StrokeNCT04164381
Robotic Rehabilitation and Cognitive Functions
A study testing Robotic assisted intervention in people with Stroke, run by Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETS at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
A recent multicenter study of the Fondazione Don Gnocchi (FDG) Robotic Rehabilitation Group (NCT02879279) showed the efficacy of robotic rehabilitation in upper limb motor recovery after stroke using a set of robots and sensor-based devices. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 35 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- Robotic assisted intervention
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 51 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 18 Nov 2019to 30 Mar 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 35 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- first ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (verified by MRI or CT);
- time latency within 6 months from stroke (subacute patients);
- age between 35-85 years;
- cognitive abilities adequate to understand the experiments and the follow instructions Token test ≥26.5 (correction as for age and school level);
- upper limb impairment (FMA score ≤58);
- ability to give written consent;
- compliance with the study procedures.
Who cannot join
- history of recurrent stroke;
- inability to understand the instructions required for the study;
- fixed contraction in the affected limb (ankylosis, Modified Ashworth Scale equal to 4);
- severe deficits in visual acuity.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Use of Robotics to Improve Cognitive Functions in Subject With Subacute Stroke: a Bicentric Pilot Study
A recent multicenter study of the Fondazione Don Gnocchi (FDG) Robotic Rehabilitation Group (NCT02879279) showed the efficacy of robotic rehabilitation in upper limb motor recovery after stroke using a set of robots and sensor-based devices. In clinical practice, beside sensory-motor deficits, stroke patients often present concomitant cognitive impairments (as attention and memory disorders). The robotic and technological systems used in the above-mentioned study allow training on some cognitive functions such as visual memory, visual-spatial functions and working memory, as well as motor training of the upper limb. The aim of the study is to assess whether cognitive functions, such as visual memory, visual-spatial skills and working memory (evaluated with specific tests) improve after robotic therapy of the upper limb in subacute stroke patients.
Read the detailed description
It is estimated that up to three quarters of acute and subacute stroke survivors exhibit cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can significantly compromise functional recovery, quality of life, and social engagement after stroke. Indeed, some authors showed that the impairment of cognitive functions can negatively influence rehabilitation strategies. Robotic therapy has been proposed as a viable approach for the rehabilitation of the upper limb, as a way to increase the amount and intensity of the therapy, and to standardize the treatment, adding a complex but controlled multisensory stimulation to the patient. In fact, owing to the complex training environments, robotic and technological devices may promote the re-learning capacity, inducing functional or structural plasticity in brain networks that control both motor and cognitive functions. Our hypothesis is that the cognitive engagement of patients during upper limb robotic therapy can impact on some cognitive functions that are compromised after the stroke.
The current pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of an upper limb robotic rehabilitation treatment on cognitive functions in patients with subacute stroke.
Fifty consecutive patients with sub-acute stroke (within 6 months of the event) will be enrolled in two rehabilitation centers.
All patients will perform a robotic treatment of the upper limb (30 sessions, 5 times a week) using a set of robotic devices. The training will include motor-cognitive exercises specifically selected to train spatial attention, vision and working memory, praxis, executive functions, and speed of processing. Furthermore, patients will undergo a comprehensive rehabilitation program including individual conventional physiotherapy (6 times/week), lasting 45 minutes focused on lower limb, sitting and standing training, balance and walking.
Subjects will be evaluated at baseline (T0) and after treatment (T1). To be included in the analysis, patients will have to undergo at least 25 rehabilitation sessions, without interrupting the treatment (due to clinical complications) for more than six consecutive sessions; otherwise, they will be considered as dropouts.
The effects of the rehabilitation intervention on the upper limb function and disability will be assessed with the following clinical scales: Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA), to evaluate motor function; the Motricity Index (MI), to evaluate muscle strength; the Modified Barthel Index (mBI), to evaluate activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility.
Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) will be performed as screening tool to evaluate cognitive functions. Moreover, the following cognitive tests will be used: 1) Digit Span (attention/short-term memory involving strings/series of digits of varying length); 2) Tower of London (planning and problem solving); 3) STROOP test (Stroop Color and Word Test); 4) Symbol Digit Modalities Test (processing speed of visual stimuli); 5) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) (visuomotor integration).
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- Robotic assisted intervention
- Keywords
- Rehabilitation, Robotics, Cognitive Function
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Robotic assisted interventionDevice
Robotic treatment of the upper limb (30 sessions, 5 times a week) using a set of 4 robotic devices: Motore (Humanware); Amadeo, Diego, Pablo (Tyromotion). The training will include motor-cognitive exercises specifically selected to train spatial attention, vision and working memory, praxis, executive function, and speed of processing.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Robotic assisted intervention | Experimental | Upper limb robotic therapy using a set of robotic and sensor based devices and exercises specifically selected to train cognitive functions. Receives: Device: Robotic assisted intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)
SDMT evaluates information processing speed. It consists of a simple task of replacing symbols with numbers. Using a reference key, the patient has 90 seconds to match a sequence of symbols with the correspondent numbers as rapidly as possible. Both written or oral administration can be used.
For each correct answer, a point is assigned.
Measured: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Tower of London (TOL)
The TOL test is a tool to assess strategic decision and problem solving. The patient is required to move different colored balls on the three pegs of different lengths, according to a model and a number of established moves. The maximum time for each configuration is 60 seconds.
Measured: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Change in Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF).
The ROCF is a neuropsychological assessment for evaluation of visuospatial abilities, memory, attention, planning, working memory and executive functions. The patient is required to copy a complex figure freehand (recognition), and then draw it from memory (recall). The score is assigned based on the correctness of each line (from 0 to 2).
Measured: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Change in Digit Span (DS)
The DS is a test that measures the verbal memory span (digit memory). The patient is required to correctly repeat the sequence of number listened. It is composed by two different tests: the Digits Forward and the Digit Backward. The range for Digit Forward is from 6 to -1.
Measured: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Change in Stroop and Color Word test (SCWT)
The SCWT is a neuropsychological test used to assess the cognitive interference. The patient is required to read three different tables as fast as possible (in 30 seconds): the first contains 100 names of colors ink in black; the second contains 100 shapes of different colors (red, blue, green); the third contains 100 color-words are printed in an inconsistent color ink (for instance the word "red" is printed in green ink).
Measured: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Nov 2019
- Study start18 Nov 2019
- Primary completion30 Mar 2020
- Study completion30 Mar 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETSThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 51 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETS
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Irene Giovanna Aprile, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETS
- Investigators
- Irene Aprile, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETS
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04164381
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FDGCOG_19
- Status last verified
- May 2020
- First submitted
- 13 Nov 2019
- Last updated
- 7 May 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Aprile I, Germanotta M, Cruciani A, Loreti S, Pecchioli C, Cecchi F, Montesano A, Galeri S, Diverio M, Falsini C, Speranza G, Langone E, Papadopoulou D, Padua L, Carrozza MC; FDG Robotic Rehabilitation Group. Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2020 Jan;44(1):3-14. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000295.
PubMed 31834217Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Platz T, Kugler J, Elsner B. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 3;9(9):CD006876. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006876.pub5.
PubMed 30175845Aprile I, Cruciani A, Germanotta M, Gower V, Pecchioli C, Cattaneo D, Vannetti F, Padua L, Gramatica F. Upper Limb Robotics in Rehabilitation: An Approach to Select the Devices, Based on Rehabilitation Aims, and Their Evaluation in a Feasibility Study. Applied Sciences 2019, 9(18), 3920; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183920
Rodgers H, Bosomworth H, Krebs HI, van Wijck F, Howel D, Wilson N, Aird L, Alvarado N, Andole S, Cohen DL, Dawson J, Fernandez-Garcia C, Finch T, Ford GA, Francis R, Hogg S, Hughes N, Price CI, Ternent L, Turner DL, Vale L, Wilkes S, Shaw L. Robot assisted training for the upper limb after stroke (RATULS): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Jul 6;394(10192):51-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31055-4. Epub 2019 May 22.
PubMed 31128926Rogers JM, Duckworth J, Middleton S, Steenbergen B, Wilson PH. Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke: evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2019 May 15;16(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0531-y.
PubMed 31092252Faria AL, Cameirao MS, Couras JF, Aguiar JRO, Costa GM, Bermudez I Badia S. Combined Cognitive-Motor Rehabilitation in Virtual Reality Improves Motor Outcomes in Chronic Stroke - A Pilot Study. Front Psychol. 2018 May 30;9:854. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00854. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29899719Perez-Marcos D, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Serino A. Virtual Reality as a Vehicle to Empower Motor-Cognitive Neurorehabilitation. Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 2;9:2120. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02120. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 30450069Aprile I, Guardati G, Cipollini V, Papadopoulou D, Mastrorosa A, Castelli L, Monteleone S, Redolfi A, Galeri S, Germanotta M. Robotic Rehabilitation: An Opportunity to Improve Cognitive Functions in Subjects With Stroke. An Explorative Study. Front Neurol. 2020 Nov 19;11:588285. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588285. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 33329334
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 May 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Use of Robotics to Improve Cognitive Functions in Subject With Subacute Stroke: a Bicentric Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04164381
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FDGCOG_19
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- Rehabilitation, Robotics, Cognitive Function
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 51 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETSUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 Nov 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Mar 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Nov 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A recent multicenter study of the Fondazione Don Gnocchi (FDG) Robotic Rehabilitation Group (NCT02879279) showed the efficacy of robotic rehabilitation in upper limb motor recovery after stroke using a set of robots and sensor-based devices. In clinical practice, beside sensory-motor deficits, stroke patients often present concomitant cognitive impairments (as attention and memory disorders). The robotic and technological systems used in the above-mentioned study allow training on some cognitive functions such as visual memory, visual-spatial functions and working memory, as well as motor training of the upper limb. The aim of the study is to assess whether cognitive functions, such as visual memory, visual-spatial skills and working memory (evaluated with specific tests) improve after robotic therapy of the upper limb in subacute stroke patients.
Detailed description
It is estimated that up to three quarters of acute and subacute stroke survivors exhibit cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can significantly compromise functional recovery, quality of life, and social engagement after stroke. Indeed, some authors showed that the impairment of cognitive functions can negatively influence rehabilitation strategies. Robotic therapy has been proposed as a viable approach for the rehabilitation of the upper limb, as a way to increase the amount and intensity of the therapy, and to standardize the treatment, adding a complex but controlled multisensory stimulation to the patient. In fact, owing to the complex training environments, robotic and technological devices may promote the re-learning capacity, inducing functional or structural plasticity in brain networks that control both motor and cognitive functions. Our hypothesis is that the cognitive engagement of patients during upper limb robotic therapy can impact on some cognitive functions that are compromised after the stroke.
The current pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of an upper limb robotic rehabilitation treatment on cognitive functions in patients with subacute stroke.
Fifty consecutive patients with sub-acute stroke (within 6 months of the event) will be enrolled in two rehabilitation centers.
All patients will perform a robotic treatment of the upper limb (30 sessions, 5 times a week) using a set of robotic devices. The training will include motor-cognitive exercises specifically selected to train spatial attention, vision and working memory, praxis, executive functions, and speed of processing. Furthermore, patients will undergo a comprehensive rehabilitation program including individual conventional physiotherapy (6 times/week), lasting 45 minutes focused on lower limb, sitting and standing training, balance and walking.
Subjects will be evaluated at baseline (T0) and after treatment (T1). To be included in the analysis, patients will have to undergo at least 25 rehabilitation sessions, without interrupting the treatment (due to clinical complications) for more than six consecutive sessions; otherwise, they will be considered as dropouts.
The effects of the rehabilitation intervention on the upper limb function and disability will be assessed with the following clinical scales: Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA), to evaluate motor function; the Motricity Index (MI), to evaluate muscle strength; the Modified Barthel Index (mBI), to evaluate activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility.
Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) will be performed as screening tool to evaluate cognitive functions. Moreover, the following cognitive tests will be used: 1) Digit Span (attention/short-term memory involving strings/series of digits of varying length); 2) Tower of London (planning and problem solving); 3) STROOP test (Stroop Color and Word Test); 4) Symbol Digit Modalities Test (processing speed of visual stimuli); 5) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) (visuomotor integration).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Robotic assisted intervention | Experimental | Device: Robotic assisted interventionUpper limb robotic therapy using a set of robotic and sensor based devices and exercises specifically selected to train cognitive functions. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 35 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- first ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (verified by MRI or CT);
- time latency within 6 months from stroke (subacute patients);
- age between 35-85 years;
- cognitive abilities adequate to understand the experiments and the follow instructions Token test ≥26.5 (correction as for age and school level);
- upper limb impairment (FMA score ≤58);
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- history of recurrent stroke;
- inability to understand the instructions required for the study;
- fixed contraction in the affected limb (ankylosis, Modified Ashworth Scale equal to 4);
- severe deficits in visual acuity.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Robotic assisted interventionRobotic treatment of the upper limb (30 sessions, 5 times a week) using a set of 4 robotic devices: Motore (Humanware); Amadeo, Diego, Pablo (Tyromotion). The training will include motor-cognitive exercises specifically selected to train spatial attention, vision and working memory, praxis, executive function, and speed of processing. | Device | Robotic assisted intervention |
Primary outcome
Change in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)
Time frame: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
SDMT evaluates information processing speed. It consists of a simple task of replacing symbols with numbers. Using a reference key, the patient has 90 seconds to match a sequence of symbols with the correspondent numbers as rapidly as possible. Both written or oral administration can be used. For each correct answer, a point is assigned.
4 secondary outcomes
Tower of London (TOL)
Time frame: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Change in Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF).
Time frame: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Change in Digit Span (DS)
Time frame: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Change in Stroop and Color Word test (SCWT)
Time frame: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 May 2020.
- Background: PubMed 31834217Aprile I, Germanotta M, Cruciani A, Loreti S, Pecchioli C, Cecchi F, Montesano A, Galeri S, Diverio M, Falsini C, Speranza G, Langone E, Papadopoulou D, Padua L, Carrozza MC; FDG Robotic Rehabilitation Group. Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2020 Jan;44(1):3-14. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000295.
- Background: PubMed 30175845Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Platz T, Kugler J, Elsner B. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 3;9(9):CD006876. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006876.pub5.
- BackgroundAprile I, Cruciani A, Germanotta M, Gower V, Pecchioli C, Cattaneo D, Vannetti F, Padua L, Gramatica F. Upper Limb Robotics in Rehabilitation: An Approach to Select the Devices, Based on Rehabilitation Aims, and Their Evaluation in a Feasibility Study. Applied Sciences 2019, 9(18), 3920; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183920
- Background: PubMed 31128926Rodgers H, Bosomworth H, Krebs HI, van Wijck F, Howel D, Wilson N, Aird L, Alvarado N, Andole S, Cohen DL, Dawson J, Fernandez-Garcia C, Finch T, Ford GA, Francis R, Hogg S, Hughes N, Price CI, Ternent L, Turner DL, Vale L, Wilkes S, Shaw L. Robot assisted training for the upper limb after stroke (RATULS): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Jul 6;394(10192):51-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31055-4. Epub 2019 May 22.
- Background: PubMed 31092252Rogers JM, Duckworth J, Middleton S, Steenbergen B, Wilson PH. Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke: evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2019 May 15;16(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0531-y.
- Background: PubMed 29899719Faria AL, Cameirao MS, Couras JF, Aguiar JRO, Costa GM, Bermudez I Badia S. Combined Cognitive-Motor Rehabilitation in Virtual Reality Improves Motor Outcomes in Chronic Stroke - A Pilot Study. Front Psychol. 2018 May 30;9:854. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00854. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 30450069Perez-Marcos D, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Serino A. Virtual Reality as a Vehicle to Empower Motor-Cognitive Neurorehabilitation. Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 2;9:2120. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02120. eCollection 2018.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33329334Aprile I, Guardati G, Cipollini V, Papadopoulou D, Mastrorosa A, Castelli L, Monteleone S, Redolfi A, Galeri S, Germanotta M. Robotic Rehabilitation: An Opportunity to Improve Cognitive Functions in Subjects With Stroke. An Explorative Study. Front Neurol. 2020 Nov 19;11:588285. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588285. eCollection 2020.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Irene Aprile, MD, PhD principal investigator
Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETS
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Robotic assisted intervention in people with Stroke, run by Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETS at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 May 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (time frame: Baseline (T0), Treatment (6 weeks) (T1)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04164381, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 May 2020.