Anxiety Disorders and SymptomsERTNCT04060940
Emotion Regulation Therapy for Clinical Worry and Rumination
A study testing Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version and Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version in people with Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms and Depression, Anxiety, run by Douglas Mennin at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The present project aims to broaden our understanding of neural mechanisms which may underlie change in symptoms occurring over the course of Emotion Regulation Therapy. Specifically, we aim to examine neural changes as a result of either an 8-session or 16-session version of the treatment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 29 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version and Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 72 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 6 Nov 2015to 26 Apr 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 29 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 18-29 years during the time of participation
- Meets diagnostic criteria for an anxiety and/or depressive disorder
- Endorses significant worry and/or rumination
Who cannot join
- Active suicidal intent
- Current substance dependence disorder (within the past year)
- Current or past psychotic disorder, bipolar-I disorder, or dementia
- Not currently received any other form of psychosocial treatment
- Not being on a stabilized dose of medication (less than 3 months) during enrollment
- Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant during active participation
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- Irremovable metal objects in the body
- Neurological disorder, traumatic brain injury, or loss of consciousness
- Tattoos if/when posing risks for involvement in the MRI component of the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Teachers College, Columbia University
New York, New York, 10027
About this study
Official title: Emotion Regulation Therapy for Young Adults With Clinical Worry and Rumination
The present project aims to broaden our understanding of neural mechanisms which may underlie change in symptoms occurring over the course of Emotion Regulation Therapy. Specifically, we aim to examine neural changes as a result of either an 8-session or 16-session version of the treatment.
Read the detailed description
This study aims to examine the utility of Emotion Regulation Training (ERT) in reducing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in young adults aged 18 to 29 years old. Additionally, we are interested in assessing neural, cardiac, and immunological changes associated with psychological symptom reduction in these individuals. Lastly, we are interested in examining whether an abbreviated 8-session version of ERT produces similar results to a longer (16-session) version of ERT.
- Conditions
- Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Emotional Dysfunction
- Being tested
- Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version, Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version
- Keywords
- Emotion Regulation, Distress Disorders, Anxiety, Depression
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Emotional Regulation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session versionBehavioural
Also called Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT)
Emotion Regulation Therapy will be administered over 8 individual sessions on a weekly basis, resulting in a total required time commitment of 9 hours over the course of 8 weeks. The initial stage of treatment focuses on psychoeducation about anxiety and depression, individual patterns of these behaviors, emotions in recent situations, and self-monitoring of worry, anxiety, and depression. The sessions focus on the development of skills that help regulate one's emotional experience (i.e., recognizing emotions when they are happening, identifying the meaning of a given emotion experience, and soothing oneself in the context of negative emotional experiences). Following the development of these skills, sessions focus on the application of somatic awareness and emotion regulation skills while imagining emotionally evocative themes. The remaining sessions focus on terminating therapy, relapse prevention, and future goals.
Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session versionBehavioural
Also called Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT)
Emotion Regulation Therapy will be administered over 16 individual sessions on a weekly basis, resulting in a total required time commitment of 18 hours over the course of 16 weeks. The initial stage of treatment focuses on psychoeducation about anxiety and depression, individual patterns of these behaviors, emotions in recent situations, and self-monitoring of worry, anxiety, and depression. The sessions focus on the development of skills that help regulate one's emotional experience (i.e., recognizing emotions when they are happening, identifying the meaning of a given emotion experience, and soothing oneself in the context of negative emotional experiences). Following the development of these skills, sessions focus on the application of somatic awareness and emotion regulation skills while imagining emotionally evocative themes. The remaining sessions focus on terminating therapy, relapse prevention, and future goals.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version | Experimental | All participants will be randomly assigned to an 8-session or 16-session version of ERT with equal probability. Participants assigned to the 8-session version of ERT will receive 8 sessions of individualized therapy, each of which is 1-1.5 hours, on a weekly basis. Sessions 1-5 will be 1 hour long, sessions 6 and 7 will be 1.5 hours long, and session 8 will be one hour long, resulting in a total required time commitment of 9 hours over the course of 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version |
| Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version | Experimental | All participants will be randomly assigned to an 8-session or 16-session version of ERT with equal probability. Participants assigned to the 16-session version of ERT will receive 16 sessions of individualized therapy, each of which is 1-1.5 hours, on a weekly basis. Sessions 1-9 will be 1 hour long, sessions 10-13 will be 1.5 hours long, and sessions 14-16 will be 1 hour long, resulting in a total required time commitment of 18 hours over the course of 16 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in Worry
Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Changes in Rumination
Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ)
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Changes in Functional Impairment
Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Changes in Life Satisfaction
Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI)
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Changes in Diagnostic Criteria, Severity, and Improvement
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR; Clinical Severity Ratings from Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, Lifetime version for DSM-IV
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Secondary outcomes (3)
Changes in Anxiety and Depression
Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ)
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Model-Related Changes: Attention Regulation
Attentional Control Scale (ACS)
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Model-Related Changes: Metacognitive Regulation
Experiences Questionnaire (EQ); Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Reappraisal (ERQ)
Measured: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Aug 2019
- Study start6 Nov 2015
- Primary completion26 Apr 2022
- Study completion26 Apr 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Anxiety Disorders and SymptomsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- All participants will be randomly assigned to an 8-session or 16-session version of ERT.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Douglas Mennin
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Kent State University, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Douglas Mennin, Teachers College, Columbia University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04060940
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 18-019
- Acronym
- ERT
- Status last verified
- May 2022
- First submitted
- 4 Jun 2019
- Last updated
- 17 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Mennin DS, Fresco DM, O'Toole MS, Heimberg RG. A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Mar;86(3):268-281. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000289.
PubMed 29504794Renna ME, Quintero JM, Soffer A, Pino M, Ader L, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. A Pilot Study of Emotion Regulation Therapy for Generalized Anxiety and Depression: Findings From a Diverse Sample of Young Adults. Behav Ther. 2018 May;49(3):403-418. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.09.001. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
PubMed 29704969Renna ME, Quintero JM, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. Emotion Regulation Therapy: A Mechanism-Targeted Treatment for Disorders of Distress. Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 6;8:98. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00098. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28220089Renna ME, Spaeth PE, Quintero JM, O'Toole MS, Sandman CF, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. A randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of emotion regulation therapy: Preliminary evidence that gains in attentional and metacognitive regulation reduce worry, rumination, and distress. Behav Res Ther. 2023 Oct 21;170:104420. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104420. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 39491310
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Emotion Regulation Therapy for Young Adults With Clinical Worry and Rumination
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04060940
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ERT / 18-019
- Conditions
- Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Emotional Dysfunction
- Keywords
- Emotion Regulation, Distress Disorders, Anxiety, Depression
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Douglas MenninUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Kent State University, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- Study start
- 6 Nov 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 26 Apr 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Aug 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The present project aims to broaden our understanding of neural mechanisms which may underlie change in symptoms occurring over the course of Emotion Regulation Therapy. Specifically, we aim to examine neural changes as a result of either an 8-session or 16-session version of the treatment.
Detailed description
This study aims to examine the utility of Emotion Regulation Training (ERT) in reducing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in young adults aged 18 to 29 years old. Additionally, we are interested in assessing neural, cardiac, and immunological changes associated with psychological symptom reduction in these individuals. Lastly, we are interested in examining whether an abbreviated 8-session version of ERT produces similar results to a longer (16-session) version of ERT.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- All participants will be randomly assigned to an 8-session or 16-session version of ERT.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version | Experimental | Behavioral: Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session versionAll participants will be randomly assigned to an 8-session or 16-session version of ERT with equal probability. Participants assigned to the 8-session version of ERT will receive 8 sessions of individualized therapy, each of which is 1-1.5 hours, on a weekly basis. Sessions 1-5 will be 1 hour long, sessions 6 and 7 will be 1.5 hours long, and session 8 will be one hour long, resulting in a total required time commitment of 9 hours over the course of 8 weeks. |
| Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version | Experimental | Behavioral: Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session versionAll participants will be randomly assigned to an 8-session or 16-session version of ERT with equal probability. Participants assigned to the 16-session version of ERT will receive 16 sessions of individualized therapy, each of which is 1-1.5 hours, on a weekly basis. Sessions 1-9 will be 1 hour long, sessions 10-13 will be 1.5 hours long, and sessions 14-16 will be 1 hour long, resulting in a total required time commitment of 18 hours over the course of 16 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 29 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Aged 18-29 years during the time of participation
- Meets diagnostic criteria for an anxiety and/or depressive disorder
- Endorses significant worry and/or rumination
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Active suicidal intent
- Current substance dependence disorder (within the past year)
- Current or past psychotic disorder, bipolar-I disorder, or dementia
- Not currently received any other form of psychosocial treatment
- Not being on a stabilized dose of medication (less than 3 months) during enrollment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session versionAlso: Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT)Emotion Regulation Therapy will be administered over 8 individual sessions on a weekly basis, resulting in a total required time commitment of 9 hours over the course of 8 weeks. The initial stage of treatment focuses on psychoeducation about anxiety and depression, individual patterns of these behaviors, emotions in recent situations, and self-monitoring of worry, anxiety, and depression. The sessions focus on the development of skills that help regulate one's emotional experience (i.e., recognizing emotions when they are happening, identifying the meaning of a given emotion experience, and soothing oneself in the context of negative emotional experiences). Following the development of these skills, sessions focus on the application of somatic awareness and emotion regulation skills while imagining emotionally evocative themes. The remaining sessions focus on terminating therapy, relapse prevention, and future goals. | Behavioural | Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version |
| Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session versionAlso: Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT)Emotion Regulation Therapy will be administered over 16 individual sessions on a weekly basis, resulting in a total required time commitment of 18 hours over the course of 16 weeks. The initial stage of treatment focuses on psychoeducation about anxiety and depression, individual patterns of these behaviors, emotions in recent situations, and self-monitoring of worry, anxiety, and depression. The sessions focus on the development of skills that help regulate one's emotional experience (i.e., recognizing emotions when they are happening, identifying the meaning of a given emotion experience, and soothing oneself in the context of negative emotional experiences). Following the development of these skills, sessions focus on the application of somatic awareness and emotion regulation skills while imagining emotionally evocative themes. The remaining sessions focus on terminating therapy, relapse prevention, and future goals. | Behavioural | Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version |
Primary outcome
Changes in Worry
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
Changes in Rumination
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ)
Changes in Functional Impairment
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)
Changes in Life Satisfaction
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI)
Changes in Diagnostic Criteria, Severity, and Improvement
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR; Clinical Severity Ratings from Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, Lifetime version for DSM-IV
3 secondary outcomes
Changes in Anxiety and Depression
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Model-Related Changes: Attention Regulation
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Model-Related Changes: Metacognitive Regulation
Time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 May 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 29504794Mennin DS, Fresco DM, O'Toole MS, Heimberg RG. A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Mar;86(3):268-281. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000289.
- Results publication: PubMed 29704969Renna ME, Quintero JM, Soffer A, Pino M, Ader L, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. A Pilot Study of Emotion Regulation Therapy for Generalized Anxiety and Depression: Findings From a Diverse Sample of Young Adults. Behav Ther. 2018 May;49(3):403-418. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.09.001. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
- Results publication: PubMed 28220089Renna ME, Quintero JM, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. Emotion Regulation Therapy: A Mechanism-Targeted Treatment for Disorders of Distress. Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 6;8:98. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00098. eCollection 2017.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39491310Renna ME, Spaeth PE, Quintero JM, O'Toole MS, Sandman CF, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. A randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of emotion regulation therapy: Preliminary evidence that gains in attentional and metacognitive regulation reduce worry, rumination, and distress. Behav Res Ther. 2023 Oct 21;170:104420. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104420. Online ahead of print.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Emotion Regulation Therapy: 8-session version and Emotion Regulation Therapy: 16-session version in people with Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms and Depression, Anxiety, run by Douglas Mennin at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in Worry (time frame: Pre-Treatment, Mid-Treatment (either 4- or 8- weeks after starting treatment), Post-Treatment (either 8- or 16- weeks after starting treatment), Weekly for 8- or 16-weeks (depending on version), 3-Month Follow-Up, 9-Month Follow-Up, 2-Year Follow-Up). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04060940, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 May 2022.