Study of the Genome, Gut Metagenome and Diet of Patients With Incident Parkinson's Disease

Physical Activity Questionnaire - information on physical activity comprising 16 questions grouped in four domains: activity at work (1), travel to and from places (2), recreational activities (3), sedentary behaviour (4).

Food frequency questionnaire assesses usual intake and portion size of more than 130 foods and beverages and more than 25 dietary supplements for the last 12 months. Responses are evaluated and analyzed to assess a dietary pattern for each group of subjects.

The Bristol stool scale is a diagnostic medical metric designed to classify the form of human faeces into seven categories

Change in the number of stool per week

According to SF-36 questionnaire The Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) It is a self-administered questionnaire comprising 36-items measuring eight dimensions of general HRQOL: physical functioning (10 items), role limitation due to physical health problems (4 items), bodily pain (2 items), general health perceptions (5 items), vitality (4 items), social functioning (2 items), role limitations due to emotional problems (3 items), and general mental health (5 items). In addition to scores for individual dimensions, two summary scores assessing physical and mental dimensions of health and well-being can also be calculated: Physical Component Summary (PCS) score and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score, respectively

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) The aim of this study is to measure patients anxiety and depression, using the HADS : Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale.

Scores of the HADS scale can be defined as:

By adding the points of the answers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13: we obtain the "Total A" which corresponds to the measure of the anxiety, then:

7 or less: absence of symptomatology; 8 to 10: doubtful symptomatology; 11 and above: certain symptomatology.

By adding the points of the answers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14: we obtain the "Total B" which corresponds to the measure of the depression, then:

7 or less: absence of symptomatology; 8 to 10: doubtful symptomatology; 11 and above: certain symptomatology. The minimal score is 0 and the maximal total score is 42

The MoCA assesses several cognitive domains:

The short-term memory recall task (5 points) involves two learning trials of five nouns and delayed recall after approximately five minutes.

Visuospatial abilities are assessed using a clock-drawing task (3 points) and a three-dimensional cube copy (1 point).

Multiple aspects of executive functions are assessed using an alternation task adapted from the trail-making B task (1 point), a phonemic fluency task (1 point), and a two-item verbal abstraction task (2 points).

Attention, concentration, and working memory are evaluated using a sustained attention task (target detection using tapping; 1 point), a serial subtraction task (3 points), and digits forward and backward (1 point each).

Language is assessed using a three-item confrontation naming task with low-familiarity animals (lion, camel, rhinoceros; 3 points), repetition of two syntactically complex sentences (2 points), and the aforementioned fluency task.