Kayak Polo Athletes

To assess the scapular dyskinesia, one of the most expanded tests in terms of the evaluation of the scapular kinematics will be used: the SDT. It consists of an observational assessment: the subject to study will be placed in standing position with his back to the examiner and performed between 5-10 shoulder abductions and the same number of shoulder flexions bilaterally (Figure 2-1) with a light load on each hand; The examiner is positioned so that he can observe the scapular kinematics without interference. Once done, it is classified as: absence of scapular dyskinesia or presence of scapular dyskinesia (subtle or obvious). It is a test with moderate inter-examiner reliability and high intra-examiner reliability.

The glenohumeral apprehension test (IGH) is used to evaluate IGH. This test consisted of placing the subject in standing position with 90º shoulder abduction and 90º elbow flexion passively. From this position, the examiner performs a posteroanterior displacement of the head of the humerus. The test is positive if the examinee shows signs of apprehension (running away from the posture, rotating to avoid displacement of the humeral head, ...) or indicating subjective sensation of instability

Based on the work of Diercks R et al and concluding that a single test is not sufficient to identify the presence of shoulder pathology, the combination of different tests is chosen to make a more reliable diagnosis for SAPS.

To assess the possible shortening of the hip flexor muscles, the modified Thomas test with pelvic stabilization will be used, since without external stabilization authors have determined that it is easy to obtain false positives.

The subject under examination is placed supine on the stretcher with approximately 3/4 of the lower limbs outside the stretcher. From that position a cinch is placed that stabilizes at the level of the anterior superior iliac spines, it is instructed to bring the knees to the chest and hold one of them with the hands. The leg to be evaluated is the one that is extended and the presence of passive hip flexion or not is assessed.

Two measurements are made per lower limb, the test was positive if the subject unintentionally is unable to keep the thigh of the leg to be tested in contact with the stretcher.

It is used for the test of maximum grip strength in upper limb (HGS). With the subject in sitting position, with elbow flexion of 90, he is instructed to perform the maximum clamping force on the hydraulic hand dynamometer, so as to alter as little as possible the initial posture.

The dynamometer is of the analog hydraulic type of the Jamar model SP-5030J1, adjusting the grip according to the size of the subject's hand. This gives us a value that ranged from 0 to 90kg.

To assess the thrust force of the upper limbs, an estimate of the maximum load (in kilograms) capable of moving a single vertical position in a flat bench press is performed, that is, the 1RM assessment is performed during the press exercise. hde banking. 1RM, Refers to the maximum load (in kg) that is able to move a subject in a given movement, which defines the maximum force of a subject for a particular exercise.

It is done by starting with the subject from an upright position with the hands on the iliac crests. From this position the subject performs a flexion quickly followed by an extension of lower limbs which triggers the jump. At no time does the subject help himself with the upper limbs to apply inertia. This assessment is done by using the iPhone application "My Jump 2". First, a profile is created in the application for each subject where it is introduced: body weight, lower limb length measured with tape measure from the trochanter to fingertips with maximum plantar flexion and height from the ground to the trochanter with lower limbs in half-squat with both knees at 90 degrees of flexion. The smartphone and the subject are placed following the scheme shown in Figure 2-3. The subject performs the CMJ and the smartphone by using the slow motion the exact height (in centimeters) of the jump made in a valid way is calculated

The functional capacity of lower limbs is established by the 1 minute Sit-to-stand test. This assessment consists of getting up and sitting from a chair (45 cm high) as many times as possible for a minute. Two series are performed and the average of both measurements is obtained.

This objectification, validated by several authors, offers us a value that is directly proportional to the functional capacity. That is, greater number of repetitions means greater functional capacity of lower limbs.

The functional capacity of upper limbs is established by the 1 minute Push-up test. Push-ups are performed with 4 supports on the floor: both feet and both hands. From this plate position flexion - extension of upper limbs is performed as many times as possible for one minute.

This objectification, validated by several authors, offers us a value that is directly proportional to the functional capacity. That is, greater number of repetitions means greater functional capacity of lower limbs.