Primary Health CareNCT04183504
Screening for Therapy and Empowering Parents: A Pilot Study
A study testing Brief parenting intervention in people with Primary Health Care, run by University of Tennessee at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is expand on the Early STEPs project goal of identifying early developmental delays in infants and young children in a health disparate population and to collect preliminary data to lay the groundwork for a future NIH grant proposal. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 7 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Primary Health Care
- What is being tested?
- Brief parenting intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2015to 7 May 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 7 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- parent provides written informed consent to take part in the study
- child has no congenital malformations or genetic syndromes
- child is not enrolled in Early Intervention Services.
- child is not in foster care
- Parent agrees to attend parent training session
- Parent agrees to complete pre- and post- Parenting Sense of Competence scale
- Child is between birth and 6 years 11 months 29 days
Who cannot join
- Parent will not signed informed consent.
- child has congenital malformations or genetic syndrome
- child is not enrolled in Early Intervention Services.
- child is in foster care
- child is 7 years or older
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Memphis Children's Clinic
Memphis, Tennessee, 38116
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Memphis, Tennessee, 38163
About this study
Official title: Early STEPs: Screening for Therapy and Empowering Parents: A Pilot Study
The purpose of this study is expand on the Early STEPs project goal of identifying early developmental delays in infants and young children in a health disparate population and to collect preliminary data to lay the groundwork for a future NIH grant proposal. Individuals with less education have poor health and shorter life expectancies than well-educated individuals, and research reveals that poverty is directly related to limited education. An innovative approach is needed to overcome barriers, improve health literacy, and educate parents on effective parenting strategies for this population. Technology may be the part of the solution to this issue. Through Early STEPs, the occupational therapists will continue to refer families to early intervention and therapy services as appropriate and follow-up to ensure that services are initiated. The Occupational Therapist will also determine if the parents are utilizing the Word Gap App and other provided resources to support their child's development and to manage their stress. By increasing parental awareness and knowledge of language and motor skill development, the environments of underserved children will be enriched and parental stress will be reduced so that these children can have improved health and reach their full potential.
Read the detailed description
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of developmental screening to identify developmental delays in order to make appropriate referrals for early intervention services.
- Rationale: Research has consistently shown that providing timely early intervention (EI) services for young children identified as developmentally delayed improves both short-term and long-term outcomes. It is critical that children with delays be identified as early as possible because intervention programs are more effective when initiated at a young age. In fact, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocates identifying delays before children reach 2 years of age. There is evidence that primary care providers tend to under-detect developmental delays among infants and young children. In addition, in high poverty areas, transportation, finances and other logistical challenges often prevent parents of young children from regularly visiting a physician, which further contributes to limited opportunities for intervention. Under-enrollment in intervention programs has been identified as a national problem, one that is recognized as a critical issue in the Mid-South due to the lower percentage of young children being identified and referred for services. Nationally, it is estimated that 16-18% of children have disabilities; however, less than one-third of these cases are referred for intervention before kindergarten age. Besides the issue of under-identification of developmental problems in young children, research suggests that many children who are referred for Early Intervention services do not end up receiving therapy due to poor follow-through by caregivers. It is likely that families need support and guidance regarding the importance of Early Intervention services. Unaddressed developmental delays can negatively impact the future health and educational attainment of our nation's infants. Families benefit from screening through an increased awareness of appropriate developmental and behavioral expectations. For example, screening can lead to positive outcomes in family interaction and decreased parental stress levels when developmental information and recommendations for activities are provided, even for children who do not fully meet the criteria to be referred. In the Memphis area, enrollment of children under the age of 3 in EI programs has actually decreased over the past five years, despite strong evidence that the incidence of disabilities such as autism is on the rise. Nationally, 2.52% of young children receive EI services; in Tennessee, 1.8% of children are receiving services needed.
- Study/Project Population: Through the Early STEPs Project, licensed occupational therapists will provide free developmental and autism screenings to children ages birth to and 6 years 11 months 29 days in a pediatric medical practice.
- Research Design: To determine the effectiveness of the Early STEPs project, investigators will compare pre- and post-project referrals for EI services, follow through by families, and pre and post parental satisfaction qualitative data. The participating pediatric practices will provide documentation of their prior average number of monthly early intervention referrals and this information will be compared to the monthly number of referrals at the end of the study period. The investigators will follow-up with the parent of the referred child at 6- and 12-months to determine if early intervention services were initiated by the parent and to determine if the parents perceived that the developmental app and online support group were helpful and improved confidence with their parenting skills. The data collection will begin on February 3, 2014 and end in approximately 2 years.
- Procedures The developmental screenings will be offered two to four days per month. Informational flyers will be posted locally and in the pediatrician's offices. Investigators will obtain parental consent. If parental consent is obtained, the screenings will be conducted with the parent present. The process will involve the parents providing qualitative information regarding the confidence with their parenting skills, and the occupational therapy investigators will complete The Ages \& Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) on each participant and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, if age appropriate to the particular child. All information for the screenings will be collected from the parent. Researchers will not be accessing the subjects' medical records. Additionally, early intervention/parental coaching sessions will be provided by occupational therapists as needed. Caregivers will utilize skills training, free online resources and an online social support network to develop and maintain nurturing parenting skills. Follow-up phone calls will take place at 6-months and 12-months after a positive screening to determine if therapy services were indicated and to determine if the use of online resources or the social support network were perceived to be helpful. During the 6 and 12-month follow-up phone call, study personnel will collect information regarding parenting confidence using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSCO). Parents or caregivers will receive a free t-shirt as available and a developmental flyer for participating. (Courtesy of The Urban Child Institute). Parents or caregivers will receive free first year milestone applications for their cellular devices (courtesy of Aimee's Babies).
- Outcome Measures: The PI will monitor and report on:
- number of children identified for further assessment,
- common developmental concerns/delays,
- specific services referred to,
- Caregiver follow-up
- The investigators will collect data using the PSCO regarding parenting confidence at the initial visit and during the 6 and 12-month follow-up phone call.
- Conditions
- Primary Health Care
- Being tested
- Brief parenting intervention
- Keywords
- Primary Health Care, Occupational Therapy, Child Development, Early Intervention, Parenting
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Brief parenting interventionBehavioural
Coaching session on positive parenting practices and promoting child development
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Early Steps Coaching | Experimental | Coaching session on positive parenting practices and promoting child development. Receives: Behavioral: Brief parenting intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale- Scores range from 9 to 54, with higher scores indicating greater parenting satisfaction.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Secondary outcomes (3)
Developmental screening results
Ages \& Stages Questionniare03 (ASQ-3TM), parental report questionnaire that provides scores for each of the following domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem- solving, and personal/social skills. Every version of the screening includes specific cutoff scores to indicate if child's development is on schedule or not. The cutoff scores vary from one age level to the next, ranging from 0 to 60, with 60 indicating a higher developmental level.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Number of referrals for early intervention or therapy services
Actual number of referrals made to early intervention services or therapy.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Follow through in obtaining early intervention or therapy services
Counts for each type of service obtained: early intervention, occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, or comprehensive developmental evaluation
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Dec 2019
- Study start1 Nov 2015
- Primary completion7 May 2018
- Study completion7 May 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Primary Health CareStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- One group pretest-posttest design
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Tennessee
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Anne Zachry, University of Tennessee
- Investigators
- Anne H Zachry, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Tennessee
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04183504
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 14-03212-XP
- Status last verified
- May 2023
- First submitted
- 25 Nov 2019
- Last updated
- 18 May 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Study protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, Informed Consent Form
Publications
Berry AD, Garzon DL, Mack P, Kanwischer KZ, Beck DG. Implementing an early childhood developmental screening and surveillance program in primary care settings: lessons learned from a project in Illinois. J Pediatr Health Care. 2014 Nov-Dec;28(6):516-25. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.04.008. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
PubMed 24929846Council on Children With Disabilities; Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics; Bright Futures Steering Committee; Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special Needs Project Advisory Committee. Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul;118(1):405-20. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-1231.
PubMed 16818591Dobrez D, Sasso AL, Holl J, Shalowitz M, Leon S, Budetti P. Estimating the cost of developmental and behavioral screening of preschool children in general pediatric practice. Pediatrics. 2001 Oct;108(4):913-22. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.4.913.
PubMed 11581444Earls MF, Hay SS. Setting the stage for success: implementation of developmental and behavioral screening and surveillance in primary care practice--the North Carolina Assuring Better Child Health and Development (ABCD) Project. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul;118(1):e183-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0475.
PubMed 16818532Frankenburg WK. Developmental surveillance and screening of infants and young children. Pediatrics. 2002 Jan;109(1):144-5. doi: 10.1542/peds.109.1.144. No abstract available.
PubMed 11773555Guevara JP, Gerdes M, Localio R, Huang YV, Pinto-Martin J, Minkovitz CS, Hsu D, Kyriakou L, Baglivo S, Kavanagh J, Pati S. Effectiveness of developmental screening in an urban setting. Pediatrics. 2013 Jan;131(1):30-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0765. Epub 2012 Dec 17.
PubMed 23248223Rosenberg SA, Zhang D, Robinson CC. Prevalence of developmental delays and participation in early intervention services for young children. Pediatrics. 2008 Jun;121(6):e1503-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1680. Epub 2008 May 26.
PubMed 18504295Rydz D, Srour M, Oskoui M, Marget N, Shiller M, Birnbaum R, Majnemer A, Shevell MI. Screening for developmental delay in the setting of a community pediatric clinic: a prospective assessment of parent-report questionnaires. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):e1178-86. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0466.
PubMed 17015506Schonwald A, Huntington N, Chan E, Risko W, Bridgemohan C. Routine developmental screening implemented in urban primary care settings: more evidence of feasibility and effectiveness. Pediatrics. 2009 Feb;123(2):660-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2798.
PubMed 19171635
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 May 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Early STEPs: Screening for Therapy and Empowering Parents: A Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04183504
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 14-03212-XP
- Conditions
- Primary Health Care
- Keywords
- Primary Health Care, Occupational Therapy, Child Development, Early Intervention, Parenting
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of TennesseeUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 7 May 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 7 May 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Dec 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is expand on the Early STEPs project goal of identifying early developmental delays in infants and young children in a health disparate population and to collect preliminary data to lay the groundwork for a future NIH grant proposal. Individuals with less education have poor health and shorter life expectancies than well-educated individuals, and research reveals that poverty is directly related to limited education. An innovative approach is needed to overcome barriers, improve health literacy, and educate parents on effective parenting strategies for this population. Technology may be the part of the solution to this issue. Through Early STEPs, the occupational therapists will continue to refer families to early intervention and therapy services as appropriate and follow-up to ensure that services are initiated. The Occupational Therapist will also determine if the parents are utilizing the Word Gap App and other provided resources to support their child's development and to manage their stress. By increasing parental awareness and knowledge of language and motor skill development, the environments of underserved children will be enriched and parental stress will be reduced so that these children can have improved health and reach their full potential.
Detailed description
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of developmental screening to identify developmental delays in order to make appropriate referrals for early intervention services.
- Rationale: Research has consistently shown that providing timely early intervention (EI) services for young children identified as developmentally delayed improves both short-term and long-term outcomes. It is critical that children with delays be identified as early as possible because intervention programs are more effective when initiated at a young age. In fact, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocates identifying delays before children reach 2 years of age. There is evidence that primary care providers tend to under-detect developmental delays among infants and young children. In addition, in high poverty areas, transportation, finances and other logistical challenges often prevent parents of young children from regularly visiting a physician, which further contributes to limited opportunities for intervention. Under-enrollment in intervention programs has been identified as a national problem, one that is recognized as a critical issue in the Mid-South due to the lower percentage of young children being identified and referred for services. Nationally, it is estimated that 16-18% of children have disabilities; however, less than one-third of these cases are referred for intervention before kindergarten age. Besides the issue of under-identification of developmental problems in young children, research suggests that many children who are referred for Early Intervention services do not end up receiving therapy due to poor follow-through by caregivers. It is likely that families need support and guidance regarding the importance of Early Intervention services. Unaddressed developmental delays can negatively impact the future health and educational attainment of our nation's infants. Families benefit from screening through an increased awareness of appropriate developmental and behavioral expectations. For example, screening can lead to positive outcomes in family interaction and decreased parental stress levels when developmental information and recommendations for activities are provided, even for children who do not fully meet the criteria to be referred. In the Memphis area, enrollment of children under the age of 3 in EI programs has actually decreased over the past five years, despite strong evidence that the incidence of disabilities such as autism is on the rise. Nationally, 2.52% of young children receive EI services; in Tennessee, 1.8% of children are receiving services needed.
- Study/Project Population: Through the Early STEPs Project, licensed occupational therapists will provide free developmental and autism screenings to children ages birth to and 6 years 11 months 29 days in a pediatric medical practice.
- Research Design: To determine the effectiveness of the Early STEPs project, investigators will compare pre- and post-project referrals for EI services, follow through by families, and pre and post parental satisfaction qualitative data. The participating pediatric practices will provide documentation of their prior average number of monthly early intervention referrals and this information will be compared to the monthly number of referrals at the end of the study period. The investigators will follow-up with the parent of the referred child at 6- and 12-months to determine if early intervention services were initiated by the parent and to determine if the parents perceived that the developmental app and online support group were helpful and improved confidence with their parenting skills. The data collection will begin on February 3, 2014 and end in approximately 2 years.
- Procedures The developmental screenings will be offered two to four days per month. Informational flyers will be posted locally and in the pediatrician's offices. Investigators will obtain parental consent. If parental consent is obtained, the screenings will be conducted with the parent present. The process will involve the parents providing qualitative information regarding the confidence with their parenting skills, and the occupational therapy investigators will complete The Ages \& Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) on each participant and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, if age appropriate to the particular child. All information for the screenings will be collected from the parent. Researchers will not be accessing the subjects' medical records. Additionally, early intervention/parental coaching sessions will be provided by occupational therapists as needed. Caregivers will utilize skills training, free online resources and an online social support network to develop and maintain nurturing parenting skills. Follow-up phone calls will take place at 6-months and 12-months after a positive screening to determine if therapy services were indicated and to determine if the use of online resources or the social support network were perceived to be helpful. During the 6 and 12-month follow-up phone call, study personnel will collect information regarding parenting confidence using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSCO). Parents or caregivers will receive a free t-shirt as available and a developmental flyer for participating. (Courtesy of The Urban Child Institute). Parents or caregivers will receive free first year milestone applications for their cellular devices (courtesy of Aimee's Babies).
- Outcome Measures: The PI will monitor and report on:
- number of children identified for further assessment,
- common developmental concerns/delays,
- specific services referred to,
- Caregiver follow-up
- The investigators will collect data using the PSCO regarding parenting confidence at the initial visit and during the 6 and 12-month follow-up phone call.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- One group pretest-posttest design
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Early Steps Coaching | Experimental | Behavioral: Brief parenting interventionCoaching session on positive parenting practices and promoting child development. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 7 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- parent provides written informed consent to take part in the study
- child has no congenital malformations or genetic syndromes
- child is not enrolled in Early Intervention Services.
- child is not in foster care
- Parent agrees to attend parent training session
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Parent will not signed informed consent.
- child has congenital malformations or genetic syndrome
- child is not enrolled in Early Intervention Services.
- child is in foster care
- child is 7 years or older
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Brief parenting interventionCoaching session on positive parenting practices and promoting child development | Behavioural | Early Steps Coaching |
Primary outcome
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale- Scores range from 9 to 54, with higher scores indicating greater parenting satisfaction.
3 secondary outcomes
Developmental screening results
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Number of referrals for early intervention or therapy services
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Follow through in obtaining early intervention or therapy services
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 May 2023.
- Results publication: PubMed 24929846Berry AD, Garzon DL, Mack P, Kanwischer KZ, Beck DG. Implementing an early childhood developmental screening and surveillance program in primary care settings: lessons learned from a project in Illinois. J Pediatr Health Care. 2014 Nov-Dec;28(6):516-25. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.04.008. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 16818591Council on Children With Disabilities; Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics; Bright Futures Steering Committee; Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special Needs Project Advisory Committee. Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul;118(1):405-20. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-1231.
- Results publication: PubMed 11581444Dobrez D, Sasso AL, Holl J, Shalowitz M, Leon S, Budetti P. Estimating the cost of developmental and behavioral screening of preschool children in general pediatric practice. Pediatrics. 2001 Oct;108(4):913-22. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.4.913.
- Results publication: PubMed 16818532Earls MF, Hay SS. Setting the stage for success: implementation of developmental and behavioral screening and surveillance in primary care practice--the North Carolina Assuring Better Child Health and Development (ABCD) Project. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul;118(1):e183-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0475.
- Results publication: PubMed 11773555Frankenburg WK. Developmental surveillance and screening of infants and young children. Pediatrics. 2002 Jan;109(1):144-5. doi: 10.1542/peds.109.1.144. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 23248223Guevara JP, Gerdes M, Localio R, Huang YV, Pinto-Martin J, Minkovitz CS, Hsu D, Kyriakou L, Baglivo S, Kavanagh J, Pati S. Effectiveness of developmental screening in an urban setting. Pediatrics. 2013 Jan;131(1):30-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0765. Epub 2012 Dec 17.
- Results publication: PubMed 18504295Rosenberg SA, Zhang D, Robinson CC. Prevalence of developmental delays and participation in early intervention services for young children. Pediatrics. 2008 Jun;121(6):e1503-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1680. Epub 2008 May 26.
- Results publication: PubMed 17015506Rydz D, Srour M, Oskoui M, Marget N, Shiller M, Birnbaum R, Majnemer A, Shevell MI. Screening for developmental delay in the setting of a community pediatric clinic: a prospective assessment of parent-report questionnaires. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):e1178-86. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0466.
- Results publication: PubMed 19171635Schonwald A, Huntington N, Chan E, Risko W, Bridgemohan C. Routine developmental screening implemented in urban primary care settings: more evidence of feasibility and effectiveness. Pediatrics. 2009 Feb;123(2):660-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2798.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Study protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, Informed Consent Form
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Anne H Zachry, PhD principal investigator
University of Tennessee
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Brief parenting intervention in people with Primary Health Care, run by University of Tennessee at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 May 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04183504, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 May 2023; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 31 Oct 2026.