Neoplasms With Mesothelin ExpressionPhase 1NCT04034238
Mesothelin-Targeted Immunotoxin LMB-100 in Combination With Tofacitinib in Persons With Previously Treated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma and Other Mesothelin Expressing Solid Tumors
A Phase 1 study testing LMB-100, Tofacitinib and Mesothelin Expression in people with Neoplasms With Mesothelin Expression and Epithelioid Mesothelioma, run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Background: The protein mesothelin is found on many kinds of tumors. The drug LMB-100 targets cancer cells that make this protein. Researchers want to see if LMB-100 combined with another drug can help people with these tumors. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Neoplasms With Mesothelin Expression, Epithelioid Mesothelioma, Cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepatic
- What is being tested?
- LMB-100, Tofacitinib and Mesothelin Expression
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion, Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 19 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 29 Aug 2019to 19 Nov 2021
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients must have histologically confirmed solid tumor malignancy for which no curative therapy exists.
- Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or epithelioid subtype of mesothelioma, as determined by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology, OR for all other tumor types, at least 20% of tumor cells must express mesothelin. Determination can be made using archival tumor tissue or fresh biopsy if archival tumor tissue is not available.
- All patients must have evaluable disease (i.e., measurable per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. or by following carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) tumor marker). Patients in the expansion cohort must have measurable disease, per RECIST 1.1. evaluation of measurable disease.
- Patients must have received at least one prior standard systemic treatment regimen for advanced disease OR be ineligible to receive available standards due to co-morbidities, prior toxicity, lack of standard options for tumor type, or having received all standards available for prior treatment of early-stage disease OR have refused first-line standard systemic treatment but have received prior anti-cancer treatments.
- Patients with deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR)/high levels of MicroSatellite Instability (MSI-H) disease must have received at least one prior anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1) therapy, be ineligible to receive this treatment due to concurrent medical conditions or have refused this therapy.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-2
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- Age >=18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of LMB-100 alone or in combination with tofacitinib in persons with <18 years of age, children are excluded from this study.
- Patients must be more than 14 days removed from most recent minor surgical procedure (such as biliary stenting), 28 days from most recent major surgical procedure and 14 days from radiation therapy, systemic treatments (such as chemotherapy), or experimental drug treatment. All acute toxicities from prior treatment must have resolved to grade 1 or less except alopecia, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, or endocrinopathies corrected by replacement therapy.
- Adequate hematological function: neutrophil count of >= 1.5 x 10^3 cells/micro liters, platelet count of >= 85,000/micro liters, hemoglobin greater than or equal to 9 g/dL
- Serum albumin >= 2.5 mg/dL without intravenous supplementation
- Adequate liver function: Bilirubin <2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for all, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 3 x ULN except for patients with significant tumor burden in their liver where AST and ALT < 5x ULN is acceptable in the absence of other etiologies for transaminitis
- Adequate renal function: creatinine clearance [Estimating glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) method or measured] >= 50 mL/min. Measured clearance will be used if both numbers are available.
- Must have left ventricular ejection fraction >= 50%
- Must have an ambulatory oxygen saturation of > 88% on room air
- The expansion phase patients must meet all eligibility criteria above AND must have diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with pathology confirmed to be consistent with one of these diagnoses by NCI Laboratory of Pathology.
- The effects of LMB-100 alone or in combination with tofacitinib on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry until 3 months the last dose of study therapy. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
- Ability of participant to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
Who cannot join
- Known or clinically suspected central nervous system (CNS) primary tumors or metastases including leptomeningeal metastases as CNS penetration of LMB-100 is expected to be poor. CNS metastases are permitted if they have been previously treated, are asymptomatic, and have had no requirement for steroids or enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants in the last 14 days.
- Evidence of significant, uncontrolled concomitant diseases which could affect compliance with the protocol or interpretation of results, including significant pulmonary disease other than that related to the primary cancer, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and/or significant cardiovascular disease (such as New York Heart Association Class III or IV cardiac disease, myocardial infarction within the last 6 months, unstable arrhythmias, unstable angina, or clinically significant pericardial effusion).
- Any known diagnoses, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition (other than mesothelin [+] cancer diagnosis) that would contraindicate the use of an investigational drug, interfere with tumor measurement or lead to a life expectancy of less than 6 months as judged by the investigator.
- Contraindication to receiving prophylactic doses of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) such as current active bleeding (except for grade 1 hematuria or epistaxis), recent history of significant bleeding without subsequent effective medical or surgical intervention, known history of gastric varices, uncontrolled malignant hypertension, history of coagulopathy that confers increased risk of bleeding. Patients on concurrent treatment with anti-platelet agents such as aspirin or clopidogrel are eligible if deemed to have acceptable risk of bleeding in consultation with Hematologist. Patients already receiving prophylactic or therapeutic doses of anticoagulant (heparin-based, or DOAC) for at least 4 weeks with no indication of significant bleeding while on therapy are considered NOT to have a contraindication to this therapy.
- Inability to administer or unwillingness to comply with recommended venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for the duration of study treatment.
- Prior diagnosis of hematologic malignancy
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- Active or uncontrolled infections (including tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) or reasonable clinical suspicion of an active infection (such as cholangitis) as tofacitinib suppresses lymphocyte signaling and will impair host response to infection
- Latent tuberculosis (TB) infection as identified by interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). If IGRA is indeterminate, tuberculin skin test (TST) may be used to determine status.
- Live attenuated vaccinations within 14 days prior to treatment.
- Use of a strong inhibitor or inducer of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) within 14 days prior to enrollment or similarly updated source for a list of such agents)
- Inability to take or digest oral medication.
- Dementia or altered mental status that would prohibit informed consent.
- Pregnant women are excluded from this study because the effects of LMB-100 and/or tofacitinib on the developing fetus are unknown and may have the potential to cause teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with LMB-100 and/or tofacitinib, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with either of these agents.
- Baseline corrected QT interval by Fredericia (QTcF) interval of > 470 ms, participants with baseline resting bradycardia < 45 beats per minute, or baseline resting tachycardia >100 beats per minute.
- Participants with contra-indication and/or history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to any components related to LMB-100 and tofacitinib.
- Patients who have previously received LMB-100 (and therefore have high-levels of preexisting anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to drug)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
About this study
Official title: A Phase I Study of Mesothelin-Targeted Immunotoxin LMB-100 in Combination With Tofacitinib in Persons With Previously Treated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma and Other Mesothelin Expressing Solid Tumors
Background:
The protein mesothelin is found on many kinds of tumors. The drug LMB-100 targets cancer cells that make this protein. Researchers want to see if LMB-100 combined with another drug can help people with these tumors.
Read more
Objective:
To find a safe dose of LMB-100 plus tofacitinib in people with pancreatic cancer, bile-duct cancer, and other solid tumors that make mesothelin.
Eligibility:
People ages 18 and older with pancreatic cancer, bile-duct cancer, or any other solid tumor with mesothelin that worsened after treatment or they could not receive standard treatment
Design:
Participants will be screened with:
- Medical history
- Tumor tissue sample. If they do not have a sample, they will have a biopsy.
- Physical exam
- Blood and heart tests
- Scans and x-rays: They may have a dye injected for the scans.
Participants will take the drugs in up to three 21-day cycles. They will take tofacitinib by mouth twice a day on days 1-10 of each cycle. They will have LMB-100 injected into the blood on days 4, 6, and 8 of every cycle. Patients that do not have a medi-port may need to have a central vein access line placed.
Participants will take other drugs on the days they receive LMB-100.
Participants will repeat screening tests during the study. They may have a biopsy at the start of the first 2 cycles.
If participants must stop the study, they will have a safety visit 3-6 weeks after their last dose of the study drug. Some participants may then have visits every 6 weeks.
After treatment, participants will be contacted about once a year. They will be asked about their cancer.
Read the detailed description
Background:
- Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the United States, claiming more than 40,000 lives each year.
- Incidence nearly equals mortality with just 6% of participants living five years beyond their diagnosis. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but even patients with early-stage disease have a long-term survival of less than 20%.
- Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease and just 3,000 patients are diagnosed with the extrahepatic form yearly. The median overall survival of patients with advanced disease receiving standard of care treatment is less than 1 year.
- Expression of mesothelin (MSLN) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been examined in several published studies and ranges from 86 to 100%. Similar incidence of expression has been observed in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
- In addition to pancreatobiliary tumors, many other solid tumor types also express MSLN such as mesothelioma, colorectal, lung adenocarcinomas, epithelial ovarian, gastric and triple negative breast cancers, as well as some tumors of squamous cell origin.
- LMB-100 and a closely related immunotoxin also targeting MSLN have been studied in previous Phase 1 clinical studies for mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer.
- Results from these studies showed that almost all patients formed anti-drug-antibodies (ADAs) that neutralized subsequent injection of the product making it ineffective.
- Tofacitinib is an oral Janus Kinase-1 and -3 (JAK) inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.
- Pre-clinical studies have shown that tofacitinib can prevent the formation of ADAs against an immunotoxin closely related to LMB-100
- Co-administration of tofacitinib with immunotoxin increased immunotoxin serum half- life in mice and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy
- This clinical trial will investigate whether co-administration of tofacitinib with LMB- 100 can prevent or delay the formation of ADAs and thus allow patients to receive additional effective cycles of LMB-100.
Objectives:
- The primary objective of the dose escalation phase of this study is to assess the safety and tolerability of LMB-100 given in combination with tofacitinib to patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other mesothelin-positive solid tumors
- The primary objective of the expansion phase of this study is to determine whether co-administration of tofacitinib delays formation of neutralizing anti-LMB-100 ADAs through cycle 2 of treatment (as measured by LMB-100 serum drug levels) in patients with pancreatobiliary cancers.
Eligibility:
- Age >= 18 years
- Histologically confirmed solid tumor malignancy for which no curative therapy exists
- Participants must have received at least one prior systemic treatment regimen for their disease OR be ineligible to receive available standard treatments for their disease OR refused first-line standard systemic treatments but have been treated with other anti-cancer agents.
Design:
- This is a Phase I study which will accrue up to 45 subjects total, accounting for screen failure.
- Participants will be co-treated for 3 cycles with tofacitinib given orally for the first 10 days of each 21-day cycle, and LMB-100 given on days 4, 6 and 8.
- A 3+3 dose escalation schema will be used. Two dose levels are planned. One minus dose level could be utilized if dose de-escalation is necessary.
- Following identification of an optimal dose and schedule, an expansion phase of 15 participants will be initiated at the optimal dose for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. At least 8 participants in the expansion phase must have pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
- Participants on the Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Arms who appear to be obtaining clinical benefit from LMB-100/tofacitinib after 3 cycles of treatment may elect to receive additional cycles of therapy at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI).
- Conditions
- Neoplasms With Mesothelin Expression, Epithelioid Mesothelioma, Cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepatic, Adenocarcinoma, Pancreatic
- Being tested
- LMB-100, Tofacitinib, Mesothelin Expression
- Keywords
- Advanced Cancer, Immunotoxin, Antibody Based Therapeutics, Mesothelin
- Medical subject headings
- Cholangiocarcinoma, Adenocarcinoma
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
LMB-100Drug
Arms 1 and 2: Administered intravenous (IV) as an approximate 30-minute infusion of each 21-day cycle on days 4, 6 and 8 until disease progression, intolerance or withdrawal from study.
TofacitinibDrug
Also called Xeljanz
Arms 1 and 2: Administered orally twice daily on days 1-10 of each cycle until disease progression, intolerance or withdrawal from study.
Mesothelin ExpressionDevice
Test for mesothelin expression in tumor tissues for study eligibility
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Dose escalation | Experimental | LMB-100 at escalating doses plus tofacitinib Receives: Drug: LMB-100; Drug: Tofacitinib; Device: Mesothelin Expression |
| 2. Dose expansion | Experimental | LMB-100 at optimal dose plus tofacitinib Receives: Drug: LMB-100; Drug: Tofacitinib |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of LMB-100 With Tofacitinib
MTD is defined as the maximum dose at which less than 33% of participants experience a dose-limiting toxicity (defined as any events occurring within the first cycle of treatment (21 days) such as any death not clearly due to the underlying disease or extraneous causes).
Measured: First cycle of treatment (21 days)
Percentage of Participants With Pancreatobiliary Cancer and LMB-100 Plasma Drug Levels Above Threshold 600ng/mL During Cycle 2 Who Received LMB-100 at Maximum Tolerated Dose
This measure assessed how many participants have LMB-100 plasma drug levels higher than threshold (600 ng/mL) during Cycle 2 pharmacokinetics (PK) measurements, a sign of effective prevention of anti-LMB-100 antibodies. The validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to measure plasma LMB-100 concentration. Below 600ng/mL is considered a bad outcome and above 600ng/mL is considered a good outcome.
Measured: Plasma LMB-100 levels during Cycle 2 treatment (each cycle = 21 days)
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events Possibly, Probably, and/or Definitely Related to LMB-100 Treated in the Dose Escalation Group
Grade 1-5 adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 observed in participants with pancreatic cancer. Grade 1 is mild. Grade 2 is moderate. Grade 3 is severe or medically significant. Grade 4 is life-threatening consequences. Grade 5 is death related to adverse events.
Measured: Throughout study treatment until 30 days post-completion, approximately 13 weeks
Secondary outcomes (6)
Percentage of Participants With LMB-100 Plasma Drug Levels Above Threshold 600ng/mL During Cycle 2 in Dose Escalation
This measure assessed how many participants in the dose escalation have LMB-100 plasma drug levels higher than threshold (600 ng/mL) during Cycle 2 pharmacokinetics (PK) measurements, a sign of effective prevention of anti-LMB-100 antibodies. The validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to measure plasma LMB-100 concentration. Below 600ng/mL is considered a bad outcome and above 600ng/mL is considered a good outcome.
Measured: Plasma LMB-100 levels during Cycle 2 of treatment (each cycle = 21 days)
Maximum Observed (Peak) Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of LMB-100
The maximum observed analyte concentration in plasma was reported.
Measured: Pre-administration, end-of-infusion, then 1, 2, 4, 8-10, 12-16 hours post- LMB-100 during cycle 1 (each cycle = 21 days)
Percentage of Participants Without Delayed Formation of Neutralizing Anti-LMB-100 Anti-drug Antibodies (ADAs)
This measure assessed how many participants have no LMB-100 plasma drug levels higher than threshold (600 ng/mL) during Cycle 3 pharmacokinetics (PK) measurements, a sign of effective prevention of anti-LMB-100 antibodies. The validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to measure plasma LMB-100 concentration. Below 600ng/mL is considered a bad outcome and above 600ng/mL is considered a good outcome.
Measured: Plasma LMB-100 levels during Cycle 3 treatment (each cycle = 21 days)
Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC(INF)) of LMB-100
AUC is a measure of the serum concentration of LMB-100 over time. It is used to characterize drug absorption.
Measured: Pre-administration, end-of-infusion, then 1, 2, 4, 8-10, 12-16 hours post- LMB-100 during cycle 1 (each cycle = 21 days)
Plasma Half-Life (T1/2) of LMB-100
Plasma decay half-life is the time measured for the plasma concentration of the drug to decrease by one half.
Measured: Pre-administration, end-of-infusion, then 1, 2, 4, 8-10, 12-16 hours post- LMB-100 during cycle 1 (each cycle = 21 days)
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events Possibly, Probably, and/or Definitely Related to LMB-100 Who Have Pancreatobiliary Cancer
Grade 1-4 adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 observed in participants with pancreatic cancer. Grade 1 is mild. Grade 2 is moderate. Grade 3 is severe or medically significant. Grade 4 is life-threatening consequences. Grade 5 is death related to adverse event.
Measured: Throughout study treatment until 30 days post-completion, approximately 13 weeks.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jul 2019
- Study start29 Aug 2019
- Primary completion1 Dec 2020
- Study completion19 Nov 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Neoplasms With Mesothelin ExpressionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Cancer Institute (NCI)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Christine Alewine, M.D., National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Investigators
- Christine C Alewine, M.D., Principal investigator, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04034238
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 190128
- Other IDs
- 19-C-0128
- Status last verified
- Jul 2023
- First submitted
- 25 Jul 2019
- Last updated
- 1 Aug 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All individual participant data (IPD) recorded in the medical record will be shared with intramural investigators upon request.
Publications
Skorupan N, Peer CJ, Zhang X, Choo-Wosoba H, Ahmad MI, Lee MJ, Rastogi S, Sato N, Yu Y, Pegna GJ, Steinberg SM, Kalsi SS, Cao L, Figg WD, Trepel JB, Pastan I, FitzGerald D, Alewine C. Tofacitinib to prevent anti-drug antibody formation against LMB-100 immunotoxin in patients with advanced mesothelin-expressing cancers. Front Oncol. 2024 Apr 19;14:1386190. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1386190. eCollection 2024.
PubMed 38706610
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Aug 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase I Study of Mesothelin-Targeted Immunotoxin LMB-100 in Combination With Tofacitinib in Persons With Previously Treated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma and Other Mesothelin Expressing Solid Tumors
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04034238
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 190128
- Conditions
- Neoplasms With Mesothelin Expression, Epithelioid Mesothelioma, Cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepatic, Adenocarcinoma, Pancreatic
- Keywords
- Advanced Cancer, Immunotoxin, Antibody Based Therapeutics, Mesothelin
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 29 Aug 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 19 Nov 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jul 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 8 Feb 2022
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background:
The protein mesothelin is found on many kinds of tumors. The drug LMB-100 targets cancer cells that make this protein. Researchers want to see if LMB-100 combined with another drug can help people with these tumors.
Objective:
To find a safe dose of LMB-100 plus tofacitinib in people with pancreatic cancer, bile-duct cancer, and other solid tumors that make mesothelin.
Eligibility:
People ages 18 and older with pancreatic cancer, bile-duct cancer, or any other solid tumor with mesothelin that worsened after treatment or they could not receive standard treatment
Design:
Participants will be screened with:
- Medical history
- Tumor tissue sample. If they do not have a sample, they will have a biopsy.
- Physical exam
- Blood and heart tests
- Scans and x-rays: They may have a dye injected for the scans.
Participants will take the drugs in up to three 21-day cycles. They will take tofacitinib by mouth twice a day on days 1-10 of each cycle. They will have LMB-100 injected into the blood on days 4, 6, and 8 of every cycle. Patients that do not have a medi-port may need to have a central vein access line placed.
Participants will take other drugs on the days they receive LMB-100.
Participants will repeat screening tests during the study. They may have a biopsy at the start of the first 2 cycles.
If participants must stop the study, they will have a safety visit 3-6 weeks after their last dose of the study drug. Some participants may then have visits every 6 weeks.
After treatment, participants will be contacted about once a year. They will be asked about their cancer.
Detailed description
Background:
- Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the United States, claiming more than 40,000 lives each year.
- Incidence nearly equals mortality with just 6% of participants living five years beyond their diagnosis. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but even patients with early-stage disease have a long-term survival of less than 20%.
- Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease and just 3,000 patients are diagnosed with the extrahepatic form yearly. The median overall survival of patients with advanced disease receiving standard of care treatment is less than 1 year.
- Expression of mesothelin (MSLN) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been examined in several published studies and ranges from 86 to 100%. Similar incidence of expression has been observed in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
- In addition to pancreatobiliary tumors, many other solid tumor types also express MSLN such as mesothelioma, colorectal, lung adenocarcinomas, epithelial ovarian, gastric and triple negative breast cancers, as well as some tumors of squamous cell origin.
- LMB-100 and a closely related immunotoxin also targeting MSLN have been studied in previous Phase 1 clinical studies for mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer.
- Results from these studies showed that almost all patients formed anti-drug-antibodies (ADAs) that neutralized subsequent injection of the product making it ineffective.
- Tofacitinib is an oral Janus Kinase-1 and -3 (JAK) inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.
- Pre-clinical studies have shown that tofacitinib can prevent the formation of ADAs against an immunotoxin closely related to LMB-100
- Co-administration of tofacitinib with immunotoxin increased immunotoxin serum half- life in mice and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy
- This clinical trial will investigate whether co-administration of tofacitinib with LMB- 100 can prevent or delay the formation of ADAs and thus allow patients to receive additional effective cycles of LMB-100.
Objectives:
- The primary objective of the dose escalation phase of this study is to assess the safety and tolerability of LMB-100 given in combination with tofacitinib to patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other mesothelin-positive solid tumors
- The primary objective of the expansion phase of this study is to determine whether co-administration of tofacitinib delays formation of neutralizing anti-LMB-100 ADAs through cycle 2 of treatment (as measured by LMB-100 serum drug levels) in patients with pancreatobiliary cancers.
Eligibility:
- Age >= 18 years
- Histologically confirmed solid tumor malignancy for which no curative therapy exists
- Participants must have received at least one prior systemic treatment regimen for their disease OR be ineligible to receive available standard treatments for their disease OR refused first-line standard systemic treatments but have been treated with other anti-cancer agents.
Design:
- This is a Phase I study which will accrue up to 45 subjects total, accounting for screen failure.
- Participants will be co-treated for 3 cycles with tofacitinib given orally for the first 10 days of each 21-day cycle, and LMB-100 given on days 4, 6 and 8.
- A 3+3 dose escalation schema will be used. Two dose levels are planned. One minus dose level could be utilized if dose de-escalation is necessary.
- Following identification of an optimal dose and schedule, an expansion phase of 15 participants will be initiated at the optimal dose for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. At least 8 participants in the expansion phase must have pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
- Participants on the Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Arms who appear to be obtaining clinical benefit from LMB-100/tofacitinib after 3 cycles of treatment may elect to receive additional cycles of therapy at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Dose escalation | Experimental | Drug: LMB-100, Drug: Tofacitinib, Device: Mesothelin ExpressionLMB-100 at escalating doses plus tofacitinib |
| 2. Dose expansion | Experimental | Drug: LMB-100, Drug: TofacitinibLMB-100 at optimal dose plus tofacitinib |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (17 listed)
- Patients must have histologically confirmed solid tumor malignancy for which no curative therapy exists.
- Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or epithelioid subtype of mesothelioma, as determined by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology, OR for all other tumor types, at least 20% of tumor cells must express mesothelin. Determination can be made using archival tumor tissue or fresh biopsy if archival tumor tissue is not available.
- All patients must have evaluable disease (i.e., measurable per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. or by following carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) tumor marker). Patients in the expansion cohort must have measurable disease, per RECIST 1.1. evaluation of measurable disease.
- Patients must have received at least one prior standard systemic treatment regimen for advanced disease OR be ineligible to receive available standards due to co-morbidities, prior toxicity, lack of standard options for tumor type, or having received all standards available for prior treatment of early-stage disease OR have refused first-line standard systemic treatment but have received prior anti-cancer treatments.
- Patients with deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR)/high levels of MicroSatellite Instability (MSI-H) disease must have received at least one prior anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1) therapy, be ineligible to receive this treatment due to concurrent medical conditions or have refused this therapy.
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Known or clinically suspected central nervous system (CNS) primary tumors or metastases including leptomeningeal metastases as CNS penetration of LMB-100 is expected to be poor. CNS metastases are permitted if they have been previously treated, are asymptomatic, and have had no requirement for steroids or enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants in the last 14 days.
- Evidence of significant, uncontrolled concomitant diseases which could affect compliance with the protocol or interpretation of results, including significant pulmonary disease other than that related to the primary cancer, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and/or significant cardiovascular disease (such as New York Heart Association Class III or IV cardiac disease, myocardial infarction within the last 6 months, unstable arrhythmias, unstable angina, or clinically significant pericardial effusion).
- Any known diagnoses, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition (other than mesothelin [+] cancer diagnosis) that would contraindicate the use of an investigational drug, interfere with tumor measurement or lead to a life expectancy of less than 6 months as judged by the investigator.
- Contraindication to receiving prophylactic doses of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) such as current active bleeding (except for grade 1 hematuria or epistaxis), recent history of significant bleeding without subsequent effective medical or surgical intervention, known history of gastric varices, uncontrolled malignant hypertension, history of coagulopathy that confers increased risk of bleeding. Patients on concurrent treatment with anti-platelet agents such as aspirin or clopidogrel are eligible if deemed to have acceptable risk of bleeding in consultation with Hematologist. Patients already receiving prophylactic or therapeutic doses of anticoagulant (heparin-based, or DOAC) for at least 4 weeks with no indication of significant bleeding while on therapy are considered NOT to have a contraindication to this therapy.
- Inability to administer or unwillingness to comply with recommended venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for the duration of study treatment.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| LMB-100Arms 1 and 2: Administered intravenous (IV) as an approximate 30-minute infusion of each 21-day cycle on days 4, 6 and 8 until disease progression, intolerance or withdrawal from study. | Drug | 1. Dose escalation, 2. Dose expansion |
| TofacitinibAlso: XeljanzArms 1 and 2: Administered orally twice daily on days 1-10 of each cycle until disease progression, intolerance or withdrawal from study. | Drug | 1. Dose escalation, 2. Dose expansion |
| Mesothelin ExpressionTest for mesothelin expression in tumor tissues for study eligibility | Device | 1. Dose escalation |
Primary outcome
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of LMB-100 With Tofacitinib
Time frame: First cycle of treatment (21 days)
MTD is defined as the maximum dose at which less than 33% of participants experience a dose-limiting toxicity (defined as any events occurring within the first cycle of treatment (21 days) such as any death not clearly due to the underlying disease or extraneous causes).
Percentage of Participants With Pancreatobiliary Cancer and LMB-100 Plasma Drug Levels Above Threshold 600ng/mL During Cycle 2 Who Received LMB-100 at Maximum Tolerated Dose
Time frame: Plasma LMB-100 levels during Cycle 2 treatment (each cycle = 21 days)
This measure assessed how many participants have LMB-100 plasma drug levels higher than threshold (600 ng/mL) during Cycle 2 pharmacokinetics (PK) measurements, a sign of effective prevention of anti-LMB-100 antibodies. The validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to measure plasma LMB-100 concentration. Below 600ng/mL is considered a bad outcome and above 600ng/mL is considered a good outcome.
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events Possibly, Probably, and/or Definitely Related to LMB-100 Treated in the Dose Escalation Group
Time frame: Throughout study treatment until 30 days post-completion, approximately 13 weeks
Grade 1-5 adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 observed in participants with pancreatic cancer. Grade 1 is mild. Grade 2 is moderate. Grade 3 is severe or medically significant. Grade 4 is life-threatening consequences. Grade 5 is death related to adverse events.
6 secondary outcomes
Percentage of Participants With LMB-100 Plasma Drug Levels Above Threshold 600ng/mL During Cycle 2 in Dose Escalation
Time frame: Plasma LMB-100 levels during Cycle 2 of treatment (each cycle = 21 days)
Maximum Observed (Peak) Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of LMB-100
Time frame: Pre-administration, end-of-infusion, then 1, 2, 4, 8-10, 12-16 hours post- LMB-100 during cycle 1 (each cycle = 21 days)
Percentage of Participants Without Delayed Formation of Neutralizing Anti-LMB-100 Anti-drug Antibodies (ADAs)
Time frame: Plasma LMB-100 levels during Cycle 3 treatment (each cycle = 21 days)
Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC(INF)) of LMB-100
Time frame: Pre-administration, end-of-infusion, then 1, 2, 4, 8-10, 12-16 hours post- LMB-100 during cycle 1 (each cycle = 21 days)
Plasma Half-Life (T1/2) of LMB-100
Time frame: Pre-administration, end-of-infusion, then 1, 2, 4, 8-10, 12-16 hours post- LMB-100 during cycle 1 (each cycle = 21 days)
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events Possibly, Probably, and/or Definitely Related to LMB-100 Who Have Pancreatobiliary Cancer
Time frame: Throughout study treatment until 30 days post-completion, approximately 13 weeks.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Aug 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38706610Skorupan N, Peer CJ, Zhang X, Choo-Wosoba H, Ahmad MI, Lee MJ, Rastogi S, Sato N, Yu Y, Pegna GJ, Steinberg SM, Kalsi SS, Cao L, Figg WD, Trepel JB, Pastan I, FitzGerald D, Alewine C. Tofacitinib to prevent anti-drug antibody formation against LMB-100 immunotoxin in patients with advanced mesothelin-expressing cancers. Front Oncol. 2024 Apr 19;14:1386190. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1386190. eCollection 2024.
- NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web PageLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All individual participant data (IPD) recorded in the medical record will be shared with intramural investigators upon request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Christine C Alewine, M.D. principal investigator
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing LMB-100, Tofacitinib and Mesothelin Expression in people with Neoplasms With Mesothelin Expression and Epithelioid Mesothelioma, run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 17 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Aug 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 8 Feb 2022). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of LMB-100 With Tofacitinib (time frame: First cycle of treatment (21 days)). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04034238, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Aug 2023.