Research Project on Reminders and Self-Sampling Can Increase Participation in Gynecology Cell Sampling - Preventive Examination Against Cervical Cancer.

Non-participation in the cervical screening program and sub-optimal follow-up after abnormalities or infection with a highly oncogenic HPV type detected in screening are the main risk factors for cervical cancer. Given this, It is important to reduce barriers to screening and facilitate participation in the screening program of cervical cancer. Offering self-sampling kits for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been examined in several research studies as a way to reach women who have not responded to screening invitations. Women who have been lost to follow-up can also be reached with self-sampling.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SMS reminders and electronic letters for screening attendance will increase participation compared to the current method where reminders are sent out with physical letters. In this study, women a with high risk of developing cervical cancer, due to not fully participating in screening or being followed up optimally, will be invited. Women are identified through registry linkages annually that examine screening history and status using a risk algorithm. Women receive an SMS or an electronic letter with an offer to request a self-sampling kit via the internet. Women with a higher risk for cervical cancer can be offered a self-sampling kit sent directly to their home address. The self-sampling kit comes with an instruction on how to take the sample and a postage-free answer envelope.

Submitted samples are analyzed with an approved and accredited method (Cobas 4800, Roche) that analyzes for HPV 16, HPV18 and other oncogenic HPV types. As the screening program changed the accredited HPV test in 2022 (to BD Onclarity), that test will be used from the timepoint of the change and onwards.

In the pilot of the study, follow-up is defined as follows:

1. For those women who are at the highest risk (previous glandular cell changes without follow-up), all HPV-positive women are referred via SMS directly to a women's clinic for investigation. HPV-negative women in this group have no increased risk and receive a text message with a calming message.
2. Women of an age above the screening program but who have either had a cell change that is not followed up or who have not participated at all in the last 10 years are treated in the same way as in paragraph 1.
3. Finally, the women of screening age who have not taken a cell sample for more than 15 years are identified. This group receive an SMS and HPV-positive women are referred, via SMS, for renewed sampling by a specially trained so-called dysplasia midwife. The sample is now being analyzed for both cytology and HPV. If the woman is HPV positive in both tests and in the case of deviating cytology, the woman is referred to a women's clinic. In other cases a text message with a reassuring message is sent.

The study has the usual level of confidence (p <0.05 two-sided) and statistical power (80%) the ability to demonstrate an increase of participation by 3 times or more.

The protocol was piloted in the Region of Skåne in 2019 and then rolled out nationally in 2020.

The study is rolled out nationally with annual linkages to identify women with an excess risk for cervical cancer and an adaptive approach to reaching women with SMS, electronic letters, and physically letters with direct delivery of HPV self-sampling kits or an option to order a self-sampling kid (depending on risk). The study is coordinated centrally and each region has a contact person to whom women who need follow-up are referred.