StrokeC3FITNCT04000971
Coordinated, Collaborative, Comprehensive, Family-based, Integrated, Technology-enabled Stroke Care
A study testing Integrated Stroke Practice Unit and Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center in people with Stroke and Stroke, Ischemic, run by Vanderbilt University Medical Center at 21 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States (US). Stroke is a complex disease with multiple interacting risk factors (including genetic, high blood pressure and cholesterol, and lifestyle factors like smoking, diet, and exercise) that lead to initial and… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke, Stroke, Ischemic, Stroke, Acute
- What is being tested?
- Integrated Stroke Practice Unit and Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,196 participants
- Where
- 21 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 25 Feb 2020to 30 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18+.
- Clinical diagnosis of acute stroke with brain imaging compatible with intracerebral hemorrhage or ischemic stroke (including normal brain scan); see International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD 10) codes.
- English or Spanish speaking subjects.
- Patient admitted within 7 days of their index stroke event.
- Patient is discharged alive and not to hospice care.
- Patient living at discharge within the geography of recruitment for that C3FIT site.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Pre-morbid Modified Rankin Score (mRS) score of 0-1.
- Patient and/or surrogate give consent to participate after an informed consent process.
- Patients who go to rehabilitation inpatient therapy or other care facilities are eligible, as long as they reside in the geographic are of recruitment and do not go to hospice care.
Who cannot join
- Clinical transient ischemic attack (TIA)38-41 is excluded even if there is a computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion corresponding to the clinical syndrome at presentation.
- Already enrolled or planned enrollment in another clinical trial for which participation in C3FIT would be compromised with regard to follow-up assessment of outcomes or continuation in C3FIT.
- Patients with a planned admission to hospice care prior to consent.
- Patients not anticipated to survive for 1-year due to neurological or other medical status (i.e., advanced cancer, hospice care, heart disease, etc.).
- Patients who in the opinion of the site investigator cannot be involved in follow up care.
- Inability or unwillingness of subject or legal guardian/representative to understand and cooperate with study procedures or provide informed consent.
Trial locations and contacts
21 sites in 1 country.
21 sites in 1 country
United States21 sites
University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
Emory University/Grady Health
Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
Augusta University Medical Center
Augusta, Georgia, 30912
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, 35233
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, 60611
Ohio Health Riverside Methodist Hospital
Columbus, Ohio, 43214
Doctors Hospital Renaissance
Edinburg, Texas, 78539
Hartford Hospital
Hartford, Connecticut, 06102
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida, 32224
Johnson City Medical Center at Ballad Health
Johnson City, Tennessee, 37604
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas, 66160
Covenant Health Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center
Knoxville, Tennessee, 37916
Intermountain
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89128
University of Louisville Hospital
Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
University of Wisconsin Madison
Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
Baptist Memorial Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee, 38120
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee, 37322
Mayo Clinic Hospital
Phoenix, Arizona, 85054
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
Penn State
State College, Pennsylvania, 16802
About this study
Official title: C3FIT (Coordinated, Collaborative, Comprehensive, Family-based, Integrated, Technology-enabled Care): A Randomized Trial for Stroke
Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States (US). Stroke is a complex disease with multiple interacting risk factors (including genetic, high blood pressure and cholesterol, and lifestyle factors like smoking, diet, and exercise) that lead to initial and recurrent stroke. Up to 90% of stroke survivors have some functional deficit that impacts both physical and mental health.
Read the detailed description
Scientific evidence that identifies the best stroke care delivery design is lacking. We completed a three-year, Centers for Medicare \& Medicaid Services (CMS) Health Care Innovation Award that tested a new stroke care design called an Integrated Practice Unit (IPU). This IPU was developed through stakeholder input from patients, caregivers, nurses, stroke specialists, rehabilitation specialists, patient advocacy groups, payers, and technology companies. This IPU design was associated with decreased hospital length of stay, readmissions, and stroke recurrence, as well as lower cost.
Based on the CMS study, a larger, pragmatic trial was developed that is called C3FIT (Coordinated, Collaborative, Comprehensive, Family-based, Integrated, and Technology-enabled Stroke Care). C3FIT will randomly assign approximately 22 US hospital sites to continue Joint Commission-certified Comprehensive/Primary (CSC/PSC) design or to the novel Integrated Stroke Practice Unit (ISPU) design for stroke care. C3FIT's ISPU uses team-based, enhanced collaboration (called Stroke Central) and follows patients from presentation at the Emergency Department (ED) through 12-months post-discharge (called Stroke Mobile). Stroke Mobile includes a nurse and lay health educator team who visit patients and caregivers at home or at a rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility to assess function and quality of life using telehealth technology to facilitate access to multiple providers. Results from C3FIT will provide high quality scientific evidence to determine the best stroke care design that ensures positive health for patients and caregivers.
- Conditions
- Stroke, Stroke, Ischemic, Stroke, Acute, Stroke Sequelae, Engagement, Patient, Stroke Hemorrhagic
- Being tested
- Integrated Stroke Practice Unit, Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center
- Keywords
- Technology-enabled, Engagement, caregiver, Team-based, Integrated Care
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke, Ischemic Stroke, Patient Participation, Hemorrhagic Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Integrated Stroke Practice UnitOther
Also called ISPU
Care teams will follow patients in their home or rehabilitation/skilled nursing facility monthly for 12 visits to assess recovery, manage risk factors, and increase understanding and build positive behavior change for patients and caregivers. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months.
Comprehensive or Primary Stroke CenterOther
Also called CSC/PSC
Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated Stroke Practice Unit (ISPU) | Active comparator | ISPU personnel will continue with care provided under the Joint Commission-certified CSC/PSC design, including a 30-day clinic visit post-discharge. This will be supplemented by a more integrated model designed to increase coordination through team-based initiatives across the continuum of care for stroke - from acute and in-hospital care through 12 months post-discharge. Care teams will follow patients in their home or rehabilitation/skilled nursing facility monthly for 12 visits to assess recovery, manage risk factors, increase understanding, and build positive behavior change for patients and caregivers. Primary outcomes will be assessed by phone at 3, 6, and 12 months; secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Receives: Other: Integrated Stroke Practice Unit |
| Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center (CSC/PSC) | Active comparator | CSC/PSC personnel will continue with care provided under the Joint Commission-certified CSC/PSC design, including a 30-day clinic visit post-discharge, follow-up clinic visits as recommended by their outpatient provider, and other clinic visits initiated by the patient when issues arise. Primary outcomes will be assessed by phone at 3, 6, and 12 months; secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Receives: Other: Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at 12-months Post-discharge
59-item questionnaire to assess aspects of patient quality of life following stroke; includes 8 dimensions assessed on a 5-point Likert scale that are summed by domain. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating less difficulty.
Measured: 12 months post-stroke
Modified Rankin Scale at 12 Months Post-stroke
The Modified Rankin Score (mRS) is a widely used scale to measure the degree of disability or dependence in daily activities of individuals who have suffered a stroke. Scores were categorized as 0-2 or >2.
Overview of the Modified Rankin Scale
- 0: No symptoms at all
- 1: No significant disability; able to carry out all usual activities
- 2: Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance
- 3: Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk unassisted
- 4: Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance
- 5: Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent, and requiring constant nursing care
- 6: Dead
Measured: 12 months post-stroke
Secondary outcomes (35)
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at 3-months Post-discharge
59-item questionnaire to assess aspects of patient quality of life following stroke; includes 8 dimensions assessed on a 5-point Likert scale that are summed by domain. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating less difficulty.
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at 6-months Post-discharge
59-item questionnaire to assess aspects of patient quality of life following stroke; includes 8 dimensions assessed on a 5-point Likert scale that are summed by domain. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating less difficulty.
Measured: 6-months post-discharge
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3-months Post-discharge
The Modified Rankin Score (mRS) is a widely used scale to measure the degree of disability or dependence in daily activities of individuals who have suffered a stroke. Scores were categorized as 0-2 or >2.
Overview of the Modified Rankin Scale
- 0: No symptoms at all
- 1: No significant disability; able to carry out all usual activities
- 2: Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance
- 3: Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk unassisted
- 4: Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance
- 5: Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent, and requiring constant nursing care
- 6: Dead
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6-months Post-discharge
The Modified Rankin Score (mRS) is a widely used scale to measure the degree of disability or dependence in daily activities of individuals who have suffered a stroke. Scores were categorized as 0-2 or >2.
Overview of the Modified Rankin Scale
- 0: No symptoms at all
- 1: No significant disability; able to carry out all usual activities
- 2: Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance
- 3: Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk unassisted
- 4: Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance
- 5: Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent, and requiring constant nursing care
- 6: Dead
Measured: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Pressure Control (BP) at 3-months Post-discharge
To assess BP control through measurement of a seated patient using a blood pressure cuff; controlled BP is 120-130/80 or below for ischemic stroke patients and 140/80 or below for hemorrhagic stroke patients.
Measured: 3-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors-Blood Pressure (BP) at 6-months Post-discharge
To assess BP control through measurement of a seated patient using a blood pressure cuff; controlled BP is 120-130/80 or below for ischemic stroke patients and 140/80 or below for hemorrhagic stroke patients.
Measured: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors-BP at 12-months Post-discharge
To assess BP control through measurement of a seated patient using a blood pressure cuff; controlled BP is 120-130/80 or below for ischemic stroke patients and 140/80 or below for hemorrhagic stroke patients.
Measured: 12-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Cholesterol (LDL) at 3-months Post-discharge
To assess LDL/lipids control through a LDL or lipids blood draw (standard of care) for patients with elevated cholesterol at baseline (prior to hospital discharge); controlled LDL is less than/equal to 70 for stroke patients.
Measured: 3-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Cholesterol (LDL) at 6-months Post-discharge
To assess LDL/lipids control through a LDL or lipids blood draw (standard of care) for patients with elevated cholesterol at baseline (prior to hospital discharge); controlled LDL is less than/equal to 70 for stroke patients.
Measured: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Cholesterol (LDL) at 12-months Post-discharge
To assess LDL/lipids control through a LDL or lipids blood draw (standard of care) for patients with elevated cholesterol at baseline (prior to hospital discharge); controlled LDL is less than/equal to 70 for stroke patients.
Measured: 12-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Sugar (HgBA1c) at 3-months Post-discharge
To assess blood sugar control through a HgBA1c blood draw (standard of care) for patients with elevated blood sugar at baseline (prior to hospital discharge); controlled HgBA1c is less than/equal to 7% for stroke patients.
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Sugar (HgBA1c) at 6-months Post-discharge
To assess blood sugar control through a HgBA1c blood draw (standard of care) for patients with elevated blood sugar at baseline (prior to hospital discharge); controlled HgBA1c is less than/equal to 7% for stroke patients.
Measured: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Sugar (HgBA1c) at 12-months Post-discharge
To assess blood sugar control through a HgBA1c blood draw (standard of care) for patients with elevated blood sugar at baseline (prior to hospital discharge); controlled HgBA1c is less than/equal to 7% for stroke patients.
Measured: 12-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2 at 3-months Post-discharge
To assess weight status by measuring patients' weight and height and applying a formula; patients with normal weight have BMI kg/m*2=18.5-24.9 (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m^2 is underweight, and BMI 25.0 kg/m^2 or above is overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9 kg/m^2 ) or obese (BMI=30.0 kg/m^2 or above).
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2 at 6-months Post-discharge
To assess weight status by measuring patients' weight and height and applying a formula; patients with normal weight have BMI kg/m*2=18.5-24.9 (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m^2 is underweight, and BMI 25.0 kg/m^2 or above is overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9 kg/m^2) or obese (BMI=30.0 kg/m2 or above).
Measured: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2 at 12-months Post-discharge
To assess weight status by measuring patients' weight and height and applying a formula; patients with normal weight have BMI kg/m*2=18.5-24.9 (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m^2 is underweight, and BMI 25.0 kg/m^2 or above is overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9 kg/m^2) or obese (BMI=30.0 kg/m^2 or above). All measures are in kg/m*2
Measured: 12-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Diet at 3-months Post-discharge
Participants were asked one yes/no question to measure awareness of and adherence to the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan and the Mediterranean Diet. Total number of yes scores is provided where a yes score indicates better adherence to the dietary pattern and therefore in control and a no answer indicated poorer adherence and not in control.
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Diet at 6-months Post-discharge
Participants were asked one yes/no question to measure awareness of and adherence to the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan and the Mediterranean Diet. Total number of yes scores is provided where a yes score indicates better adherence to the dietary pattern and therefore in control and a no answer indicated poorer adherence and not in control.
Measured: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Diet at 12-months Post-discharge
Participants were asked one yes/no question to measure awareness of and adherence to the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan and the Mediterranean Diet. Total number of yes scores is provided where a yes score indicates better adherence to the dietary pattern and therefore in control and a no answer indicated poorer adherence and not in control.
Measured: 12-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Smoking Status/Cessation at 3-months Post-discharge
Participants who ever smoked were asked one yes/no question "Do you smoke now?" to measure compliance with the smoking cessation recommendation. Total number of participants answering yes indicates adherence to the smoking cessation recommendation pattern and therefore in-control while a no answer indicates non-adherence and not in control.
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Smoking Status/Cessation at 6-months Post-discharge
Participants who ever smoked were asked one yes/no question "Do you smoke now?" to measure compliance with the smoking cessation recommendation. Total number of participants answering yes indicates adherence to the smoking cessation recommendation pattern and therefore in-control while a no answer indicates non-adherence and not in control.
Measured: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Smoking Status/Cessation at 12-months Post-discharge
Participants who ever smoked were asked one yes/no question "Do you smoke now?" to measure compliance with the smoking cessation recommendation. Total number of participants answering yes indicates adherence to the smoking cessation recommendation pattern and therefore in-control while a no answer indicates non-adherence and not in control.
Measured: 12-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Exercise at 3-months Post-discharge
To assess self-reported adherence to American Stroke Association exercise guidelines (patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) who are capable of at least moderate-intensity aerobic activity for a minimum of 10 minutes 4x per week, or vigorous intensity activity for a minimum of 20 minutes 2x per week is indicated) except as modified by the participants physician or physical therapist, Participants were asked one yes/no question to measure awareness of and adherence to the exercise recommendations Total number of participants with a yes score indicates adherence to the exercise recommendation pattern and therefore in-control while a no answer indicates non-adherence to the recommendation and not in control. .
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Exercise at 6-months Post-discharge
To assess self-reported adherence to American Stroke Association exercise guidelines (patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) who are capable of at least moderate-intensity aerobic activity for a minimum of 10 minutes 4x per week, or vigorous intensity activity for a minimum of 20 minutes 2x per week is indicated) except as modified by the participants physician or physical therapist, Participants were asked one yes/no question to measure awareness of and adherence to the exercise recommendations Total number of participants with a yes score indicates adherence to the exercise recommendation pattern and therefore in-control while a no answer indicates non-adherence to the recommendation and not in control. .
Measured: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Exercise at 12-months Post-discharge
To assess self-reported adherence to American Stroke Association exercise guidelines (patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) who are capable of at least moderate-intensity aerobic activity for a minimum of 10 minutes 4x per week, or vigorous intensity activity for a minimum of 20 minutes 2x per week is indicated) except as modified by the participants physician or physical therapist, Participants were asked one yes/no question to measure awareness of and adherence to the exercise recommendations Total number of participants with a yes score indicates adherence to the exercise recommendation pattern and therefore in-control while a no answer indicates non-adherence to the recommendation and not in control. .
Measured: 12-months post-stroke
Mortality at 12-months Post-discharge
Mortality following stroke will be assessed with family member, through study personnel, and/or using public sources.
Measured: 12-months post-discharge
Rehospitalization
Rehospitalization following stroke will be assessed/confirmed with study personnel.
Measured: 12-months post-stroke
Recurrence
Recurrence of stroke will be assessed/confirmed with study personnel.
Measured: 12-months post-stroke
Time at Home
Time spent at home compared to institution assessed/confirmed with study personnel. Time at home is the proportion of time the participant spent at home out of their time at risk in this study (defined as being alive and with known status). The time at home is defined by subtracting time during hospitalization/rehabilitation/skilled nursing from the total time at risk and divided by total time at risk to get the proportion of time at home.
Measured: 12-months post-stroke
Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 3-months Post-discharge
9-item questionnaire to assess presence and/or severity of patient depression (includes an additional question to assess difficulty that doesn't impact scoring); scores range from 0-27, with 0=No depression, 1-4=Minimal depression, 5-9=Mild depression, 10-14=Moderate depression, 15-19=Moderately severe depression; and 20-27=Severe depression.
Measured: 3-months post-discharge
Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 6-months Post-discharge
Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 3-months post-discharge 9-item questionnaire to assess presence and/or severity of patient depression (includes an additional question to assess difficulty that doesn't impact scoring); scores range from 0-27, with 0=No depression, 1-4=Minimal depression, 5-9=Mild depression, 10-14=Moderate depression, 15-19=Moderately severe depression; and 20-27=Severe depression.
Measured: 6-months post-discharge
Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 12-months Post-discharge
9-item questionnaire to assess presence and/or severity of patient depression (includes an additional question to assess difficulty that doesn't impact scoring); scores range from 0-27, with 0=No depression, 1-4=Minimal depression, 5-9=Mild depression, 10-14=Moderate depression, 15-19=Moderately severe depression; and 20-27=Severe depression.
Measured: 12-months post-discharge
Modified Caregiver Strain Index (mCSI) at 3-months Post-discharge
13-item questionnaire to assess the level of strain in caregivers. Scores can range from 0-26, with higher scores indicating increased caregiver strain. Mean scores for each arm are provided and standard deviation of the mean.
Measured: 3-months post-stroke
Modified Caregiver Strain Index (mCSI) at 6-months Post-discharge
13-item questionnaire to assess the level of strain in caregivers, with higher scores indicating increased caregiver strain.
Measured: 6-months post-discharge
Modified Caregiver Strain Index (mCSI) at 12-months Post-discharge
13-item questionnaire to assess the level of strain in caregivers. Scores can range from 0-26, with higher scores indicating increased caregiver strain. Mean scores for each arm are provided and standard deviation of the mean.
Measured: 12-months post-discharge
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jun 2019
- Study start25 Feb 2020
- Primary completion30 Sep 2024
- Study completion30 Sep 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Vanderbilt University Medical CenterThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Pragmatic randomized trial of approximately 22 clinical sites in the United States; randomization is by clinical site.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 1,196 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Kenneth Gaines, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Investigators
- Kenneth Gaines, MD, Principal investigator, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterBarry Jackson, Principal investigatorGeorge Howard, DrPH, Principal investigator, University of Alabama at Birmingham
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04000971
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- C3FIT
- Acronym
- C3FIT
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 25 Jun 2019
- Last updated
- 15 May 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Commiskey P, Long DL, Howard VJ, Braunlin J, Howard G, Cochran D, Jackson B, Bell D, Hill D, Callahan AE, Gaines K. Design and methods of a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial of post-discharge stroke care. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Jun;153:107890. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.107890. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
PubMed 40189199
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- C3FIT (Coordinated, Collaborative, Comprehensive, Family-based, Integrated, Technology-enabled Care): A Randomized Trial for Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04000971
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- C3FIT / C3FIT
- Conditions
- Stroke, Stroke, Ischemic, Stroke, Acute, Stroke Sequelae, Engagement, Patient, Stroke Hemorrhagic
- Keywords
- Technology-enabled, Engagement, caregiver, Team-based, Integrated Care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,196 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Vanderbilt University Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Study start
- 25 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 15 May 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States (US). Stroke is a complex disease with multiple interacting risk factors (including genetic, high blood pressure and cholesterol, and lifestyle factors like smoking, diet, and exercise) that lead to initial and recurrent stroke. Up to 90% of stroke survivors have some functional deficit that impacts both physical and mental health.
Detailed description
Scientific evidence that identifies the best stroke care delivery design is lacking. We completed a three-year, Centers for Medicare \& Medicaid Services (CMS) Health Care Innovation Award that tested a new stroke care design called an Integrated Practice Unit (IPU). This IPU was developed through stakeholder input from patients, caregivers, nurses, stroke specialists, rehabilitation specialists, patient advocacy groups, payers, and technology companies. This IPU design was associated with decreased hospital length of stay, readmissions, and stroke recurrence, as well as lower cost.
Based on the CMS study, a larger, pragmatic trial was developed that is called C3FIT (Coordinated, Collaborative, Comprehensive, Family-based, Integrated, and Technology-enabled Stroke Care). C3FIT will randomly assign approximately 22 US hospital sites to continue Joint Commission-certified Comprehensive/Primary (CSC/PSC) design or to the novel Integrated Stroke Practice Unit (ISPU) design for stroke care. C3FIT's ISPU uses team-based, enhanced collaboration (called Stroke Central) and follows patients from presentation at the Emergency Department (ED) through 12-months post-discharge (called Stroke Mobile). Stroke Mobile includes a nurse and lay health educator team who visit patients and caregivers at home or at a rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility to assess function and quality of life using telehealth technology to facilitate access to multiple providers. Results from C3FIT will provide high quality scientific evidence to determine the best stroke care design that ensures positive health for patients and caregivers.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Pragmatic randomized trial of approximately 22 clinical sites in the United States; randomization is by clinical site.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated Stroke Practice Unit (ISPU) | Active comparator | Other: Integrated Stroke Practice UnitISPU personnel will continue with care provided under the Joint Commission-certified CSC/PSC design, including a 30-day clinic visit post-discharge. This will be supplemented by a more integrated model designed to increase coordination through team-based initiatives across the continuum of care for stroke - from acute and in-hospital care through 12 months post-discharge. Care teams will follow patients in their home or rehabilitation/skilled nursing facility monthly for 12 visits to assess recovery, manage risk factors, increase understanding, and build positive behavior change for patients and caregivers. Primary outcomes will be assessed by phone at 3, 6, and 12 months; secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. |
| Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center (CSC/PSC) | Active comparator | Other: Comprehensive or Primary Stroke CenterCSC/PSC personnel will continue with care provided under the Joint Commission-certified CSC/PSC design, including a 30-day clinic visit post-discharge, follow-up clinic visits as recommended by their outpatient provider, and other clinic visits initiated by the patient when issues arise. Primary outcomes will be assessed by phone at 3, 6, and 12 months; secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Age 18+.
- Clinical diagnosis of acute stroke with brain imaging compatible with intracerebral hemorrhage or ischemic stroke (including normal brain scan); see International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD 10) codes.
- English or Spanish speaking subjects.
- Patient admitted within 7 days of their index stroke event.
- Patient is discharged alive and not to hospice care.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Clinical transient ischemic attack (TIA)38-41 is excluded even if there is a computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion corresponding to the clinical syndrome at presentation.
- Already enrolled or planned enrollment in another clinical trial for which participation in C3FIT would be compromised with regard to follow-up assessment of outcomes or continuation in C3FIT.
- Patients with a planned admission to hospice care prior to consent.
- Patients not anticipated to survive for 1-year due to neurological or other medical status (i.e., advanced cancer, hospice care, heart disease, etc.).
- Patients who in the opinion of the site investigator cannot be involved in follow up care.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated Stroke Practice UnitAlso: ISPUCare teams will follow patients in their home or rehabilitation/skilled nursing facility monthly for 12 visits to assess recovery, manage risk factors, and increase understanding and build positive behavior change for patients and caregivers. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. | Other | Integrated Stroke Practice Unit (ISPU) |
| Comprehensive or Primary Stroke CenterAlso: CSC/PSCPrimary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. | Other | Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center (CSC/PSC) |
Primary outcome
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12 months post-stroke
59-item questionnaire to assess aspects of patient quality of life following stroke; includes 8 dimensions assessed on a 5-point Likert scale that are summed by domain. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating less difficulty.
Modified Rankin Scale at 12 Months Post-stroke
Time frame: 12 months post-stroke
The Modified Rankin Score (mRS) is a widely used scale to measure the degree of disability or dependence in daily activities of individuals who have suffered a stroke. Scores were categorized as 0-2 or >2. Overview of the Modified Rankin Scale * 0: No symptoms at all * 1: No significant disability; able to carry out all usual activities * 2: Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance * 3: Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk unassisted * 4: Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance * 5: Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent, and requiring constant nursing care * 6: Dead
35 secondary outcomes
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-discharge
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Pressure Control (BP) at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors-Blood Pressure (BP) at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors-BP at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Cholesterol (LDL) at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Cholesterol (LDL) at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Cholesterol (LDL) at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Sugar (HgBA1c) at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Sugar (HgBA1c) at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Blood Sugar (HgBA1c) at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-discharge
Stroke Risk Factors - Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2 at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2 at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2 at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Diet at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Diet at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Diet at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Smoking Status/Cessation at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Smoking Status/Cessation at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Smoking Status/Cessation at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Exercise at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Exercise at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-stroke
Stroke Risk Factors - Exercise at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-stroke
Mortality at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-discharge
Rehospitalization
Time frame: 12-months post-stroke
Recurrence
Time frame: 12-months post-stroke
Time at Home
Time frame: 12-months post-stroke
Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-discharge
Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-discharge
Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-discharge
Modified Caregiver Strain Index (mCSI) at 3-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 3-months post-stroke
Modified Caregiver Strain Index (mCSI) at 6-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 6-months post-discharge
Modified Caregiver Strain Index (mCSI) at 12-months Post-discharge
Time frame: 12-months post-discharge
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 May 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40189199Commiskey P, Long DL, Howard VJ, Braunlin J, Howard G, Cochran D, Jackson B, Bell D, Hill D, Callahan AE, Gaines K. Design and methods of a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial of post-discharge stroke care. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Jun;153:107890. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.107890. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Kenneth Gaines, MD principal investigator
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Barry Jackson principal investigator
George Howard, DrPH principal investigator
University of Alabama at Birmingham
21 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Integrated Stroke Practice Unit and Comprehensive or Primary Stroke Center in people with Stroke and Stroke, Ischemic, run by Vanderbilt University Medical Center at 21 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 21 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 15 May 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) at 12-months Post-discharge (time frame: 12 months post-stroke). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04000971, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 May 2026.