Obstructive Sleep ApneaMAANCT04079153
Effects of Two Different Amounts of Mandibular Protrusion in OSA Patients Using Mandibular Advancement Appliance
A study testing Mandibular advancement Appliance in people with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, run by University of Malaya at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disease associated with repeated closure of the upper airway during sleep which causes excessive daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness can affects daytime performance undesirably and reduces driving performance causing an increased risk for accidents. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- What is being tested?
- Mandibular advancement Appliance
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2019to 31 May 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Mild and moderate OSA patients who are keen on MAA
- Severe OSA who had refuse CPAP
- Aged 18 years and older
- Without any form of prior treatment
- Absence of any structural obstruction examined by otolaryngologist
- Sufficient set of teeth to hold the appliance
Who cannot join
- Presence of periodontal disease
- Exaggerated gag reflex and temporomandibular joint disorder
- Significant co-morbidity that could endanger the patient's health
- Any psychiatric or neurological diseases previously known that could impair the compliance
- Any medication intake that can influence sleep
- Co-existing sleep disorders other than OSA for instance insomnia, central sleep apnea and etc
- Pregnant candidates
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Malaysia1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya
Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603
Chin Mei H'uah, 0172542296, chinmeihuah@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Effects of Two Different Amounts of Mandibular Protrusion in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Using Mandibular Advancement Appliance : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disease associated with repeated closure of the upper airway during sleep which causes excessive daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness can affects daytime performance undesirably and reduces driving performance causing an increased risk for accidents. It can also lead to high blood pressure, strokes, and eventually death.
Until now, there is no standardize value for the jaw advancement for the mandibular advancement appliance. It was found that when comparing the jaw advancement amount of 50% and above 50%, there is no additional efficacy. Efficacy of jaw advancement below 50% is lacking. Patients usually experience more complications with more advancement, there the investigators need to study the optimal mandibular advancement with least complication to the patients.
Read the detailed description
This is a single-center, double blind (patients and sleep analyst) prospective randomized controlled trial to be conducted at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya.
Eligible and consented patients will be randomized into three groups using block randomization with allocation concealment. Patients in Group 1 and 2 will receive MAA set at 25%, 50% of maximum mandibular advancement respectively.
A general medical history will be recorded. Demographic data will be obtained from patients. Baseline measurements will be recorded as T0.
Alginate impressions of the upper and lower dental arches will be taken. Respective mandibular advancement record i.e. at 25% and 50% as assigned by block randomization will be registered using George Gauge. Monobloc type of MAA will then be custom-made for each patient.
Upon issue of MAA, patients will be given detailed instructions for the insertion, removal, storage, and maintenance of MAA. Patients will be advised to wear the MAA every night during sleep. Each patient will be reviewed one week after issue to assess for any problems encountered, adjust the MAA for comfort, and reinforce wear for compliance. Subsequent follow up will be scheduled at every 4-6 weeks. 6 months later, outcome measurements will be recorded as T1.
Baseline and outcome measurements at T0 and T1:
Baseline measurements will be performed prior to intervention (T0) and outcome measurements will be performed 6 months after issue of MAA (T1). Apnea-hypopnea index, minimum oxygen saturation, blood pressure, Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS), Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index(SAQLI) and dental changes will be measured for both baseline and outcome records. Compliance to MAA and secondary effects caused by MAA will be assessed at T1.
Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), minimum oxygen saturation (Min SaO2) and blood pressure:
AHI and MinSaO2 will be obtained from an overnight polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep laboratory, University of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC). Patient will be instructed to wear the MAA during PSG at T1.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS):
Daytime sleepiness is to be assessed using ESS. The Malay, Tamil, Mandarin, or English version of the ESS, wherever applicable will be completed by patients.
Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life (SAQLI):
Patient will be interviewed for quality of life assessment using Malay or English version of SAQLI, wherever appropriate.
Compliance to MAA:
Compliance to MAA will be assessed using self-administered diary. Upon issue of MAA, each patient will be given a customized diary to record the frequency of MAA wear daily. The diary will be collected at every review at 4-6 weeks for analysis by calculating the percentage of night per week of wearing the MAA.
Secondary Changes after wearing MAA:
Secondary effect will be evaluated in a structured interview at every review at 4-6 weeks. Temporomandibular joint will be assessed using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD).
Dental Changes after wearing MAA:
Dental changes will be measured with digital caliper and analysed using manual model analysis. The impressions for study models will be taken at T0 and T1.
Blinding:
A single clinician will treat all the patients and one dental technician will make all the MAA. The patient will be blinded to the amount of mandibular advancement. Sleep technician who carries out PSG will also be blinded. Clinician, however, is unable to be blinded due to the need to prescribe the MAA according to the randomization. All the data collected will be coded prior to blinded data analysis.
Proposed Data analysis:
All analyses are to be conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Shapiro-Wilk normality test will be used to evaluate for skewness. Parametric test will be used if the result is assumed normal but if not, non-parametric test will be used instead. Proposed parametric test are paired-sample t tests to test the null hypothesis of no differences AHI, MinSaO2, blood pressure, ESS, SAQLI, compliance and secondary effects, dental changes and demographic baselines between two groups. For the effect of different protrusion amounts and the difference in baseline body mass index(BMI) for both groups, independent T-test will be used instead.
- Conditions
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Being tested
- Mandibular advancement Appliance
- Keywords
- mandibular advancement appliance, protrusion
- Medical subject headings
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mandibular advancement ApplianceDevice
Advances the mandible at desired range at a fixed vertical dimension
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 25% of maximal mandibular advancement | Active comparator | 25% of maximal mandibular advancement of individual protrusion range Receives: Device: Mandibular advancement Appliance |
| 50% of maximal mandibular advancement | Active comparator | 50% of maximal mandibular advancement of individual protrusion range Receives: Device: Mandibular advancement Appliance |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)
Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) is one of the parameters obtained from polysomnography(PSG) to determine the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea.
The AHI is the number of apneas or hypopneas recorded during the study per hour of sleep. It is generally expressed as the number of events per hour. Based on the AHI, the severity of OSA is classified as follows:
None/Minimal: AHI < 5 per hour; Mild: AHI ≥ 5, but < 15 per hour; Moderate: AHI ≥ 15, but < 30 per hour and Severe: AHI ≥ 30 per hour.
For comparison with other studies, we will also calculate the percentage of patients achieving: (1) reduction in AHI ≥50%; (2) AHI <10; and (3) AHI <5, together with the success criteria defining complete response(CR) as resolution of symptoms and outcome AHI <5, and partial response(PR) as improvement of symptoms and reduction in AHI ≥50% but outcome AHI ≥5. Failure(F) was defined as a reduction in AHI <50% and ⁄ or ongoing symptoms.
Measured: 6 months
Secondary outcomes (8)
Change in Blood Pressure
Compare both systolic and diastolic blood pressure level in pre-treatment and post-treatment
Measured: 6 months
Change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
The ESS is a self-administered questionnaire that evaluates subjective daytime sleepiness. It is usually used as one of the a screening test before sending patients for further evaluation. There are a total of 8 questions. The score ranges from 0 to 24 and is usually raised in sleep apnoea patients, indicating an increased chance to fall asleep. Each question is scored 0 to 3: the total score can vary from 0(no sleepiness) to 24(severe somnolence). A reduction in score would indicate patient has improve condition of alertness.
Measured: 6 months
Change in minimum oxygen saturation (MinSaO2)
Reductions in blood oxygen levels (desaturation) are recorded during polysomnography(PSG).
At sea level, a normal blood oxygen level (saturation) is usually 96 - 97%. Although there are no generally accepted classifications for severity of oxygen desaturation, reductions to not less than 90% usually are considered mild. Dips into the 80 - 89% range can be considered moderate, and those below 80% are severe.
Measured: 6 months
Change in Quality of Life: Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI)
Each of the four SAQLI domains of normal daily routine, social interactions, emotional functioning, and symptoms were similar across strata of disease severity and sex.
The SAQLI uses a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (maximal impairment) to 7 (no impairment). Domain scores are averaged by dividing by the number of questions answered, and the total score is averaged over the four domains so that all scores maintain a total range of 1 to 7. Unlike other quality of life questionnaires, the SAQLI includes a fifth domain, to capture some of the adverse consequences of currently available therapies for sleep apnoea. This fifth domain, comprising treatment-related symptoms, is used after an intervention, and is subtracted from the other four domains in determining the total SAQLI score.
The higher the score, the better is the quality of life.
Measured: 6 months
Compliance of wearing the mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)
Compliance will be assessed through compliance diary (percent of nights per week of wearing). Reasons for non-compliance and secondary effects will be evaluated in a structured interview. The stated reasons that lead to non-compliance was investigated.
Measured: 6 months
Secondary effects of wearing mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)
Reasons for non-compliance can be a contributor to secondary effects. The secondary effects caused by mandibular advancement appliance that affects the compliance can be obtained in a structured interview.
The secondary effect can be excessive salivation, dry mouth, gum irritation, aching of teeth for at least an hour, transient/temporary changes in bite after wake up from sleep, difficulty in chewing in the morning, difficulty in chewing with your back teeth that persist most of the day, appliance frequently dislodge during sleep, difficult to breath through the appliance, pain/aching in jaw joint or jaw muscles and/ or others as suggested by the subjects.
Measured: 6 months
Dental changes after wearing mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)-overjet, overbite, intercanine width, intermolar width and arch length
Dental changes were measured using digital caliper on study models. The electric digital caliper used has an accuracy of 0.01 mm by comparing the study models in overjet, overbite, intercanine width, intermolar width and arch length. Overjet (OJ) is defined as the distance between the upper and lower incisors in the horizontal plane. Overbite (OB) is defined as the vertical overlap of the anterior teeth. Intercanine arch width is the distance between cusp tip points of the right and left canines. Intermolar width is the distance between the mesiobuccal cusp tip points of the first permanent molars. Arch Length is defined as the distance from the line perpendicular to the mesiobuccal cusp tips of the first permanent molars to the midpoint between the mesioincisal points of the central incisors.
Measured: 6 months
Dental changes after wearing mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)-Little's irregularity Index
Dental changes were measured using digital caliper on study models. The electric digital caliper used has an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Little's Irregularity Index is an index used to measure the crowding of mandibular anterior arch. As the crowding increases, the score will increase. The number correspond to the distance in mm of the sum of horizontal displacements of the anatomical contact points of the mandibular anterior teeth. The scale of the index is as listed below.
0 - Perfect alignment; 1-3 - Minimal irregularity; 4-6 - Moderate irregularity; 7-9 - Severe irregularity and 10 - Very severe irregularity
Measured: 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Sep 2019
- Study start1 Aug 2019
- Primary completion31 May 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion31 May 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Obstructive Sleep ApneaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of MalayaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Group A will be assigned for intervention group, whereby patients will receive their MAA set at 25% of mandibular maximal protrusion while Group B will be assigned for control group, whereby patients will receive their MAA set at 50% of mandibular maximal protrusion.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Malaya
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr Chin Mei H'uah, University of Malaya
- Investigators
- Lau May Nak, Study director, University of Malaya
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04079153
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019421-7342
- Acronym
- MAA
- Status last verified
- Sep 2020
- First submitted
- 28 Aug 2019
- Last updated
- 29 Sep 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Sep 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Two Different Amounts of Mandibular Protrusion in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Using Mandibular Advancement Appliance : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04079153
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MAA / 2019421-7342
- Conditions
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Keywords
- mandibular advancement appliance, protrusion
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MalayaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 May 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 May 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 6 Sep 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disease associated with repeated closure of the upper airway during sleep which causes excessive daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness can affects daytime performance undesirably and reduces driving performance causing an increased risk for accidents. It can also lead to high blood pressure, strokes, and eventually death.
Until now, there is no standardize value for the jaw advancement for the mandibular advancement appliance. It was found that when comparing the jaw advancement amount of 50% and above 50%, there is no additional efficacy. Efficacy of jaw advancement below 50% is lacking. Patients usually experience more complications with more advancement, there the investigators need to study the optimal mandibular advancement with least complication to the patients.
Detailed description
This is a single-center, double blind (patients and sleep analyst) prospective randomized controlled trial to be conducted at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya.
Eligible and consented patients will be randomized into three groups using block randomization with allocation concealment. Patients in Group 1 and 2 will receive MAA set at 25%, 50% of maximum mandibular advancement respectively.
A general medical history will be recorded. Demographic data will be obtained from patients. Baseline measurements will be recorded as T0.
Alginate impressions of the upper and lower dental arches will be taken. Respective mandibular advancement record i.e. at 25% and 50% as assigned by block randomization will be registered using George Gauge. Monobloc type of MAA will then be custom-made for each patient.
Upon issue of MAA, patients will be given detailed instructions for the insertion, removal, storage, and maintenance of MAA. Patients will be advised to wear the MAA every night during sleep. Each patient will be reviewed one week after issue to assess for any problems encountered, adjust the MAA for comfort, and reinforce wear for compliance. Subsequent follow up will be scheduled at every 4-6 weeks. 6 months later, outcome measurements will be recorded as T1.
Baseline and outcome measurements at T0 and T1:
Baseline measurements will be performed prior to intervention (T0) and outcome measurements will be performed 6 months after issue of MAA (T1). Apnea-hypopnea index, minimum oxygen saturation, blood pressure, Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS), Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index(SAQLI) and dental changes will be measured for both baseline and outcome records. Compliance to MAA and secondary effects caused by MAA will be assessed at T1.
Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), minimum oxygen saturation (Min SaO2) and blood pressure:
AHI and MinSaO2 will be obtained from an overnight polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep laboratory, University of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC). Patient will be instructed to wear the MAA during PSG at T1.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS):
Daytime sleepiness is to be assessed using ESS. The Malay, Tamil, Mandarin, or English version of the ESS, wherever applicable will be completed by patients.
Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life (SAQLI):
Patient will be interviewed for quality of life assessment using Malay or English version of SAQLI, wherever appropriate.
Compliance to MAA:
Compliance to MAA will be assessed using self-administered diary. Upon issue of MAA, each patient will be given a customized diary to record the frequency of MAA wear daily. The diary will be collected at every review at 4-6 weeks for analysis by calculating the percentage of night per week of wearing the MAA.
Secondary Changes after wearing MAA:
Secondary effect will be evaluated in a structured interview at every review at 4-6 weeks. Temporomandibular joint will be assessed using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD).
Dental Changes after wearing MAA:
Dental changes will be measured with digital caliper and analysed using manual model analysis. The impressions for study models will be taken at T0 and T1.
Blinding:
A single clinician will treat all the patients and one dental technician will make all the MAA. The patient will be blinded to the amount of mandibular advancement. Sleep technician who carries out PSG will also be blinded. Clinician, however, is unable to be blinded due to the need to prescribe the MAA according to the randomization. All the data collected will be coded prior to blinded data analysis.
Proposed Data analysis:
All analyses are to be conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Shapiro-Wilk normality test will be used to evaluate for skewness. Parametric test will be used if the result is assumed normal but if not, non-parametric test will be used instead. Proposed parametric test are paired-sample t tests to test the null hypothesis of no differences AHI, MinSaO2, blood pressure, ESS, SAQLI, compliance and secondary effects, dental changes and demographic baselines between two groups. For the effect of different protrusion amounts and the difference in baseline body mass index(BMI) for both groups, independent T-test will be used instead.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Group A will be assigned for intervention group, whereby patients will receive their MAA set at 25% of mandibular maximal protrusion while Group B will be assigned for control group, whereby patients will receive their MAA set at 50% of mandibular maximal protrusion.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 25% of maximal mandibular advancement | Active comparator | Device: Mandibular advancement Appliance25% of maximal mandibular advancement of individual protrusion range |
| 50% of maximal mandibular advancement | Active comparator | Device: Mandibular advancement Appliance50% of maximal mandibular advancement of individual protrusion range |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Mild and moderate OSA patients who are keen on MAA
- Severe OSA who had refuse CPAP
- Aged 18 years and older
- Without any form of prior treatment
- Absence of any structural obstruction examined by otolaryngologist
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Presence of periodontal disease
- Exaggerated gag reflex and temporomandibular joint disorder
- Significant co-morbidity that could endanger the patient's health
- Any psychiatric or neurological diseases previously known that could impair the compliance
- Any medication intake that can influence sleep
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mandibular advancement ApplianceAdvances the mandible at desired range at a fixed vertical dimension | Device | 25% of maximal mandibular advancement, 50% of maximal mandibular advancement |
Primary outcome
Change in Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)
Time frame: 6 months
Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) is one of the parameters obtained from polysomnography(PSG) to determine the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. The AHI is the number of apneas or hypopneas recorded during the study per hour of sleep. It is generally expressed as the number of events per hour. Based on the AHI, the severity of OSA is classified as follows: None/Minimal: AHI < 5 per hour; Mild: AHI ≥ 5, but < 15 per hour; Moderate: AHI ≥ 15, but < 30 per hour and Severe: AHI ≥ 30 per hour. For comparison with other studies, we will also calculate the percentage of patients achieving: (1) reduction in AHI ≥50%; (2) AHI <10; and (3) AHI <5, together with the success criteria defining complete response(CR) as resolution of symptoms and outcome AHI <5, and partial response(PR) as improvement of symptoms and reduction in AHI ≥50% but outcome AHI ≥5. Failure(F) was defined as a reduction in AHI <50% and ⁄ or ongoing symptoms.
8 secondary outcomes
Change in Blood Pressure
Time frame: 6 months
Change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
Time frame: 6 months
Change in minimum oxygen saturation (MinSaO2)
Time frame: 6 months
Change in Quality of Life: Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI)
Time frame: 6 months
Compliance of wearing the mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)
Time frame: 6 months
Secondary effects of wearing mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)
Time frame: 6 months
Dental changes after wearing mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)-overjet, overbite, intercanine width, intermolar width and arch length
Time frame: 6 months
Dental changes after wearing mandibular advancement appliance(MAA)-Little's irregularity Index
Time frame: 6 months
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Sep 2020.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lau May Nak study director
University of Malaya
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mandibular advancement Appliance in people with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, run by University of Malaya at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Sep 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Chin Mei H'uah (0172542296, chinmeihuah@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (time frame: 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Sep 2020.