588Vlahovic TC, Dunn SP, Kemp K. The use of a clindamycin 1%-benzoyl peroxide 5% topical gel in the treatment of pitted keratolysis: a novel therapy. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2009 Dec;22(12):564-6. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000363468.18117.fe. No abstract available.
PubMed 19935134Bunyaratavej S, Leeyaphan C, Chanyachailert P, Pattanaprichakul P, Ongsri P, Kulthanan K. Clinical manifestations, risk factors and quality of life in patients with pitted keratolysis: a cross-sectional study in cadets. Br J Dermatol. 2018 Nov;179(5):1220-1221. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16923. Epub 2018 Sep 14. No abstract available.
PubMed 29951993Burkhart CG. Pitted keratolysis: a new form of treatment. Arch Dermatol. 1980 Oct;116(10):1104. No abstract available.
PubMed 7425659Balic A, Bukvic Mokos Z, Marinovic B, Ledic Drvar D. Tatami Mats: A Source of Pitted Keratolysis in a Martial Arts Athlete? Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2018 Apr;26(1):68-70.
PubMed 29782305Kontochristopoulos G, Sidiropoulou P, Tzanetakou V, Markantoni V, Platsidaki E, Agiasofitou E, Rigopoulos D, Gregoriou S. Managing pitted keratolysis: consider topical glycopyrrolate. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2019 Aug;44(6):713-714. doi: 10.1111/ced.13851. Epub 2018 Dec 4. No abstract available.
PubMed 30515854Pranteda G, Carlesimo M, Pranteda G, Abruzzese C, Grimaldi M, De Micco S, Muscianese M, Bottoni U. Pitted keratolysis, erythromycin, and hyperhidrosis. Dermatol Ther. 2014 Mar-Apr;27(2):101-4. doi: 10.1111/dth.12064. Epub 2013 May 24.
PubMed 24703267Greywal T, Cohen PR. Pitted keratolysis: successful management with mupirocin 2% ointment monotherapy. Dermatol Online J. 2015 Aug 15;21(8):13030/qt6155v9wk.
PubMed 26437161Vazquez-Lopez F, Perez-Oliva N. Mupirocine ointment for symptomatic pitted keratolysis. Infection. 1996 Jan-Feb;24(1):55. doi: 10.1007/BF01780656. No abstract available.
PubMed 8852468Tamura BM, Cuce LC, Souza RL, Levites J. Plantar hyperhidrosis and pitted keratolysis treated with botulinum toxin injection. Dermatol Surg. 2004 Dec;30(12 Pt 2):1510-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30553.x.
PubMed 15606827Fiedot-Tobola M, Ciesielska M, Maliszewska I, Rac-Rumijowska O, Suchorska-Wozniak P, Teterycz H, Bryjak M. Deposition of Zinc Oxide on Different Polymer Textiles and Their Antibacterial Properties. Materials (Basel). 2018 Apr 30;11(5):707. doi: 10.3390/ma11050707.
PubMed 29710873Raghunath A, Perumal E. Metal oxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents: a promise for the future. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017 Feb;49(2):137-152. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.011. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
PubMed 28089172
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Study of Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Coated Socks in Prevention of Unpleasant Foot Odor
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04000386
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- zincoxide_PK
- Conditions
- Zinc Oxide, Foot Dermatoses
- Keywords
- Pitted keratolysis, zinc oxide, Foot Odor, preventsion
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 124 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mahidol UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 26 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Feb 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to study the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor
Detailed description
Introduction Pitted keratolysis is a common skin disease, caused by various gram-positive bacteria including Corynebacterium species, Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermatophilus congolensis and Actinomyces species. These bacteria create small tunnels in the stratum corneum, causing pitted lesions at plantar areas. This condition is frequent accompanied by feet malodor and is commonly found in young male adults, especially in soldiers, miners and athletes. The reported prevalence of pitted keratolysis among naval cadets in Thailand was 38.7%. Predisposing factors related to pitted keratolysis are pedal hyperhidrosis and prolonged feet occlusion. Although this condition is generally not painful, our previous study in 2018 revealed adversely affects patients' quality of life.
Regarding treatment modalities of pitted keratolysis, various medications and life-style modification have been recommended. Previous studies revealed efficacy of topical choices, including benzoyl peroxide gel, clindamycin-benzoyl peroxide gel, glycopyrrolate cream, erythromycin gel, clindamycin solution, chlorhexidine scrub4 and mupirocin ointment. Oral antibiotics and botulinum toxin injection were also beneficial in pitted keratolysis. As to life-style modification, wearing cotton socks and opened footwear, and proper hygiene, have also been suggested.
Previous studies demonstrated efficacy of zinc oxide in broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Thus, zinc oxide has been used in various medical and apparel industrial products. Moreover, Commander Choopong Chailark invented socks coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles and reported antibacterial property of those socks.
Objective The present study aimed to study the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor
Material and Methods First-year naval rating cadets, who had no pedal malodor were invited to enroll in this study. Consent was informed and obtained from all participants. Participants were assessed for behavioral risk factors and level of foot odor measured by a self-assessed visual analogue scale (VAS), using questionnaires. Subjects were randomly assigned either zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks or ordinary socks.During the study, using of other topical treatment such as topical antibiotics, antiperspirant or aluminum chloride was not allowed. Participants were advised to wear those socks every day and regularly washed thier socks. All were able to regularly participate in physical military training during the study. Two weeks after the study clinical examinations by dermatologists and the cadets' self-assessment questionnaires, including feet odor by using VAS, treatment satisfaction and adverse effects, were used to evaluate the effectiveness. Pitted lesions improvement at plantar areas, evaluated by dermatologists, was divided into no improvement, slight improvement (decrease of pitted lesions at feet for 1 level) and much improvement (decrease of pitted lesions at feet for at least 2 level). Data were analyzed using Predictive Analytics SoftWare Statistics version 18 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Duration of study: 4 months
Study design: Randomized control trial
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Parallel Assignment
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks | Experimental | Other: zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks62 patients with zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks |
| placebo | Placebo comparator | Other: placebo socks62 patients with placebo socks |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- First-year naval rating cadets, who had no pedal malodor
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- The cadets who previously received any topical treatment including topical antibiotic, antiperspirant or aluminum chloride within 6 months prior to the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| zinc oxide nanoparticles coated sockszinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks were given to subjects for 2 weeks | Other | zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks |
| placebo socksplacebo socks were given to subjects for 2 weeks | Other | placebo |
Primary outcome
Effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effectiveness was evaluated by the number of patients who had no or minimal foot odor after prevention
1 secondary outcome
Effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of fungal feet infection
Time frame: 2 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Mar 2021.
- Results publication: PubMed 26982791de Almeida HL Jr, Siqueira RN, Meireles Rda S, Rampon G, de Castro LA, Silva RM. Pitted keratolysis. An Bras Dermatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;91(1):106-8. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164096.
- Results publication: PubMed 28924971Makhecha M, Dass S, Singh T, Gandhi R, Yadav T, Rathod D. Pitted keratolysis - a study of various clinical manifestations. Int J Dermatol. 2017 Nov;56(11):1154-1160. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13744. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 22882561van der Snoek EM, Ekkelenkamp MB, Suykerbuyk JC. Pitted keratolysis; physicians' treatment and their perceptions in Dutch army personnel. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Sep;27(9):1120-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04674.x. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
- Results publication: PubMed 30415588Leeyaphan C, Bunyaratavej S, Taychakhoonavudh S, Kulthanachairojana N, Pattanaprichakul P, Chanyachailert P, Ongsri P, Arunkajohnsak S, Limphoka P, Kulthanan K. Cost-effectiveness analysis and safety of erythromycin 4% gel and 4% chlorhexidine scrub for pitted keratolysis treatment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019 Sep;30(6):627-629. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1543846. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 19935134Vlahovic TC, Dunn SP, Kemp K. The use of a clindamycin 1%-benzoyl peroxide 5% topical gel in the treatment of pitted keratolysis: a novel therapy. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2009 Dec;22(12):564-6. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000363468.18117.fe. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 29951993Bunyaratavej S, Leeyaphan C, Chanyachailert P, Pattanaprichakul P, Ongsri P, Kulthanan K. Clinical manifestations, risk factors and quality of life in patients with pitted keratolysis: a cross-sectional study in cadets. Br J Dermatol. 2018 Nov;179(5):1220-1221. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16923. Epub 2018 Sep 14. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 7425659Burkhart CG. Pitted keratolysis: a new form of treatment. Arch Dermatol. 1980 Oct;116(10):1104. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 29782305Balic A, Bukvic Mokos Z, Marinovic B, Ledic Drvar D. Tatami Mats: A Source of Pitted Keratolysis in a Martial Arts Athlete? Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2018 Apr;26(1):68-70.
- Results publication: PubMed 30515854Kontochristopoulos G, Sidiropoulou P, Tzanetakou V, Markantoni V, Platsidaki E, Agiasofitou E, Rigopoulos D, Gregoriou S. Managing pitted keratolysis: consider topical glycopyrrolate. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2019 Aug;44(6):713-714. doi: 10.1111/ced.13851. Epub 2018 Dec 4. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 24703267Pranteda G, Carlesimo M, Pranteda G, Abruzzese C, Grimaldi M, De Micco S, Muscianese M, Bottoni U. Pitted keratolysis, erythromycin, and hyperhidrosis. Dermatol Ther. 2014 Mar-Apr;27(2):101-4. doi: 10.1111/dth.12064. Epub 2013 May 24.
- Results publication: PubMed 26437161Greywal T, Cohen PR. Pitted keratolysis: successful management with mupirocin 2% ointment monotherapy. Dermatol Online J. 2015 Aug 15;21(8):13030/qt6155v9wk.
- Results publication: PubMed 8852468Vazquez-Lopez F, Perez-Oliva N. Mupirocine ointment for symptomatic pitted keratolysis. Infection. 1996 Jan-Feb;24(1):55. doi: 10.1007/BF01780656. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in people with Zinc Oxide and Foot Dermatoses, run by Mahidol University at 1 site in Thailand.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Thailand. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor (time frame: 2 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04000386, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Mar 2021.