PharmacokineticsPhase 4NCT04207840

Study of Drug Exposure in Systemic Circulation of Primatene Mist by Oral Inhalation, Versus Epinephrine Injection by Intramuscular Injection and ProAir by Oral Inhalation in Healthy Individuals

A Phase 4 study testing Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation), Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (0.3mg/0.3mL) and Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation) in people with Pharmacokinetics and Epinephrine, run by Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

To assess the drug exposure profile in systemic circulation of Primatene Mist by inhalation, versus Epinephrine by intramuscular injection, and ProAir HFA by inhalation in healthy adults. Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 18 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for: Pharmacokinetics, Epinephrine, Albuterol
What is being tested?: Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation), Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (0.3mg/0.3mL) and Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation)
Type of treatment: Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 28 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: 9 Dec 2019to 23 Dec 2019
Phase: Phase 4
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 to 50 years
All sexes
Healthy volunteers accepted
Adult

Who may be able to join

Agree to participate; understand and sign informed consent;
Male and female adults, aged 18 to 50 years, inclusive at Screening;
Generally healthy and medically stable, with no clinically significant abnormalities based on physical examination and laboratory tests as determined by the Investigators;
Have good venous access;
Have normal resting blood pressure and normal heart rate (HR) without history of syncope; a subject with out of range blood pressure may be enrolled in the study at the discretion of the Principal Investigator;
Have a body mass index (BMI) of 18.0 - 30.0 kg/m^2;

Show all 12Show fewer

Female candidates must be >1 year post-menopausal or practicing a clinically acceptable form of birth control and confirmed by negative urine or serum pregnancy test at Screening;
Negative HIV-Ab, HBs-Ag and HCV-Ab;
Negative alcohol test (urine or breathalyzer);
Negative drug screening results;
Currently non-smoker; have not used any tobacco products for at least three (3) months prior to Screening; and
Demonstrate proficiency in the use of MDI and a consistent inhalation time >2.0 seconds after training, for at least three (3) times, with a maximum of 5 attempts.

Who cannot join

Concurrent clinically significant cardiovascular, hematological, renal, neurologic, hepatic, endocrine, psychiatric, or malignant diseases.
Known intolerance or hypersensitivity to any component of the study drugs (i.e., Epinephrine, Albuterol Sulfate or any sympathomimetic drugs, HFA-134a, thymol, ethanol, ascorbic acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid).
Upper or lower respiratory tract infection, or other systemic infection within 6 weeks prior to Screening;
Clinically significant abnormalities in the screening/baseline ECG; prolonged corrected QT interval (QTcF) on ECG: men >450ms, women: >470ms; single or multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVC);
Abnormal thyroid function test (if TSH is out of range, refer to T3/T4 for thyroid function assessment);
Subject has been on other investigational drug/device studies within 30 days of Screening Visit or planned participation in another investigational drug trial at any time during this trial;

Show all 10Show fewer

Women who are pregnant or lactating or planning a pregnancy during the study period;
Subject has donated or lost > 500 mL of blood within 3 months of Screening;
Evidence of alcohol or drug abuse or dependency within 6 months prior to screening; or
Use of any of the prohibited drugs without appropriate washout.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

Amphastar Study Site 0035
Cypress, California, 90630

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Study of Drug Exposure in Systemic Circulation of Primatene Mist (0.25mg) by Oral Inhalation, Versus Epinephrine Injection (0.30mg) by Intramuscular Injection and ProAir (0.18mg) by Oral Inhalation in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized, Safety Evaluator-blind, Three-Treatment, Crossover, Fasting Study

To assess the drug exposure profile in systemic circulation of Primatene Mist by inhalation, versus Epinephrine by intramuscular injection, and ProAir HFA by inhalation in healthy adults.

Conditions: Pharmacokinetics, Epinephrine, Albuterol, Asthma, Anaphylaxis
Being tested: Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation), Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (0.3mg/0.3mL), Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation)
Medical subject headings: Asthma, Anaphylaxis

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation)Combination product
Also called Primatene Mist
Participants will self-administer 2 inhalations of Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation) for a total dosage of 0.25 mg.
Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (0.3mg/0.3mL)Combination product
Also called Generic of EpiPen
Participants will receive an intramuscular injection of Epinephrine via Auto-Injector (0.30 mg of epinephrine solution in 0.30 mL). The 0.30 mL dose will be given perpendicularly as a single deep intramuscular injection into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh.
Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation)Combination product
Also called Albuterol HFA
Participants will self-administer 2 inhalations of Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation) for a total dosage of 0.18 mg.

Study groups in NCT04207840
Study group	Role	What they receive
Primatene Mist, E004	Experimental	Participants who dosed with Primatene Mist. Receives: Combination Product: Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation)
Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen)	Active comparator	Participants who were dosed with an Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector. Receives: Combination Product: Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (0.3mg/0.3mL)
Albuterol HFA	Active comparator	Participants who dosed with Albuterol HFA. Receives: Combination Product: Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

C[Max], Maximum Plasma Concentration of Albuterol or Epinephrine
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. C[max] will be obtained directly from the plot of PK curve.
Measured: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
AUC(0-tm)_TOT, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Total (Exogenous and Endogenous, if Available) Active Product Ingredient (API) From Time 0 to Time (tm)
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. AUC(0-tm)_TOT will be calculated with the trapezoid method. Time tm is defined as the time after C[max] is reached where API concentration is reduced to the levels of the same day baseline.
Measured: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
AUC(0-tm)_DE, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Exogenous Active Product Ingredient (API) From Time 0 to Time (tm)
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. AUC(0-tm)_DE will be calculated with the trapezoid method. Time tm is defined as the time after C[max] is reached where API concentration is reduced to the levels of the same day baseline.
Measured: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
AUC(0-inf), Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Albuterol or Epinephrine From Time 0 to Infinity
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. AUC(0-inf) will be calculated with the extrapolation method.
Measured: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.

Secondary outcomes (2)

t[Max], Time at Which Maximum Plasma Concentration of Albuterol or Epinephrine is Observed
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. t[max] will be obtained directly from the plot of PK curve when the maximum concentration is observed.
Measured: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
t[1/2], Terminal Elimination Half-life of Albuterol or Epinephrine
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine.
Measured: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

9 Dec 201923 Dec 2019

First posted23 Dec 2019
Study start9 Dec 2019
Primary completion20 Dec 2019
Study completion23 Dec 2019

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for PharmacokineticsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Single blind
Who is masked: Investigator
Enrolment: 28 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04207840
Sponsor's protocol ID: API-E004-CL-I
Status last verified: Mar 2021
First submitted: 19 Dec 2019
Last updated: 30 Mar 2021
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: Yes
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: Undecided: Access to patient level data and supporting clinical documents may be requested by qualified researchers. Requests will be reviewed on the basis of scientific merit. Patient data will be de-identified to protect the privacy of trial patients in line with applicable laws and regulations.

Publications

Zhang JY, Luo MZ, Marrs T, Kerwin EM, Bukstein DA. Comparison of Systemic Exposure Between Epinephrine Delivered via Metered-Dose Inhalation and Intramuscular Injection. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2025 Apr;38(2):71-82. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2024.0025. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
PubMed 39207239

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Study of Drug Exposure in Systemic Circulation of Primatene Mist (0.25mg) by Oral Inhalation, Versus Epinephrine Injection (0.30mg) by Intramuscular Injection and ProAir (0.18mg) by Oral Inhalation in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized, Safety Evaluator-blind, Three-Treatment, Crossover, Fasting Study
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04207840
Acronym / sponsor ID: API-E004-CL-I
Conditions: Pharmacokinetics, Epinephrine, Albuterol, Asthma, Anaphylaxis
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 28 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
Study start: 9 Dec 2019 (actual)
Primary completion: 20 Dec 2019 (actual)
Study completion: 23 Dec 2019 (actual)
First posted: 23 Dec 2019 (actual)
Results: Posted 30 Mar 2021

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

To assess the drug exposure profile in systemic circulation of Primatene Mist by inhalation, versus Epinephrine by intramuscular injection, and ProAir HFA by inhalation in healthy adults.

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Single blind (investigator)
Number of arms: 3

Arm	Type	Receives
Primatene Mist, E004	Experimental	Combination Product: Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation)Participants who dosed with Primatene Mist.
Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen)	Active comparator	Combination Product: Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (0.3mg/0.3mL)Participants who were dosed with an Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector.
Albuterol HFA	Active comparator	Combination Product: Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation)Participants who dosed with Albuterol HFA.

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 to 50 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Accepted
Age groups: Adult

Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)

Agree to participate; understand and sign informed consent;
Male and female adults, aged 18 to 50 years, inclusive at Screening;
Generally healthy and medically stable, with no clinically significant abnormalities based on physical examination and laboratory tests as determined by the Investigators;
Have good venous access;
Have normal resting blood pressure and normal heart rate (HR) without history of syncope; a subject with out of range blood pressure may be enrolled in the study at the discretion of the Principal Investigator;

Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)

Concurrent clinically significant cardiovascular, hematological, renal, neurologic, hepatic, endocrine, psychiatric, or malignant diseases.
Known intolerance or hypersensitivity to any component of the study drugs (i.e., Epinephrine, Albuterol Sulfate or any sympathomimetic drugs, HFA-134a, thymol, ethanol, ascorbic acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid).
Upper or lower respiratory tract infection, or other systemic infection within 6 weeks prior to Screening;
Clinically significant abnormalities in the screening/baseline ECG; prolonged corrected QT interval (QTcF) on ECG: men >450ms, women: >470ms; single or multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVC);
Abnormal thyroid function test (if TSH is out of range, refer to T3/T4 for thyroid function assessment);

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation)Also: Primatene MistParticipants will self-administer 2 inhalations of Epinephrine (0.125 mg/inhalation) for a total dosage of 0.25 mg.	Combination product	Primatene Mist, E004
Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (0.3mg/0.3mL)Also: Generic of EpiPenParticipants will receive an intramuscular injection of Epinephrine via Auto-Injector (0.30 mg of epinephrine solution in 0.30 mL). The 0.30 mL dose will be given perpendicularly as a single deep intramuscular injection into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh.	Combination product	Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen)
Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation)Also: Albuterol HFAParticipants will self-administer 2 inhalations of Albuterol Sulfate (0.09 mg/inhalation) for a total dosage of 0.18 mg.	Combination product	Albuterol HFA

Primary outcome

C[Max], Maximum Plasma Concentration of Albuterol or Epinephrine
Time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. C[max] will be obtained directly from the plot of PK curve.
AUC(0-tm)_TOT, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Total (Exogenous and Endogenous, if Available) Active Product Ingredient (API) From Time 0 to Time (tm)
Time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. AUC(0-tm)_TOT will be calculated with the trapezoid method. Time tm is defined as the time after C[max] is reached where API concentration is reduced to the levels of the same day baseline.
AUC(0-tm)_DE, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Exogenous Active Product Ingredient (API) From Time 0 to Time (tm)
Time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. AUC(0-tm)_DE will be calculated with the trapezoid method. Time tm is defined as the time after C[max] is reached where API concentration is reduced to the levels of the same day baseline.
AUC(0-inf), Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Albuterol or Epinephrine From Time 0 to Infinity
Time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples will be collected starting 30 minutes before dose and until 24 hours after dose. Plasma will be isolated for analyzing the concentrations of Albuterol and Epinephrine. AUC(0-inf) will be calculated with the extrapolation method.

2 secondary outcomes

t[Max], Time at Which Maximum Plasma Concentration of Albuterol or Epinephrine is Observed
Time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.
t[1/2], Terminal Elimination Half-life of Albuterol or Epinephrine
Time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 30 Mar 2021, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
A-B-C	9	9
B-C-A	10	10
C-A-B	9	9

Primary outcome: C[Max], Maximum Plasma Concentration of Albuterol or Epinephrine

Time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.. Geometric mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: pg/mL

Measure	Primatene Mist, E004 n = 24	Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen) n = 24	Albuterol HFA n = 24
Value	240.8 (2.4)	704.8 (1.8)	599.8 (1.7)

Population analysed: Per Protocol Population, defined as all subjects who have received all study medications and are evaluable for all treatments.

Primary outcome: AUC(0-tm)_TOT, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Total (Exogenous and Endogenous, if Available) Active Product Ingredient (API) From Time 0 to Time (tm)

Measure	Primatene Mist, E004 n = 24	Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen) n = 24	Albuterol HFA n = 24
Value	26.8 (3.1)	509.9 (1.5)	3332.3 (1.3)

Population analysed: Per Protocol Population, defined as all subjects who have received all study medications and are evaluable for all treatments.

Primary outcome: AUC(0-tm)_DE, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Exogenous Active Product Ingredient (API) From Time 0 to Time (tm)

Measure	Primatene Mist, E004 n = 24	Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen) n = 24	Albuterol HFA n = 24
Value	18.4 (3.6)	396.3 (1.6)	3332.3 (1.3)

Population analysed: Per Protocol Population, defined as all subjects who have received all study medications and are evaluable for all treatments.

Primary outcome: AUC(0-inf), Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Albuterol or Epinephrine From Time 0 to Infinity

Measure	Primatene Mist, E004 n = 24	Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen) n = 24	Albuterol HFA n = 24
Value	18.4 (3.6)	411.4 (1.7)	3650.4 (1.3)

Population analysed: Per Protocol Population, defined as all subjects who have received all study medications and are evaluable for all treatments.

2 secondary outcomes are reported in the full results.

Adverse events

Time frame: From signing of consent until follow-up (approximately 4 weeks). Other adverse events reported at 3% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Primatene Mist, E004	0 of 27 (0%)	3 of 27 (11.1%)	0 of 27
Epinephrine Injection Auto-Injector (Generic of EpiPen)	0 of 26 (0%)	1 of 26 (3.8%)	0 of 26
Albuterol HFA	0 of 28 (0%)	2 of 28 (7.1%)	0 of 28

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Mar 2021.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Derived from this study: PubMed 39207239Zhang JY, Luo MZ, Marrs T, Kerwin EM, Bukstein DA. Comparison of Systemic Exposure Between Epinephrine Delivered via Metered-Dose Inhalation and Intramuscular Injection. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2025 Apr;38(2):71-82. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2024.0025. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Access to patient level data and supporting clinical documents may be requested by qualified researchers. Requests will be reviewed on the basis of scientific merit. Patient data will be de-identified to protect the privacy of trial patients in line with applicable laws and regulations.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 30 Mar 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

C[Max], Maximum Plasma Concentration of Albuterol or Epinephrine (time frame: Samples were drawn at 30 minutes pre-dose and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120 minutes, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-dose.). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04207840, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Mar 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.