Risk ReductionNCT04228562
Consumer Motivation for Disease Prevention 2 (Clear Labels)
A study testing non-modifiable factor and induction of anticipated regret in people with Risk Reduction, run by Chinese University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to examine (1) how the causal structure of a disease influences people's disease prevention decisions; and (2) how the causal structure of a disease interacts with people's regret anticipation in determining their disease prevention decisions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Risk Reduction
- What is being tested?
- non-modifiable factor and induction of anticipated regret
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 256 participants
- Where
- 1 siteHong Kong
- Study dates
- 15 Jan 2020to 15 Apr 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- students currently studying at the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Who cannot join
- None
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The purpose of this study is to examine (1) how the causal structure of a disease influences people's disease prevention decisions; and (2) how the causal structure of a disease interacts with people's regret anticipation in determining their disease prevention decisions.
Read the detailed description
People sometimes have to deliberate on whether or not to remove a risk factor that may potentially cause a disease in the future. When a modifiable risk factor (say, X) is the only factor that causes a disease, the decision to remove it may simply depend on the probabilistic relationship between X and an outcome, as well as the cost of removing X. However, little is known when other factors that are out of the decision-maker's control are also present. The main question being asked here is how does the presence of such non-modifiable factors change people's decision to remove X.
Specifically, the investigators consider two cases: a disease caused by a single modifiable risk factor (say X) and a disease caused by two risk factors -- a modifiable factor (X) and a non-modifiable factor (Y). In both cases, the removal of X can result in a meaningful reduction in overall disease risk. It is hypothesized that even when the magnitude of overall risk reduction brought by the removal of X is the same in the two cases, people would have a lower motivation to remove X in the latter case.
The investigators also examine how the presence of a non-modifiable risk factor interacts with the respondents' regret anticipation to influence their decision to remove X. In the context of the current research, regret anticipation could take one of the following forms: (a) feel regretful if one decides not to remove X and later develops the disease (b) feel regretful if one decides to remove X but still develops the disease. The investigators expect (a) to moderate the effect of non-modifiable risk factor on motivation to remove X.
- Conditions
- Risk Reduction
- Being tested
- non-modifiable factor, induction of anticipated regret
- Medical subject headings
- Risk Reduction Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
non-modifiable factorOther
the presence of an uncontrollable / unremovable risk factor for a disease
induction of anticipated regretOther
higher level of elaboration on potential regret
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Non-modifiable factor ABSENT; NO anticipated regret induced | No intervention | The experiment comprises 10 rounds of decision tasks. Participant begins with 130 points (each worth HK$0.5) in each round. After the 10 rounds, the computer randomly selects 1 round and the points from this round is paid in cash. There is a chance for the participant to develop a disease. Without prevention, the chance of getting the disease is 60%. A cause, X, is identified for the disease. X is a modifiable cause, which means that it can be changed by taking some actions. The participant has to decide whether or not to remove X. Removal of X reduces disease chance; the reduced chance varies between 10% and 50% across the 10 rounds and the exact level is communicated at the beginning of each round. The removal of X costs 30 points. Whether s/he ends up developing the disease or not is determined by a computerized lottery based on these chances. If s/he develops the disease, s/he will lose 100 points. |
| Non-modifiable factor ABSENT; anticipated regret induced | Experimental | Same description as in the "uncontrollable factor absent, no anticipated regret induced" arm, except that the participants are induced to think to what extent they will feel regretful: a) if s/he decides not to remove X but ends up developing the disease and b) if s/he decides to remove X but still gets the disease. Receives: Other: induction of anticipated regret |
| Non-modifiable factor PRESENT; NO anticipated regret induced | Experimental | The experiment comprises 10 rounds of decision tasks. Participant begins with 130 points (each worth HK$0.5) in each round. After the 10 rounds, the computer randomly selects 1 round and the points from this round is paid in cash.
There is a chance for the participant to develop a disease. Without prevention, the chance of getting the disease is 60%. Two causes, X and Y, are identified for the disease. X is a modifiable cause, which means that it can be changed by taking some actions. The participant has to decide whether or not to remove X. Removal of X reduces disease chance; the reduced chance varies between 10% and 50% across the 10 rounds and the exact level is communicated at the beginning of each round. The removal of X costs 30 points. Whether s/he ends up developing the disease or not is determined by a computerized lottery based on these chances. If s/he develops the disease, s/he will lose 100 points. Receives: Other: non-modifiable factor |
| Non-modifiable factor PRESENT; anticipated regret induced | Experimental | Same as the "uncontrollable factor present, no anticipated regret induced" arm, except that the participants are induced to think to what extent they will feel regretful: a) if s/he decides not to remove X but ends up developing the disease and b) if s/he decides to remove X but still gets the disease. Receives: Other: non-modifiable factor; Other: induction of anticipated regret |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Decision to remove X
The decision to remove X (yes vs. no)
Measured: Day 1: When responding to the questionnaire
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jan 2020
- Study start15 Jan 2020
- Primary completion15 Apr 2020
- Study completion15 Apr 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Risk ReductionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Chinese University of Hong KongThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Model description
- Factorial Assignment The study has a 2 (Factor: one modifiable cause vs. one modifiable + one non-modifiable causes) ✕ 2 (Anticipated regret induction: yes vs. no) between-subject design. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the 4 between-subject conditions. There is also a within-subject variable. Each subject will respond to 10 rounds of decision task with 5 different levels of overall disease risk reduction brought by the removal of X. The 5 levels of risk reduction are: (i) Removal of X reduces disease risk from 60% to 50% ; (ii) 60% to 40%; (iii) 60% to 30%; (iv) 60% to 20%; (v) 60% to 10%.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 256 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Toronto
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Yeung Wing Man, Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Investigators
- Wing Man Yeung, PhD, Principal investigator, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04228562
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 14507018(2)
- Status last verified
- Aug 2020
- First submitted
- 12 Jan 2020
- Last updated
- 1 Sep 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Data will be uploaded to file sharing sites for sharing. Any identifying information will be removed before data sharing.
Publications
Binder S, Nuscheler R. Risk-taking in vaccination, surgery, and gambling environments: Evidence from a framed laboratory experiment. Health Econ. 2017 Dec;26 Suppl 3:76-96. doi: 10.1002/hec.3620.
PubMed 29285871
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Sep 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Consumer Motivation for Disease Prevention 2 (Clear Labels)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04228562
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 14507018(2)
- Conditions
- Risk Reduction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 256 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Chinese University of Hong KongUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Toronto
- Study start
- 15 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Apr 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Apr 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to examine (1) how the causal structure of a disease influences people's disease prevention decisions; and (2) how the causal structure of a disease interacts with people's regret anticipation in determining their disease prevention decisions.
Detailed description
People sometimes have to deliberate on whether or not to remove a risk factor that may potentially cause a disease in the future. When a modifiable risk factor (say, X) is the only factor that causes a disease, the decision to remove it may simply depend on the probabilistic relationship between X and an outcome, as well as the cost of removing X. However, little is known when other factors that are out of the decision-maker's control are also present. The main question being asked here is how does the presence of such non-modifiable factors change people's decision to remove X.
Specifically, the investigators consider two cases: a disease caused by a single modifiable risk factor (say X) and a disease caused by two risk factors -- a modifiable factor (X) and a non-modifiable factor (Y). In both cases, the removal of X can result in a meaningful reduction in overall disease risk. It is hypothesized that even when the magnitude of overall risk reduction brought by the removal of X is the same in the two cases, people would have a lower motivation to remove X in the latter case.
The investigators also examine how the presence of a non-modifiable risk factor interacts with the respondents' regret anticipation to influence their decision to remove X. In the context of the current research, regret anticipation could take one of the following forms: (a) feel regretful if one decides not to remove X and later develops the disease (b) feel regretful if one decides to remove X but still develops the disease. The investigators expect (a) to moderate the effect of non-modifiable risk factor on motivation to remove X.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- Factorial Assignment The study has a 2 (Factor: one modifiable cause vs. one modifiable + one non-modifiable causes) ✕ 2 (Anticipated regret induction: yes vs. no) between-subject design. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the 4 between-subject conditions. There is also a within-subject variable. Each subject will respond to 10 rounds of decision task with 5 different levels of overall disease risk reduction brought by the removal of X. The 5 levels of risk reduction are: (i) Removal of X reduces disease risk from 60% to 50% ; (ii) 60% to 40%; (iii) 60% to 30%; (iv) 60% to 20%; (v) 60% to 10%.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Non-modifiable factor ABSENT; NO anticipated regret induced | No intervention | –The experiment comprises 10 rounds of decision tasks. Participant begins with 130 points (each worth HK$0.5) in each round. After the 10 rounds, the computer randomly selects 1 round and the points from this round is paid in cash. There is a chance for the participant to develop a disease. Without prevention, the chance of getting the disease is 60%. A cause, X, is identified for the disease. X is a modifiable cause, which means that it can be changed by taking some actions. The participant has to decide whether or not to remove X. Removal of X reduces disease chance; the reduced chance varies between 10% and 50% across the 10 rounds and the exact level is communicated at the beginning of each round. The removal of X costs 30 points. Whether s/he ends up developing the disease or not is determined by a computerized lottery based on these chances. If s/he develops the disease, s/he will lose 100 points. |
| Non-modifiable factor ABSENT; anticipated regret induced | Experimental | Other: induction of anticipated regretSame description as in the "uncontrollable factor absent, no anticipated regret induced" arm, except that the participants are induced to think to what extent they will feel regretful: a) if s/he decides not to remove X but ends up developing the disease and b) if s/he decides to remove X but still gets the disease. |
| Non-modifiable factor PRESENT; NO anticipated regret induced | Experimental | Other: non-modifiable factorThe experiment comprises 10 rounds of decision tasks. Participant begins with 130 points (each worth HK$0.5) in each round. After the 10 rounds, the computer randomly selects 1 round and the points from this round is paid in cash. There is a chance for the participant to develop a disease. Without prevention, the chance of getting the disease is 60%. Two causes, X and Y, are identified for the disease. X is a modifiable cause, which means that it can be changed by taking some actions. The participant has to decide whether or not to remove X. Removal of X reduces disease chance; the reduced chance varies between 10% and 50% across the 10 rounds and the exact level is communicated at the beginning of each round. The removal of X costs 30 points. Whether s/he ends up developing the disease or not is determined by a computerized lottery based on these chances. If s/he develops the disease, s/he will lose 100 points. |
| Non-modifiable factor PRESENT; anticipated regret induced | Experimental | Other: non-modifiable factor, Other: induction of anticipated regretSame as the "uncontrollable factor present, no anticipated regret induced" arm, except that the participants are induced to think to what extent they will feel regretful: a) if s/he decides not to remove X but ends up developing the disease and b) if s/he decides to remove X but still gets the disease. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- students currently studying at the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- None
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| non-modifiable factorthe presence of an uncontrollable / unremovable risk factor for a disease | Other | Non-modifiable factor PRESENT; NO anticipated regret induced, Non-modifiable factor PRESENT; anticipated regret induced |
| induction of anticipated regrethigher level of elaboration on potential regret | Other | Non-modifiable factor ABSENT; anticipated regret induced, Non-modifiable factor PRESENT; anticipated regret induced |
Primary outcome
Decision to remove X
Time frame: Day 1: When responding to the questionnaire
The decision to remove X (yes vs. no)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Sep 2020.
- Background: PubMed 29285871Binder S, Nuscheler R. Risk-taking in vaccination, surgery, and gambling environments: Evidence from a framed laboratory experiment. Health Econ. 2017 Dec;26 Suppl 3:76-96. doi: 10.1002/hec.3620.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Data will be uploaded to file sharing sites for sharing. Any identifying information will be removed before data sharing.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Wing Man Yeung, PhD principal investigator
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing non-modifiable factor and induction of anticipated regret in people with Risk Reduction, run by Chinese University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Sep 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Decision to remove X (time frame: Day 1: When responding to the questionnaire). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04228562, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Sep 2020.