Recreational Basket Ball PlayersNCT04128826
Triceps Range of Motion Exercise on Shooting Accuracy
A study testing Resistance Training in people with Recreational Basket Ball Players, run by Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
Theories support that nearly all the movements performed by athletes- from rebounding to steal the basketball, to riding a bicycle occur within a small range of motion and training in partial range can improve the isometric strength within the range of motion which it is trained and also increase the full range of… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Recreational Basket Ball Players
- What is being tested?
- Resistance Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 6 Jan 2019to 22 Mar 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male Recreational Basket Ball Players
- Age 18 to 25 years
- Height 1.7 to 1.8 meters
Who cannot join
- Female Gender
- Professional Basket Ball Payers
- Presence of Musculo-skeletal Injury in past 6 months
- Performance enhancing Drugs
- Any influence of any Medication that can affect Balance and Co-ordination
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Triceps Range of Motion Exercise on Shooting Accuracy Among Recreational Basket Ball Players
Theories support that nearly all the movements performed by athletes- from rebounding to steal the basketball, to riding a bicycle occur within a small range of motion and training in partial range can improve the isometric strength within the range of motion which it is trained and also increase the full range of motion (FROM) strength as well. The best training method to improve the shooting accuracy among basketball players remains unclear, despite the numerous training methods being available. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of tricpes full range of motion vs triceps partial range of motion training on shooting accuracy among recreational basket ball players. The previous research has mostly focused on measuring the isokinetic strength at different speed in relation to shooting accuracy and there is limited research which has explored the triceps strength using partial range exercise.
Read the detailed description
Optimally designed exercise protocols for weight training are are based on scientific principles which manipulate essential training variables, including the order of the exercise, frequency, volume, intensity, rest intervals between sets, and others. The distance covered by the repetition that is carried out within a restricted part of a repetition is defined as a partial repetition (PR). The starting range of motion or range which is close to full range of the repetition are most commonly focused in most cases of sports training's. It is because of the muscle length-tension relationship, activation of the muscle and total mass of muscle, the muscle strength which is produced by full range of the movement of any particular joint will vary. In resistance training, the training range is most beneficial and effective if the repetition is stopped right before the full contraction is achieved, as this stopping prevents the load being always applied to the working muscle. For some of the exercises, the risk of a muscle tear is increased by the point of total contraction on the negative movement because muscle fibers are stretched way beyond the control point. Partial range of motion (PROM) is a mode of training which is not a recent finding and has projected some beneficial effects and efficiency in improving the outcomes in addition of improving the isometric strength. When the shoulder is elevated beyond 90°, the medial head of the triceps is activated the most. During basketball shooting, the medial head of triceps is important as the shoulder elevation is more than 90° when performing a jump shooting. According to this analysis of muscle force and activation of each head of triceps in relation to motion of shoulder elevation and elbow angle, it shows that medial head is most activated at 180° of shoulder elevation and between 60° to 110° of elbow extension. Thus, it can be suggested that when performing a jump shooting with shoulder elevation more than 90°, the medial head of triceps helps in forceful extension of arm to throw the basketball. PROM resistance training is proven to have positive effects in strength gain in various ranges and isokinetic strength of triceps that are correlated with shooting accuracy. This study will investigate the effectiveness of FROM and PROM training in improving shooting accuracy as there is dearth in current literature on triceps isotonic strength of different range of motion on shooting accuracy. This will be a single blinded randomized control trial study and a total of male 30 participants would be recruited using purposive sampling method. Participants will be assigned into three groups; FROM, PROM and control group (CON). Using the cable machine, shoulders will be flexed to 180° for both groups throughout the training; FROM will train with full elbow extension (complete elbow flexion to extension) whereas PROM would train with partial elbow extension from 60° to 110°. Both groups will perform at 67% of 1 repetition maximum with 10 repetition in one set, and a total of 4 sets will be carried out by each group. A rest period of 2 minutes will be permitted between sets. A total of 8 sessions, 2 sessions/week (muscle soreness is reduced greatly after 72 hours of rest after exercise will be carried out by both groups. CON group will not participate in training protocol. All the participants will be tested as baseline and at the end of four weeks training using three point shooting (S3P). The shooting accuracy will be measured using S3P method. The subjects will be required to perform 3 sets of the test to get an average score. There will be 5 positions marked on the basketball court, each point at a distance of 6.25m away from the hoop. The first point will be set at the right wing of the court, which is at 0° to the hoop, the second point will be set 45° away from the first point, and also 6.25 m from the hoop, third point at 90°, facing the board and the hoop, also marked 6.25 m away from the hoop. The 4th and 5th point will be similar to 1st and 2nd point, just that the points will be marked to the left side of the court. Each player will shot for 10 points in one set, 2 points from each point.
- Conditions
- Recreational Basket Ball Players
- Being tested
- Resistance Training
- Keywords
- Partial Range of Motion, Full Range of Motion
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Resistance TrainingOther
Using the cable machine, shoulders will be flexed to 180° for both (PROM \& FROM) groups throughout the training; FROM would train with full elbow extension (complete elbow flexion to extension) whereas PROM will train with partial elbow extension from 60° to 110°. A total of 8 sessions, 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks will be carried out by both groups. CON group will not participate in training protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Partial Range of Motion (PROM) | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Resistance Training |
| Full Range of Motion (FROM) | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Resistance Training |
| Control (CON) | No intervention | Not described |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
three point shooting (S3P)
The shooting accuracy will be measured via 3 attempts of S3P method. The subjects will be required to perform 3 sets of the test to get an average score. 5 positions will be marked on the basketball court, each point 6.25m away from the hoop. The first point would be set at the right wing of the court, which is at 0° to the hoop, the second point will be set 45° away from the first point, and also 6.25 m from the hoop, third point at 90°, facing the board and the hoop, also marked 6.25 m away from the hoop. The 4th and 5th point will be similar to 1st and 2nd point, just that the points would be marked the left side of the court. Each player will shot for 10 points in one set, 2 points from each point.
Measured: At baseline (before intervention begun) and 1 day post 4 weeks of training
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Oct 2019
- Study start6 Jan 2019
- Primary completion9 Mar 2021
- Study completion22 Mar 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Recreational Basket Ball PlayersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Imtiyaz Ali Mir, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04128826
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UMFD3026
- Status last verified
- Jun 2021
- First submitted
- 14 Oct 2019
- Last updated
- 22 Jun 2021
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Pinto RS, Gomes N, Radaelli R, Botton CE, Brown LE, Bottaro M. Effect of range of motion on muscle strength and thickness. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Aug;26(8):2140-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823a3b15.
PubMed 22027847Richardson, K. (2013). Partial Reps vs Full Range Of Motion- What Works Best?. Naturally Intense Diet & Fitness Blog. Retrieved 10 October 2018. https://naturallyintense.net/blog/exercise/weight-training/partial-reps-vs-full-range-of-motion-what-works-best/
Locke B (2005). Effective Full Range of Motion. Bodybuilding.com. Retrieved 10 October 2018. https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/teen-locke3.htm
Newmire DE, Willoughby DS. Partial Compared with Full Range of Motion Resistance Training for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Brief Review and an Identification of Potential Mechanisms. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Sep;32(9):2652-2664. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002723.
PubMed 29985227Massey CD, Vincent J, Maneval M, Moore M, Johnson JT. An analysis of full range of motion vs. partial range of motion training in the development of strength in untrained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Aug;18(3):518-21. doi: 10.1519/13263.1.
PubMed 15320644Kholinne E, Zulkarnain RF, Sun YC, Lim S, Chun JM, Jeon IH. The different role of each head of the triceps brachii muscle in elbow extension. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2018 May;52(3):201-205. doi: 10.1016/j.aott.2018.02.005. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
PubMed 29503079Baechle, T., R. Earle, And D. Wathen (2016) . Resistance training. In: Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning.T.R.Baechle and R.W. Earle, eds. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000. pp. 395-425.
Baroni BM, Pompermayer MG, Cini A, Peruzzolo AS, Radaelli R, Brusco CM, Pinto RS. Full Range of Motion Induces Greater Muscle Damage Than Partial Range of Motion in Elbow Flexion Exercise With Free Weights. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):2223-2230. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001562.
PubMed 27398917Mir IA, Mohd Jamali MNZ, Humayra S, Chong KW, Amalnerkar T, Sirajudeen MS. Partial versus full range of motion triceps strength training on shooting accuracy among recreational basketball players: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Mar 6;17(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01060-2.
PubMed 40051008
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Jun 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Triceps Range of Motion Exercise on Shooting Accuracy Among Recreational Basket Ball Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04128826
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- UMFD3026
- Conditions
- Recreational Basket Ball Players
- Keywords
- Partial Range of Motion, Full Range of Motion
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 6 Jan 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 9 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Mar 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Oct 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Theories support that nearly all the movements performed by athletes- from rebounding to steal the basketball, to riding a bicycle occur within a small range of motion and training in partial range can improve the isometric strength within the range of motion which it is trained and also increase the full range of motion (FROM) strength as well. The best training method to improve the shooting accuracy among basketball players remains unclear, despite the numerous training methods being available. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of tricpes full range of motion vs triceps partial range of motion training on shooting accuracy among recreational basket ball players. The previous research has mostly focused on measuring the isokinetic strength at different speed in relation to shooting accuracy and there is limited research which has explored the triceps strength using partial range exercise.
Detailed description
Optimally designed exercise protocols for weight training are are based on scientific principles which manipulate essential training variables, including the order of the exercise, frequency, volume, intensity, rest intervals between sets, and others. The distance covered by the repetition that is carried out within a restricted part of a repetition is defined as a partial repetition (PR). The starting range of motion or range which is close to full range of the repetition are most commonly focused in most cases of sports training's. It is because of the muscle length-tension relationship, activation of the muscle and total mass of muscle, the muscle strength which is produced by full range of the movement of any particular joint will vary. In resistance training, the training range is most beneficial and effective if the repetition is stopped right before the full contraction is achieved, as this stopping prevents the load being always applied to the working muscle. For some of the exercises, the risk of a muscle tear is increased by the point of total contraction on the negative movement because muscle fibers are stretched way beyond the control point. Partial range of motion (PROM) is a mode of training which is not a recent finding and has projected some beneficial effects and efficiency in improving the outcomes in addition of improving the isometric strength. When the shoulder is elevated beyond 90°, the medial head of the triceps is activated the most. During basketball shooting, the medial head of triceps is important as the shoulder elevation is more than 90° when performing a jump shooting. According to this analysis of muscle force and activation of each head of triceps in relation to motion of shoulder elevation and elbow angle, it shows that medial head is most activated at 180° of shoulder elevation and between 60° to 110° of elbow extension. Thus, it can be suggested that when performing a jump shooting with shoulder elevation more than 90°, the medial head of triceps helps in forceful extension of arm to throw the basketball. PROM resistance training is proven to have positive effects in strength gain in various ranges and isokinetic strength of triceps that are correlated with shooting accuracy. This study will investigate the effectiveness of FROM and PROM training in improving shooting accuracy as there is dearth in current literature on triceps isotonic strength of different range of motion on shooting accuracy. This will be a single blinded randomized control trial study and a total of male 30 participants would be recruited using purposive sampling method. Participants will be assigned into three groups; FROM, PROM and control group (CON). Using the cable machine, shoulders will be flexed to 180° for both groups throughout the training; FROM will train with full elbow extension (complete elbow flexion to extension) whereas PROM would train with partial elbow extension from 60° to 110°. Both groups will perform at 67% of 1 repetition maximum with 10 repetition in one set, and a total of 4 sets will be carried out by each group. A rest period of 2 minutes will be permitted between sets. A total of 8 sessions, 2 sessions/week (muscle soreness is reduced greatly after 72 hours of rest after exercise will be carried out by both groups. CON group will not participate in training protocol. All the participants will be tested as baseline and at the end of four weeks training using three point shooting (S3P). The shooting accuracy will be measured using S3P method. The subjects will be required to perform 3 sets of the test to get an average score. There will be 5 positions marked on the basketball court, each point at a distance of 6.25m away from the hoop. The first point will be set at the right wing of the court, which is at 0° to the hoop, the second point will be set 45° away from the first point, and also 6.25 m from the hoop, third point at 90°, facing the board and the hoop, also marked 6.25 m away from the hoop. The 4th and 5th point will be similar to 1st and 2nd point, just that the points will be marked to the left side of the court. Each player will shot for 10 points in one set, 2 points from each point.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Partial Range of Motion (PROM) | Experimental | Other: Resistance Training |
| Full Range of Motion (FROM) | Experimental | Other: Resistance Training |
| Control (CON) | No intervention | – |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Male Recreational Basket Ball Players
- Age 18 to 25 years
- Height 1.7 to 1.8 meters
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Female Gender
- Professional Basket Ball Payers
- Presence of Musculo-skeletal Injury in past 6 months
- Performance enhancing Drugs
- Any influence of any Medication that can affect Balance and Co-ordination
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Resistance TrainingUsing the cable machine, shoulders will be flexed to 180° for both (PROM \& FROM) groups throughout the training; FROM would train with full elbow extension (complete elbow flexion to extension) whereas PROM will train with partial elbow extension from 60° to 110°. A total of 8 sessions, 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks will be carried out by both groups. CON group will not participate in training protocol. | Other | Full Range of Motion (FROM), Partial Range of Motion (PROM) |
Primary outcome
three point shooting (S3P)
Time frame: At baseline (before intervention begun) and 1 day post 4 weeks of training
The shooting accuracy will be measured via 3 attempts of S3P method. The subjects will be required to perform 3 sets of the test to get an average score. 5 positions will be marked on the basketball court, each point 6.25m away from the hoop. The first point would be set at the right wing of the court, which is at 0° to the hoop, the second point will be set 45° away from the first point, and also 6.25 m from the hoop, third point at 90°, facing the board and the hoop, also marked 6.25 m away from the hoop. The 4th and 5th point will be similar to 1st and 2nd point, just that the points would be marked the left side of the court. Each player will shot for 10 points in one set, 2 points from each point.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Jun 2021.
- Background: PubMed 22027847Pinto RS, Gomes N, Radaelli R, Botton CE, Brown LE, Bottaro M. Effect of range of motion on muscle strength and thickness. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Aug;26(8):2140-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823a3b15.
- BackgroundRichardson, K. (2013). Partial Reps vs Full Range Of Motion- What Works Best?. Naturally Intense Diet & Fitness Blog. Retrieved 10 October 2018. https://naturallyintense.net/blog/exercise/weight-training/partial-reps-vs-full-range-of-motion-what-works-best/
- BackgroundLocke B (2005). Effective Full Range of Motion. Bodybuilding.com. Retrieved 10 October 2018. https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/teen-locke3.htm
- Background: PubMed 29985227Newmire DE, Willoughby DS. Partial Compared with Full Range of Motion Resistance Training for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Brief Review and an Identification of Potential Mechanisms. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Sep;32(9):2652-2664. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002723.
- Background: PubMed 15320644Massey CD, Vincent J, Maneval M, Moore M, Johnson JT. An analysis of full range of motion vs. partial range of motion training in the development of strength in untrained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Aug;18(3):518-21. doi: 10.1519/13263.1.
- Background: PubMed 29503079Kholinne E, Zulkarnain RF, Sun YC, Lim S, Chun JM, Jeon IH. The different role of each head of the triceps brachii muscle in elbow extension. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2018 May;52(3):201-205. doi: 10.1016/j.aott.2018.02.005. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
- BackgroundBaechle, T., R. Earle, And D. Wathen (2016) . Resistance training. In: Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning.T.R.Baechle and R.W. Earle, eds. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000. pp. 395-425.
- Background: PubMed 27398917Baroni BM, Pompermayer MG, Cini A, Peruzzolo AS, Radaelli R, Brusco CM, Pinto RS. Full Range of Motion Induces Greater Muscle Damage Than Partial Range of Motion in Elbow Flexion Exercise With Free Weights. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):2223-2230. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001562.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40051008Mir IA, Mohd Jamali MNZ, Humayra S, Chong KW, Amalnerkar T, Sirajudeen MS. Partial versus full range of motion triceps strength training on shooting accuracy among recreational basketball players: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Mar 6;17(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01060-2.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Resistance Training in people with Recreational Basket Ball Players, run by Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Jun 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
three point shooting (S3P) (time frame: At baseline (before intervention begun) and 1 day post 4 weeks of training). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04128826, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Jun 2021.