Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsPhase 3NCT04241185
Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) Versus CRT Alone in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) (MK-3475-992/KEYNOTE-992)
A Phase 3 study testing Pembrolizumab, Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only) and Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes) in people with Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC at 134 sites in 25 countries.
Trial summary
Researchers are looking for new ways to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). MIBC is a type of cancer that has not spread from the muscles in the bladder to other parts of the body. MIBC is treated by having surgery to remove the bladder (cystectomy). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
- What is being tested?
- Pembrolizumab, Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only) and Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 520 participants
- Where
- 134 sitesin 25 countries
- Study dates
- 19 May 2020to 1 Nov 2031
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Has a histologically confirmed initial diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with predominant urothelial histology
- Has clinically nonmetastatic bladder cancer (N0M0)
- Has planned and is eligible to receive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and one of the protocol-specified radiosensitizing chemotherapy regimens
- Has Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1, or 2
- Demonstrates adequate organ function
- Male participants are eligible to participate if they agree to the following during the intervention period and for at least 90 days after the last dose of CRT treatment:
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- Refrain from donating sperm
- Be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent; or must agree to use contraception unless confirmed to be azoospermic
- A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies:
- Is not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP)
- Is a WOCBP and using a contraceptive method that is highly effective (with a failure rate of <1% per year), with low user dependency or be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis), during the intervention period and for at least 180 days the time needed to eliminate each study intervention after the last dose of study intervention; and agrees not to donate eggs (ova, oocytes) to others or freeze/store for her own use for the purpose of reproduction during this period. The length of time required to continue contraception for each study intervention is as follows: MK-3475 - 120 days and CRT - 180 days
Who cannot join
- Has the presence of diffuse carcinoma in situ (CIS) (multiple foci of CIS) throughout the bladder
- Has the presence of urothelial carcinoma (UC) at any site outside of the urinary bladder in the previous 2 years except for Ta stage/T1 stage/CIS of the upper tract if the participant has undergone a complete nephroureterectomy
- Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active therapy within the past 3 years, except basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, superficial bladder cancer or other carcinoma in situ that has undergone potentially curative therapy
- Has the presence of bilateral hydronephrosis
- Has limited bladder function with frequency of small amounts of urine (< 30 mL), urinary incontinence, or requires self-catheterization or a permanent indwelling catheter
- Has received prior pelvic/local radiation therapy for any reason or any antineoplastic treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical instillation therapy that was completed ≥28 days prior to randomization is allowed. Prior systemic treatment of NMIBC is not permitted.
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- Received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), anti-PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), or anti-PD-L2 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 2), or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or coinhibitory T-cell receptor (e.g., CTLA-4 [cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4], OX 40, or CD137 [cluster of differentiation 137])
- Has received a live vaccine within 30 days before the first dose of study medication
- Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks before the first dose of study medication
- Has known severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to the selected chemotherapy regimen, and/or any of their excipients and excipients of pembrolizumab
- Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days before the first dose of study medication
- Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (ie, with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (eg, thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment and is allowed
- Has a history of non-infectious pneumonitis that required steroids or has current pneumonitis
- Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
- Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- Has a known history of hepatitis B or known active hepatitis C virus infection
- Has a known history of active tuberculosis (TB; Bacillus tuberculosis)
- Has a known psychiatric or substance abuse disorder that would interfere with the participant's ability to cooperate with the requirements of the study
- Has had an allogenic tissue/solid organ transplant
Trial locations and contacts
134 sites in 25 countries.
134 sites in 25 countries
United States24 sites
New York Oncology Hematology P.C ( Site 0024)
Albany, New York, 12206
MidLantic urology ( Site 0070)
Bala-Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, 19004
Baltimore VA Medical Center ( Site 0054)
Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
Bay Pines VA Medical Center ( Site 0055)
Bay Pines, Florida, 33744
Roswell Park Cancer Institute ( Site 6009)
Buffalo, New York, 14263
West Virginia University - Charleston Area Medical Center ( Site 6003)
Charleston, West Virginia, 25304
Fairview Hospital-Moll Cancer Center ( Site 6013)
Cleveland, Ohio, 44111
Cleveland Clinic Main ( Site 0062)
Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
Inova Schar Cancer Institute ( Site 6006)
Fairfax, Virginia, 22031
Summit Medical Group Cancer Center ( Site 6008)
Florham Park, New Jersey, 07932
Saint Francis Cancer Center ( Site 0026)
Greenville, South Carolina, 29607
John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center ( Site 0005)
Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601
Norton Cancer Institute ( Site 0044)
Louisville, Kentucky, 40207
Cleveland Clinic - Hillcrest Hospital-Hillcrest Hospital Cancer Center ( Site 6012)
Mayfield Heights, Ohio, 44124
Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin ( Site 0022)
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226
Winthrop University Hospital ( Site 0069)
Mineola, New York, 11501
Carolina Urologic Research Center ( Site 0002)
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 29572
New York University Perlmutter Cancer Center ( Site 0001)
New York, New York, 10016
AdventHealth Orlando-AdventHealth Medical Group Hematology & Oncology at Orlandoc ( Site 0004)
Orlando, Florida, 32804
Pikeville Medical Center ( Site 0009)
Pikeville, Kentucky, 41501
Urology San Antonio Research ( Site 6010)
San Antonio, Texas, 78229
Washington University ( Site 0003)
St Louis, Missouri, 63110
Westchester Medical Center ( Site 6014)
Valhalla, New York, 10595
Washington Cancer Institute at MedStar Washington Hospital Center ( Site 0041)
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20010
Italy8 sites
IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II. Ospedale Oncologico ( Site 0193)
Bari, Apulia, 70124
AOU Careggi ( Site 0191)
Florence, 50134
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano ( Site 0186)
Milan, Lombardy, 20133
Ospedale San Raffaele. ( Site 0194)
Milan, 20132
Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria Policlinico di Modena ( Site 0188)
Modena, 41124
Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale ( Site 0192)
Naples, 80131
Ospedale Civile di Macerata ( Site 0190)
Province of Macerata, 62100
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico-Radiation Oncology ( Site 7041)
Rome, Lazio, 00128
Romania7 sites
MEMORIAL HEALTHCARE INTERNATIONAL S.R.L. ( Site 0253)
Bucharest, 013812
Institutul Oncologic Prof.Dr. Ion Chiricuta Cluj-Napoca ( Site 0249)
Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, 400015
S.C. Radiotherapy Center Cluj S.R.L ( Site 0252)
Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, 407280
Institutul Oncologic-Oncologie Medicala ( Site 0256)
Cluj-Napoca, 400015
S.C. Centrul de Oncologie Sf. Nectarie SRL ( Site 0248)
Craiova, Dolj, 200542
Institutul Regional de Oncologie Iasi ( Site 0255)
Iași, 700483
Policlinica Oncomed SRL ( Site 0254)
Timișoara, Timiș County, 300239
Taiwan7 sites
Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital ( Site 0209)
Kaohsiung City, 83301
Taichung Veterans General Hospital ( Site 0213)
Taichung, 407
Chi Mei Medical Center ( Site 0215)
Tainan, Tainan, 71004
National Cheng Kung University Hospital ( Site 0208)
Tainan, 704
National Taiwan University Hospital ( Site 0210)
Taipei, 10002
Taipei Veterans General Hospital ( Site 0211)
Taipei, 11217
Chang Gung Medical Foundation.Linkou Branch ( Site 0212)
Taoyuan, 333
Turkey (Türkiye)7 sites
University of Health Sciences,Gulhane School of Medicine-Oncology ( Site 0509)
Ankara, 06010
Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. ( Site 0502)
Ankara, 06100
Istanbul Uni. Cerrahpasa Tip Fakultesi ( Site 0501)
Istanbul, 34098
T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Turkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu - Baki-Istanbul Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Training ( Site 0510)
Istanbul, 34147
Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın Şehir Hastanesi-oncology ( Site 0504)
Istanbul, 34722
Ege University Medical Faculty ( Site 0508)
Izmir, 35100
Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi Tip Fakultesi ( Site 0503)
Trabzon, 61080
United Kingdom7 sites
Darlington Memorial Hospital NHS Trust ( Site 0446)
Darlington, DL3 6HX
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust ( Site 0445)
London, London, City of, NW1 2PG
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. ( Site 0442)
London, London, City of, SW3 6JJ
Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust ( Site 0250)
Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 1PB
Royal Preston Hospital ( Site 0449)
Preston, Lancashire, PR2 9HT
Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board ( Site 0447)
Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ
South Devon Healthcare Foundation Trust. Torbay Hospital ( Site 0444)
Torquay, Devon, TQ2 7AA
Israel6 sites
Soroka Medical Center-Oncology ( Site 7031)
Beersheba, 8400000
Rambam Health Care Campus-Oncology Division ( Site 0088)
Haifa, 3109601
Hadassah Medical Center. Ein Kerem ( Site 0086)
Jerusalem, 9112001
Rabin Medical Center ( Site 7032)
Petah Tikva, 4941492
Chaim Sheba Medical Center ( Site 0087)
Ramat Gan, 5262000
Sourasky Medical Center ( Site 0089)
Tel Aviv, 6423906
Japan6 sites
Hirosaki University Hospital ( Site 0602)
Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8563
Nagasaki University Hospital ( Site 0600)
Nagasaki, 852-8501
Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital ( Site 0604)
Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686
Institute of Science Tokyo Hospital ( Site 0601)
Tokyo, 113-8519
Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital ( Site 0606)
Tokyo, 113-8677
University of Tsukuba Hospital ( Site 0605)
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576
South Korea6 sites
Chungnam National University Hospital ( Site 0203)
Daejeon, Taejon-Kwangyokshi, 35015
National Cancer Center ( Site 0202)
Gyeonggi-do, Kyonggi-do, 10408
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital ( Site 0204)
Seongnam-si, Kyonggi-do, 13620
Korea University Anam Hospital ( Site 0205)
Seoul, 02841
Severance Hospital Yonsei University Health System ( Site 0201)
Seoul, 03722
Asan Medical Center ( Site 0200)
Seoul, 05505
Ukraine6 sites
Clinical oncology dispensary of Dnipro ( Site 0133)
Dnipro, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, 49055
Grigoriev Institute for medical Radiology NAMS of Ukraine ( Site 0139)
Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast, 61024
MNPE Regional Center of Oncology ( Site 0134)
Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast, 61070
Ukranian Center of TomoTherapy ( Site 0140)
Kropyvnytskiy, Kirovohrad Oblast, 25011
SNPE National Cancer Institute ( Site 0136)
Kyiv, 03022
Kyiv City Clinical Oncology Center ( Site 0135)
Kyiv, 03115
Australia5 sites
Monash Medical Centre ( Site 0216)
Clayton, Victoria, 3168
Austin Health ( Site 0218)
Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084
Liverpool Hospital ( Site 0220)
Liverpool, New South Wales, 2170
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital ( Site 0223)
Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009
GenesisCare North Shore ( Site 0217)
St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065
Chile5 sites
Bradford Hill Norte ( Site 7052)
Antofagasta, 1240000
FALP ( Site 7056)
Santiago, Region M. de Santiago, 7500921
Bradfordhill-Clinical Area ( Site 7051)
Santiago, Region M. de Santiago, 8420383
Oncocentro Valdivia ( Site 7055)
Valdivia, Los Ríos Region, 5112129
ONCOCENTRO APYS-ACEREY ( Site 7054)
Viña del Mar, Valparaiso, 2520598
Guatemala5 sites
MEDI-K ( Site 0142)
Guatemala City, 01009
Centro de Investigaciones Clinicas de Latinoamerica S.A. - CELAN ( Site 0146)
Guatemala City, 01010
Oncomedica ( Site 0145)
Guatemala City, 01010
Grupo Medico Angeles ( Site 0143)
Guatemala City, 01015
Centro Medico Integral De Cancerología (CEMIC) ( Site 0144)
Quetzaltenango, 09002
Hungary5 sites
Debreceni Egyetem Klinikai Kozpont ( Site 0097)
Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, 4032
Petz Aladar Megyei Oktato Korhaz ( Site 0099)
Győr, Győr-Moson-Sopron, 9024
Somogy Megyei Kaposi Mor Oktato Korhaz ( Site 0091)
Kaposvár, 7400
Bacs-Kiskun Megyei Korhaz-Onkoradiologiai Kozpont ( Site 0095)
Kecskemét, Bács-Kiskun county, 6000
BAZ Megyei Korhaz. Klinikai Onkologia es Sugarterapias Centrum ( Site 0092)
Miskolc, Borsod-Abauj Zemplen county, 3526
France4 sites
CHU Amiens Picardie Site Sud Amiens ( Site 0123)
Amiens, Somme, 80000
Institut Sainte Catherine ( Site 0121)
Avignon, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region, 84918
Institut Curie ( Site 0112)
Paris, 75005
A.P.H. Paris. Hopital Bichat Claude Bernard ( Site 0115)
Paris, 75018
Malaysia4 sites
Hospital Pulau Pinang ( Site 0239)
George Town, Pulau Pinang, 10990
Hospital Kuala Lumpur ( Site 0238)
Kuala Lumpur, 50586
University Malaya Medical Centre ( Site 0236)
Kuala Lumpur, 59100
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia ( Site 0237)
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150
Portugal4 sites
Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra ( Site 0306)
Coimbra, 3000-075
Unidade Local de Saude Lisboa Ocidental - Hospital de São Francisco Xavier ( Site 0302)
Lisbon, 1449-005
Unidade Local de Saude de Santa Maria - Hospital de Santa Maria ( Site 0305)
Lisbon, 1649-035
Unidade Local de Saude Loures-Odivelas - Hospital Beatriz Angelo ( Site 0303)
Loures, Lisbon District, 2674-514
Czechia3 sites
Fakultni nemocnice Olomouc ( Site 0559)
Olomouc, 77900
2. LF UK a FN Motol ( Site 0555)
Prague, 150 06
Nemocnice Na Bulovce ( Site 0556)
Prague, 180 81
Poland3 sites
Szpital Wojewodzki im.M.Kopernika. ( Site 0152)
Koszalin, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, 75-581
Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Krakowie ( Site 0153)
Krakow, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, 31-826
Mazowiecki Szpital Wojewódzki w Siedlcach ( Site 0154)
Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship, 08-110
Spain3 sites
Instituto Catalan de Oncologia - ICO ( Site 0103)
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908
HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DEL ROCIO-Medical Oncology ( Site 0106)
Seville, 41013
Hospital La Fe de Valencia ( Site 0105)
Valencia, Valenciana, Comunitat, 46026
Denmark2 sites
Herlev og Gentofte Hospital. ( Site 0401)
Herlev, Capital Region, 2730
Odense Universitetshospital ( Site 0403)
Odense, Region Syddanmark, 5000
Estonia2 sites
North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation ( Site 0081)
Tallinn, Harju, 13419
Tartu University Hospital ( Site 0079)
Tartu, Tartu, 51014
Netherlands2 sites
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) ( Site 0183)
Amsterdam, North Holland, 1066 CX
Erasmus MC ( Site 0182)
Rotterdam, South Holland, 3015 GD
Puerto Rico2 sites
Advance Urology and Laparoscopic Center ( Site 0281)
Ponce, 00716
PAN American Center Oncologic ( Site 0280)
San Juan, Rio Piedras, 00935
Latvia1 site
Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital ( Site 0073)
Riga, LV-1002
About this study
Official title: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) Versus CRT Alone in Participants With Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) (KEYNOTE-992)
Researchers are looking for new ways to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). MIBC is a type of cancer that has not spread from the muscles in the bladder to other parts of the body.
MIBC is treated by having surgery to remove the bladder (cystectomy). Not all people choose to have surgery and want to keep their bladder using other treatments.
Read more
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT)- is a type of non-surgical treatment for MIBC which combines Chemotherapy (a treatment with medicine to destroy cancer cells or stop them growing) and Radiation therapy (a treatment that uses beams of intense energy [like X-rays] to shrink or get rid of tumors).
Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy, which is a treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer.
A placebo looks like the study medicine but has no study medicine in it. Using a placebo helps researchers better understand if the study medicine works.
The goal of this study is to learn: 1. If a study medicine pembrolizumab given with Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) can help people live longer without their cancer growing, spreading, or coming back compared to placebo given with CRT. 2. About the safety and how well people tolerate CRT alone or in combination with pembrolizumab.
- Conditions
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
- Being tested
- Pembrolizumab, Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only), Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes), Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (Bladder only), Cisplatin
- Medical subject headings
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PembrolizumabDrug
Also called MK-3475, KEYTRUDA®
400 mg of IV (intravenous) pembrolizumab once every 6 weeks.
Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only)Radiation
64 Gy of radiation administered to participant's bladder only. Thirty-two fractions will be administered over 6.5 weeks.
Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes)Radiation
64 Gy of radiation administered to participant's bladder and pelvic nodes. Thirty-two fractions will be administered over 6.5 weeks.
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (Bladder only)Radiation
55 Gy of radiation administered to participant's bladder only. Twenty fractions will be administered over 4 weeks.
CisplatinDrug
35 mg of cisplatin per cubic meter of body volume, administered once weekly via IV infusion.
Fluorouracil (5-FU)Drug
5-FU administered via IV infusion at a dose of 500 mg per cubic meter of body volume on Days 1-5 and 22-26.
Mitomycin C (MMC)Drug
MMC administered via IV infusion at a dose of 12 mg per cubic meter of body volume on Day 1.
GemcitabineDrug
Gemcitabine administered via IV infusion at a dose of 27 mg per cubic meter of body volume twice weekly.
Placebo to PembrolizumabDrug
Placebo to intravenous (IV) pembrolizumab administered once every 6 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy | Experimental | Participants receive pembrolizumab plus one of three chemotherapy regimens chosen by investigator, plus one of three radiotherapy regimens chosen by investigator. Receives: Drug: Pembrolizumab; Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only); Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes); Radiation: Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (Bladder only); Drug: Cisplatin; Drug: Fluorouracil (5-FU); Drug: Mitomycin C (MMC); Drug: Gemcitabine |
| Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy | Placebo comparator | Participants receive placebo to pembrolizumab plus one of three chemotherapy regimens chosen by investigator, plus one of three radiotherapy regimens chosen by investigator. Receives: Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only); Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes); Radiation: Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (Bladder only); Drug: Cisplatin; Drug: Fluorouracil (5-FU); Drug: Mitomycin C (MMC); Drug: Gemcitabine; Drug: Placebo to Pembrolizumab |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Bladder Intact Event-Free Survival (BI-EFS)
BI-EFS is defined as the time from randomization to any of the following events: residual/recurrent MIBC post-chemoradiotherapy (CRT), nodal or distant metastases as assessed by computerized tomography (CT) and CT urography (CTU) or magnetic resonance urography (MRU) per blinded independent central review (BICR) and/or biopsy results assessed by central pathology review, radical cystectomy, or death due to any cause. If biopsy is not feasible due to participant safety, the imaging alone will be sufficient. The BI-EFS for all participants will be presented.
Measured: Up to approximately 76 months
Secondary outcomes (10)
Overall Survival (OS)
Time from randomization to death due to any cause.
Measured: Up to approximately 7 years
Metastasis-Free Survival (MFS)
MFS is defined as the time from randomization to the first documented occurrence of nodal or distant metastases as assessed by CT and CTU or MRU per BICR and/or biopsy results assessed by central pathology review If biopsy is not feasible due to participant safety, the imaging alone will be sufficient.
Measured: Up to approximately 7 years
Time to Occurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)
Time to occurrence of low-grade disease, defined as the time from randomization until the development of NMIBC, will be presented.
Measured: Up to approximately 7 years
Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. The number of participants who experience an AE will be presented.
Measured: Up to approximately 7 years
Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Intervention Due to an AE
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. The number of participants who discontinue study treatment due to an AE will be presented.
Measured: Up to approximately 1 year
Change from Baseline in the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (Items 29 and 30) Combined Score on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30)
The EORTC-QLQ-C30 is a 30-item questionnaire developed to assess the quality of life of cancer patients. Participant responses to the questions "How would you rate your overall health during the past week?" and "How would you rate your overall quality of life during the past week?" are scored on a 7-point scale (1=Very Poor to 7=Excellent). A higher score indicates a better overall outcome. The change from baseline in Global Health Status/Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 Items 29 and 30) combined score will be presented.
Measured: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Change from Baseline in Physical Functioning (Items 1-5) Combined Score on the EORTC QLQ-C30
EORTC-QLQ-C30 is a 30-item questionnaire developed to assess the quality of life of cancer patients. Participant responses to 5 questions about their physical functioning are scored on a 4-point scale (1=Not at All to 4=Very Much). A higher score indicates a better quality of life. The change from baseline in Physical Functioning (EORTC QLQ-C30 Items 1-5) combined score will be presented.
Measured: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Change from Baseline in Urinary, Bowel, and Sexual Domains of the Bladder Cancer Index (BCI)
The BCI is a validated, condition-specific health questionnaire assessing quality of life among participants with bladder cancer. The BCI contains 36 items which assess 3 domains (urinary, bowel, and sexual) with function and bother subdomains. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores corresponding to better functioning and health-related quality of life. The change from baseline in the combined scores of the urinary, bowel, and sexual domains of the BCI will be presented.
Measured: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Change from Baseline in the Visual Analog Score (VAS) of the European Quality of Life (EuroQoL)-5 Dimensions, 5-level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L)
The EQ-5D-5L VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a 10 cm vertical, visual analogue scale. It is rated by the respondent on a scale 0 to 100, with 0 being "the worst health you can imagine" and 100 being "the best health you can imagine". The change from baseline in EQ-5D-5L VAS will be presented.
Measured: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Time to Cystectomy
Time to cystectomy is defined as time from a participant's randomization to date of cystectomy.
Measured: Up to approximately 7 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jan 2020
- Study start19 May 2020
- Primary completion31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Nov 2031 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLCThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 520 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Medical Director, Study director, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04241185
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 3475-992
- Other IDs
- MK-3475-992, 205383, U1111-1287-4190, 2023-503500-87-00, jRCT2080225287, 2019-004023-20, 2019, 2023
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Jan 2020
- Last updated
- 1 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: https://trialstransparency.msdclinicaltrials.com/pdf/ProcedureAccessClinicalTrialData.pdf
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) Versus CRT Alone in Participants With Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) (KEYNOTE-992)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04241185
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 3475-992
- Conditions
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 520 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Merck Sharp & Dohme LLCIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- 19 May 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Nov 2031 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Researchers are looking for new ways to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). MIBC is a type of cancer that has not spread from the muscles in the bladder to other parts of the body.
MIBC is treated by having surgery to remove the bladder (cystectomy). Not all people choose to have surgery and want to keep their bladder using other treatments.
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT)- is a type of non-surgical treatment for MIBC which combines Chemotherapy (a treatment with medicine to destroy cancer cells or stop them growing) and Radiation therapy (a treatment that uses beams of intense energy [like X-rays] to shrink or get rid of tumors).
Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy, which is a treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer.
A placebo looks like the study medicine but has no study medicine in it. Using a placebo helps researchers better understand if the study medicine works.
The goal of this study is to learn: 1. If a study medicine pembrolizumab given with Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) can help people live longer without their cancer growing, spreading, or coming back compared to placebo given with CRT. 2. About the safety and how well people tolerate CRT alone or in combination with pembrolizumab.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy | Experimental | Drug: Pembrolizumab, Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only), Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes), Radiation: Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (Bladder only), Drug: Cisplatin, Drug: Fluorouracil (5-FU), Drug: Mitomycin C (MMC), Drug: GemcitabineParticipants receive pembrolizumab plus one of three chemotherapy regimens chosen by investigator, plus one of three radiotherapy regimens chosen by investigator. |
| Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy | Placebo comparator | Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only), Radiation: Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes), Radiation: Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (Bladder only), Drug: Cisplatin, Drug: Fluorouracil (5-FU), Drug: Mitomycin C (MMC), Drug: Gemcitabine, Drug: Placebo to PembrolizumabParticipants receive placebo to pembrolizumab plus one of three chemotherapy regimens chosen by investigator, plus one of three radiotherapy regimens chosen by investigator. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Has a histologically confirmed initial diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with predominant urothelial histology
- Has clinically nonmetastatic bladder cancer (N0M0)
- Has planned and is eligible to receive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and one of the protocol-specified radiosensitizing chemotherapy regimens
- Has Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1, or 2
- Demonstrates adequate organ function
Key exclusion criteria (19 listed)
- Has the presence of diffuse carcinoma in situ (CIS) (multiple foci of CIS) throughout the bladder
- Has the presence of urothelial carcinoma (UC) at any site outside of the urinary bladder in the previous 2 years except for Ta stage/T1 stage/CIS of the upper tract if the participant has undergone a complete nephroureterectomy
- Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active therapy within the past 3 years, except basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, superficial bladder cancer or other carcinoma in situ that has undergone potentially curative therapy
- Has the presence of bilateral hydronephrosis
- Has limited bladder function with frequency of small amounts of urine (< 30 mL), urinary incontinence, or requires self-catheterization or a permanent indwelling catheter
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PembrolizumabAlso: MK-3475, KEYTRUDA®400 mg of IV (intravenous) pembrolizumab once every 6 weeks. | Drug | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only)64 Gy of radiation administered to participant's bladder only. Thirty-two fractions will be administered over 6.5 weeks. | Radiation | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy, Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes)64 Gy of radiation administered to participant's bladder and pelvic nodes. Thirty-two fractions will be administered over 6.5 weeks. | Radiation | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy, Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (Bladder only)55 Gy of radiation administered to participant's bladder only. Twenty fractions will be administered over 4 weeks. | Radiation | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy, Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| Cisplatin35 mg of cisplatin per cubic meter of body volume, administered once weekly via IV infusion. | Drug | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy, Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| Fluorouracil (5-FU)5-FU administered via IV infusion at a dose of 500 mg per cubic meter of body volume on Days 1-5 and 22-26. | Drug | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy, Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| Mitomycin C (MMC)MMC administered via IV infusion at a dose of 12 mg per cubic meter of body volume on Day 1. | Drug | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy, Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| GemcitabineGemcitabine administered via IV infusion at a dose of 27 mg per cubic meter of body volume twice weekly. | Drug | Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy, Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
| Placebo to PembrolizumabPlacebo to intravenous (IV) pembrolizumab administered once every 6 weeks. | Drug | Placebo + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy |
Primary outcome
Bladder Intact Event-Free Survival (BI-EFS)
Time frame: Up to approximately 76 months
BI-EFS is defined as the time from randomization to any of the following events: residual/recurrent MIBC post-chemoradiotherapy (CRT), nodal or distant metastases as assessed by computerized tomography (CT) and CT urography (CTU) or magnetic resonance urography (MRU) per blinded independent central review (BICR) and/or biopsy results assessed by central pathology review, radical cystectomy, or death due to any cause. If biopsy is not feasible due to participant safety, the imaging alone will be sufficient. The BI-EFS for all participants will be presented.
10 secondary outcomes
Overall Survival (OS)
Time frame: Up to approximately 7 years
Metastasis-Free Survival (MFS)
Time frame: Up to approximately 7 years
Time to Occurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)
Time frame: Up to approximately 7 years
Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
Time frame: Up to approximately 7 years
Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Intervention Due to an AE
Time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
Change from Baseline in the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (Items 29 and 30) Combined Score on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30)
Time frame: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Change from Baseline in Physical Functioning (Items 1-5) Combined Score on the EORTC QLQ-C30
Time frame: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Change from Baseline in Urinary, Bowel, and Sexual Domains of the Bladder Cancer Index (BCI)
Time frame: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Change from Baseline in the Visual Analog Score (VAS) of the European Quality of Life (EuroQoL)-5 Dimensions, 5-level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L)
Time frame: Baseline and up to approximately 2 years
Time to Cystectomy
Time frame: Up to approximately 7 years
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 May 2026.
- Merck Clinical Trials InformationLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. https://trialstransparency.msdclinicaltrials.com/pdf/ProcedureAccessClinicalTrialData.pdf
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Medical Director study director
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
134 sites in 25 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing Pembrolizumab, Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder only) and Conventional Radiotherapy (Bladder and pelvic nodes) in people with Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC at 134 sites in 25 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 134 sites in United States, Italy, Romania, Taiwan, Turkey (Türkiye) and 20 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Bladder Intact Event-Free Survival (BI-EFS) (time frame: Up to approximately 76 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 May 2026.